NEET 2027 Syllabus: Biology, Physics, Chemistry Topics, Weightage and PDF Download

Scope of physics; physical laws; SI units; fundamental and derived units; dimensional analysis; significant figures; absolute, relative, and percentage errors in measurement

Uniform and non-uniform motion; displacement, velocity, acceleration; kinematic equations; position-time and velocity-time graphs; projectile motion; uniform circular motion; vectors and scalars; relative velocity

Newton’s three laws; inertia; impulse; conservation of linear momentum; static and kinetic friction; laws of friction; dynamics of uniform circular motion; centripetal force; banking of roads

Work-energy theorem; kinetic and potential energy; conservation of mechanical energy; potential energy of spring; elastic and inelastic collisions in 1D and 2D; power

Centre of mass; momentum conservation; torque; angular momentum; moment of inertia; parallel and perpendicular axis theorems; conservation of angular momentum (Note: Rolling motion is excluded from NEET syllabus)

Kepler’s laws; Newton’s law of gravitation; variation of g with altitude and depth; gravitational potential energy; escape velocity; orbital velocity; geostationary and polar satellites; weightlessness

Elastic behaviour; Hooke’s law; Young’s modulus; bulk and shear moduli; viscosity; Stokes’ law; terminal velocity; Bernoulli’s theorem; surface tension; capillary rise; thermal expansion; specific heat capacity

Zeroth, first, and second laws; thermal equilibrium; isothermal and adiabatic processes; Carnot engine; reversible and irreversible processes; entropy; heat engines and refrigerators

Ideal gas equation; kinetic theory assumptions; RMS speed; degrees of freedom; equipartition of energy; specific heats of gases; mean free path; Avogadro’s number

SHM; energy in SHM; spring-mass system; simple pendulum; damped oscillations; resonance; transverse and longitudinal waves; standing waves in strings and organ pipes; beats; Doppler effect

Coulomb’s law; electric field; electric dipole; Gauss’s law and applications; electric potential; equipotential surfaces; capacitors; dielectrics; Van de Graaff generator

Drift velocity; Ohm’s law; resistivity; V-I characteristics; colour code for resistors; Kirchhoff’s laws; Wheatstone bridge; potentiometer; internal resistance; cells in series and parallel

Biot-Savart law; Ampere’s law; solenoid; cyclotron; galvanometer; magnetic dipole moment; Earth’s magnetism; diamagnetic, paramagnetic, ferromagnetic materials; permanent magnets

Faraday’s laws; Lenz’s law; eddy currents; self and mutual inductance; LCR series circuit; resonance; power in AC circuits; AC generator; transformer

Displacement current; transverse nature of EM waves; EM spectrum (radio, microwave, infrared, visible, UV, X-ray, gamma ray); properties and applications of each type

Reflection and refraction; total internal reflection; optical fibres; lenses; lens-maker’s equation; microscope; telescope; wave optics; interference (Young’s double-slit); diffraction (single slit); polarisation; Brewster’s law

Photoelectric effect; Hertz and Lenard’s observations; Einstein’s photoelectric equation; de Broglie hypothesis; Davisson-Germer experiment

Rutherford model; Bohr model; energy levels; hydrogen spectrum; nuclear composition; radioactivity (alpha, beta, gamma); radioactive decay law; binding energy; nuclear fission and fusion

Energy bands; semiconductor diode; I-V characteristics; diode as rectifier; LED; photodiode; solar cell; Zener diode; transistor as switch; logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND, NOR)

Laws of chemical combination; Dalton’s atomic theory; mole concept; molar mass; percentage composition; empirical and molecular formula; stoichiometry and calculations

Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr models; quantum numbers; shapes of s, p, d orbitals; Aufbau principle; Pauli’s exclusion principle; Hund’s rule; electronic configuration; stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals

Modern periodic law; periodic trends (atomic radius, ionic radius, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity, valency); nomenclature of elements Z > 100

Ionic and covalent bonds; Lewis structures; VSEPR theory; hybridization (sp, sp2, sp3); valence bond theory; molecular orbital theory (homonuclear diatomic molecules); resonance; hydrogen bonding

Boyle’s, Charles’, Gay-Lussac’s, Avogadro’s laws; ideal gas equation; van der Waals equation; kinetic theory; liquefaction of gases; critical temperature

System and surroundings; first law; internal energy; enthalpy; Hess’s law; bond enthalpies; second law; Gibbs energy; criteria for spontaneity; third law (brief)

Law of mass action; Kc and Kp; Le Chatelier’s principle; ionic equilibrium; pH; buffer solutions; hydrolysis of salts; solubility product; common ion effect

Oxidation numbers; balancing redox reactions by ion-electron method and oxidation number method

Isotopes of hydrogen; hydrides (ionic, covalent, interstitial); water; heavy water; hydrogen peroxide (structure and uses); hydrogen as future fuel

Group 1 and Group 2 elements; diagonal relationship; anomalous properties of Li and Be; important compounds (Na2CO3, NaOH, NaHCO3, CaO, CaCO3); biological importance of Na, K, Mg, Ca

Group 13 (boron, aluminium — anomalous properties, boron compounds); Group 14 (carbon allotropes, silicon compounds, silicates, silicones, zeolites); Group 15–18 general properties (Class 11 scope)

IUPAC nomenclature; inductive effect; resonance; hyperconjugation; electromeric effect; carbocations; carbanions; free radicals; nucleophiles and electrophiles; homolytic and heterolytic fission; types of organic reactions

Alkanes (conformations, combustion, halogenation); alkenes (Markovnikov’s rule, ozonolysis, addition reactions); alkynes; benzene (aromaticity, electrophilic substitution, directive influence); carcinogenicity

Air and water pollution; smog; acid rain; ozone depletion; greenhouse effect and global warming; green chemistry strategies (Note: some sub-topics reduced in NMC 2023 revision)

Amorphous and crystalline solids; unit cells; packing efficiency; voids; point defects; band theory (conductors, semiconductors, insulators)

Types of solutions; solubility; Henry’s law; Raoult’s law; colligative properties (BP elevation, FP depression, osmotic pressure); van’t Hoff factor; abnormal molar masses

Electrolytic conductance; Kohlrausch’s law; Faraday’s laws of electrolysis; Nernst equation; standard electrode potential; EMF and Gibbs energy; fuel cells; corrosion

Rate of reaction; order and molecularity; integrated rate equations (zero and first order); half-life; Arrhenius equation; activation energy; collision theory

Adsorption (physisorption, chemisorption); catalysis (homogeneous, heterogeneous, enzyme); colloids; Tyndall effect; Brownian motion; coagulation (Note: some sub-topics reduced in NMC 2023 revision)

Concentration of ores; thermodynamic and electrochemical principles; refining methods; extraction of aluminium, copper, zinc, and iron

Group 15 (N2, P, NO, NO2, HNO3, PCl3, PCl5); Group 16 (O2, S, H2SO4, SO2, SO3); Group 17 (halogens, HX, interhalogen compounds, bleaching powder); Group 18 (noble gases, XeF2, XeF4, XeF6)

Transition metals: colour; magnetic behaviour; alloy formation; K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4 preparation and properties; lanthanoids (electronic configuration, oxidation states, lanthanoid contraction); actinoids

Werner’s theory; IUPAC nomenclature; coordination number; isomerism (geometric, optical); valence bond theory; crystal field theory; colour and magnetic properties; biological importance (haemoglobin, chlorophyll, vitamin B12)

Nature of C–X bond; SN1 and SN2 mechanisms; optical rotation; haloarene reactions; uses and environmental effects of DDT, freons, chloroform, iodoform

Nomenclature; preparation; physical and chemical properties; mechanism of dehydration; acidic nature of phenols; Williamson synthesis; uses of methanol and ethanol

Carbonyl group; nucleophilic addition; aldol condensation; Cannizzaro reaction; oxidation and reduction; acidity of carboxylic acids; important named reactions

Amines: nomenclature; basicity; Hinsberg test; identification of 1/2/3 amines; diazonium salts (preparation and synthetic importance); cyanides and isocyanides

Carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, sucrose, starch, cellulose, glycogen); proteins (amino acids, peptide bond, protein structure, denaturation, enzymes); vitamins; nucleic acids (DNA and RNA); hormones (elementary)

Natural and synthetic polymers; addition and condensation polymerisation; copolymerisation; rubber; Bakelite; nylon; polyesters; polythene; biodegradable vs non-biodegradable polymers

Medicines (analgesics, antibiotics, antacids, antihistamines, antiseptics, antifertility drugs); food chemicals (preservatives, artificial sweeteners, antioxidants); cleansing agents (soaps and detergents)

The Living World: Biodiversity; taxonomic hierarchy; binomial nomenclature; tools (herbarium, botanical garden, zoo). Biological Classification: Five Kingdom classification; Monera, Protista, Fungi characteristics; lichens; viruses and viroids. Plant Kingdom: Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms — 3–5 features and 2 examples each. Animal Kingdom: Non-chordates up to phyla; chordates up to class — 3–5 features and 2 examples each

Morphology of Flowering Plants: Root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit, seed types and modifications; economically important families. Anatomy of Flowering Plants: Plant tissues; tissue systems; dicot and monocot anatomy. Structural Organisation in Animals: Animal tissues; morphology and anatomy of cockroach (digestive, circulatory, nervous, reproductive systems)

Cell — Unit of Life: Cell theory; prokaryotic vs eukaryotic; all organelles (ER, Golgi, mitochondria, plastids, ribosomes, lysosomes, vacuoles, centrioles, nucleus). Biomolecules: Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids — structure and function; enzymes (types, properties, mechanism). Cell Cycle and Cell Division: G1, S, G2, M phases; mitosis and meiosis in detail; crossing over; significance

Transport in Plants: Water potential; osmosis; plasmolysis; apoplast and symplast; transpiration pull; stomatal opening and closing (some sub-topics reduced in NMC 2023). Photosynthesis: Light reactions (Z-scheme, photophosphorylation); Calvin cycle; C3, C4, CAM pathways; photorespiration; factors. Respiration: Glycolysis; Krebs cycle; electron transport system; fermentation; ATP yield; respiratory quotient. Plant Growth and Development: Phases of growth; plant hormones (auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA); seed dormancy; vernalisation; photoperiodism

Digestion and Absorption: Alimentary canal; digestive glands; enzyme roles; absorption; nutritional disorders. Breathing and Exchange of Gases: Respiratory organs; mechanism; exchange; transport; respiratory volumes; disorders. Body Fluids and Circulation: Blood composition; blood groups; coagulation; cardiac cycle; cardiac output; ECG; double circulation; disorders. Excretion: Modes; nephron; urine formation; osmoregulation; dialysis; kidney transplant; disorders. Locomotion and Movement: Muscle contraction (sliding filament); skeletal system; joints; disorders. Neural Control and Coordination: Neuron; action potential; reflex arc; eye and ear structure and function. Chemical Coordination: All endocrine glands; hormones and functions; hypo/hyperactivity disorders

Reproduction in Organisms: Asexual reproduction types; sexual reproduction phases. Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants: Flower structure; pollen development; pollination types; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization; post-fertilization events; apomixis; parthenocarpy; polyembryony. Human Reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems; spermatogenesis; oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilization; embryo development; implantation; placenta; parturition; lactation. Reproductive Health: STDs; birth control methods; MTP; amniocentesis; infertility (IVF, ZIFT, GIFT, IUI)

Principles of Inheritance and Variation: Mendelian genetics; incomplete dominance; codominance; multiple alleles; blood groups (ABO); chromosomal theory; sex determination; linkage and crossing over; sex-linked inheritance (haemophilia, colour blindness); Mendelian disorders (thalassemia); chromosomal disorders (Down’s, Turner’s, Klinefelter’s syndrome). Molecular Basis of Inheritance: DNA structure (Watson-Crick model); DNA packaging; replication; transcription; genetic code; translation; lac operon; Human Genome Project; DNA fingerprinting. Evolution: Origin of life; evidence for evolution; Darwin’s theory; Hardy-Weinberg principle; gene flow; genetic drift; adaptive radiation; human evolution

Human Health and Disease: Common diseases (malaria, typhoid, pneumonia, amoebiasis, ascariasis, ringworm); immunity; vaccines; cancer (types, causes, treatment); HIV and AIDS; drugs and alcohol abuse. Improvement in Food Production: Plant breeding; tissue culture; biofortification; single cell protein; apiculture; animal husbandry. Microbes in Human Welfare: Household food processing; industrial uses (antibiotics, ethanol); sewage treatment; biogas; biocontrol agents; biofertilizers

Biotechnology Principles and Processes: Recombinant DNA technology; restriction enzymes; cloning vectors; PCR; gel electrophoresis; DNA library; transformation. Applications: Insulin production; gene therapy (ADA deficiency); Bt crops (Bt cotton, Bt brinjal); Golden Rice; transgenic animals; molecular diagnostics (ELISA, PCR); biosafety and biopiracy

Organisms and Environment: Habitat and niche; population ecology (growth models, logistic vs exponential); population interactions (mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism, commensalism, amensalism). Ecosystem: Energy flow; food chains and webs; productivity; nutrient cycling (carbon and phosphorus); succession. Biodiversity and Conservation: IUCN categories; hotspots; in-situ and ex-situ conservation; Red Data Book; biosphere reserves; sacred groves. Environmental Issues: Air, water, solid waste, radioactive waste management; global warming; ozone depletion; deforestation; case studies