NEET 2027 Syllabus: Subject Wise Topics, Chapter Wise Weightage and Syllabus PDF Download

Scope of physics; physics, technology and society; fundamental forces in nature; units of measurement; measurement of length, mass and time; accuracy, precision and significant figures; dimensional analysis; errors in measurement.

Frame of reference; motion in a straight line; position–time graph; velocity; uniform and non-uniform motion; uniformly accelerated motion; equations of motion; motion in a plane; projectile motion; relative velocity; uniform circular motion; centripetal acceleration.

Newton’s first, second and third laws; inertia; impulse and momentum; conservation of linear momentum; equilibrium of concurrent forces; static and kinetic friction; rolling friction; dynamics of uniform circular motion; banking of curves.

Work done by constant and variable forces; kinetic energy; work–energy theorem; potential energy; conservative and non-conservative forces; conservation of mechanical energy; power; elastic, inelastic and perfectly inelastic collisions; coefficient of restitution.

Centre of mass; motion of centre of mass; momentum conservation; angular velocity; torque; angular momentum; moment of inertia; theorems of perpendicular and parallel axes; rolling without slipping.

Universal law of gravitation; Kepler’s three laws; acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth; gravitational potential energy; escape speed; orbital velocity; geostationary and polar satellites; weightlessness.

Elastic behaviour; stress–strain relationship; Hooke’s law; Young’s modulus; bulk and shear moduli; pressure; Pascal’s law; viscosity; Stokes’ law; terminal velocity; surface tension; capillary rise; thermal expansion; specific heat; calorimetry; conduction, convection and radiation.

Thermal equilibrium; zeroth law; heat, work and internal energy; first law of thermodynamics; isothermal and adiabatic processes; second law of thermodynamics; reversible and irreversible processes; heat engines; efficiency; Carnot engine and Carnot’s theorem.

Equation of state of a perfect gas; kinetic theory assumptions; pressure of an ideal gas; RMS speed; degrees of freedom; law of equipartition of energy; specific heats of gases; mean free path; Avogadro’s number.

Periodic motion; simple harmonic motion (SHM); velocity and acceleration in SHM; energy in SHM; free, forced and damped oscillations; resonance; wave motion; displacement relation; speed of transverse waves; standing waves; normal modes; Doppler effect.

Electric charges; conservation of charge; Coulomb’s law; superposition principle; electric field; electric field lines; electric flux; Gauss’s theorem; electric potential; equipotential surfaces; potential due to a point charge and dipole; capacitors; dielectrics; energy stored in a capacitor.

Electric current; drift velocity; Ohm’s law; resistivity; temperature dependence of resistance; series and parallel combinations; Kirchhoff’s laws; Wheatstone bridge; metre bridge; potentiometer; electromotive force; internal resistance; cells in series and parallel.

Biot–Savart law; Ampere’s circuital law; force on a moving charge; force between parallel currents; torque on a current loop; magnetic dipole; bar magnet; magnetisation; dia-, para- and ferromagnetic materials; Curie’s law; hysteresis; electromagnets.

Faraday’s laws; Lenz’s law; eddy currents; self-inductance and mutual inductance; transformers; AC generator; RMS and peak values; phasors; AC circuits (R, L, C); power in AC circuits; LC oscillations; series LCR resonance.

Displacement current; Maxwell’s equations (qualitative); electromagnetic spectrum — radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, UV, X-rays, gamma rays; properties, production and biological uses of each band.

Ray optics: reflection at spherical mirrors; refraction; Snell’s law; total internal reflection; lenses; lens maker’s equation; power of a lens; combination of lenses; prism and dispersion; optical instruments (microscope, telescope). Wave optics: Huygens’ principle; Young’s double-slit experiment; interference; single-slit diffraction; polarisation; Brewster’s law; resolving power.

Photoelectric effect; Einstein’s photoelectric equation; work function; threshold frequency; stopping potential; de Broglie hypothesis; Davisson–Germer experiment; wave-particle duality.

Rutherford’s nuclear model; Bohr model of hydrogen atom; hydrogen spectra; nuclear composition; mass defect; binding energy per nucleon; nuclear fission and fusion; radioactivity; alpha, beta and gamma decay; half-life; decay constant; nuclear reactor.

Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors; p-n junction diode; I-V characteristics; forward and reverse bias; rectifiers; Zener diode; LED; photodiode; solar cell; transistor as switch and amplifier; logic gates (AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR); Boolean algebra and truth tables.

Vernier callipers and screw gauge; simple pendulum (effective length and g); Hooke’s law (spring constant); Young’s modulus; speed of sound using resonance tube; specific heat by calorimeter; metre bridge (Wheatstone bridge); potentiometer (EMF and internal resistance); resistors and capacitors in series and parallel; focal length of convex and concave lenses and mirrors; refractive index of glass; angle of minimum deviation; p-n junction diode I-V characteristics; logic gates. Added by NMC in the 2024 revision.

Laws of chemical combination; Dalton’s atomic theory; atomic and molecular masses; mole concept; empirical and molecular formulae; stoichiometry; limiting reagent; percentage purity; concentration terms (molarity, molality, mole fraction).

Atomic models (Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr); dual nature of electron; Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle; quantum mechanical model; quantum numbers; shapes of s, p, d orbitals; Aufbau principle; Pauli’s exclusion principle; Hund’s rule; electronic configurations.

Historical development of periodic table; modern periodic law; groups and periods; periodic trends — atomic radius, ionic radius, ionisation enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity, valency; anomalous behaviour of period-2 elements.

Kossel–Lewis approach; ionic and covalent bonding; bond parameters; VSEPR theory; valence bond theory; hybridisation (sp, sp², sp³, sp³d, sp³d²); molecular orbital theory; bond order; magnetic properties; hydrogen bonding.

Intermolecular forces; gas laws (Boyle’s, Charles’s, Avogadro’s); ideal gas equation; Dalton’s law of partial pressures; kinetic molecular theory; real gases; van der Waals equation; critical constants; liquids — vapour pressure, viscosity, surface tension.

System and surroundings; state functions; enthalpy; Hess’s law; bond enthalpy; enthalpies of formation, combustion and neutralisation; entropy; Gibbs free energy; spontaneity; relationship between Gibbs energy and equilibrium constant.

Dynamic equilibrium; law of mass action; Kc and Kp; Le Chatelier’s principle; ionic equilibrium; Brønsted–Lowry and Lewis acid–base concepts; pH; buffer solutions; Henderson–Hasselbalch equation; solubility product; common ion effect.

Concept of oxidation state; balancing redox reactions — oxidation number method and half-reaction method; types of redox reactions; disproportionation reactions; oxidising and reducing agents.

Position of hydrogen in periodic table; isotopes; hydrides; water — structure and properties; hydrogen peroxide; heavy water; hydrogen as future fuel.

Group 1: electronic configuration, properties, compounds of sodium (NaOH, Na₂CO₃, NaHCO₃, NaCl). Group 2: properties, compounds of calcium (CaCO₃, CaO, Ca(OH)₂, plaster of Paris). Biological significance of Na, K, Mg and Ca.

Group 13 (Boron family): borax; boric acid; boron hydrides; aluminium compounds. Group 14 (Carbon family): allotropes of carbon; CO and CO₂; silicon; silicones; silicates; zeolites.

Tetravalency of carbon; structural and stereoisomerism; IUPAC nomenclature; inductive effect; resonance; hyperconjugation; electrophiles and nucleophiles; carbocations, carbanions and free radicals; purification techniques (crystallisation, distillation, chromatography).

Alkanes: preparation and conformations. Alkenes: preparation; Markovnikov’s rule; addition reactions; ozonolysis. Alkynes: acidic character; reactions. Benzene: resonance; electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions; carcinogenicity.

Air pollution: smog; acid rain; ozone and ozone depletion. Water pollution: BOD; eutrophication. Soil pollution; industrial waste; global warming; green chemistry strategies.

Classification of solids; crystal lattices; unit cells; packing efficiency; voids; density calculations; point defects; electrical and magnetic properties.

Types of solutions; solubility; Raoult’s law; vapour pressure lowering; colligative properties — elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure; van’t Hoff factor; abnormal molecular masses.

Electrochemical cells; EMF; standard electrode potential; Nernst equation; Gibbs energy and cell potential; conductance; Kohlrausch’s law; electrolytic cells; Faraday’s laws; batteries; fuel cells; corrosion.

Rate of reaction; order and molecularity; rate constants; integrated rate equations (zero, first order); half-life; Arrhenius equation; activation energy; collision theory; factors affecting rate of reaction.

Adsorption; Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms; catalysis; enzyme catalysis; colloids; Tyndall effect; Brownian motion; electrophoresis; emulsions; applications in medicine and food industry.

Occurrence of metals; metallurgy; froth flotation; roasting and calcination; reduction (thermodynamic and electrochemical); refining; extraction of aluminium, copper, zinc and iron.

Group 15 (Nitrogen family): ammonia; oxoacids of phosphorus. Group 16 (Oxygen family): allotropes of sulphur; H₂SO₄. Group 17 (Halogens): oxoacids; interhalogen compounds. Group 18 (Noble gases): xenon compounds and uses.

General characteristics of transition metals; variable oxidation states; coloured ions; magnetic properties; catalytic activity; alloys; KMnO₄ and K₂Cr₂O₇ chemistry; lanthanoids (lanthanoid contraction); actinoids.

Werner’s theory; IUPAC nomenclature; isomerism (structural and stereoisomerism); valence bond theory; crystal field theory; colour; magnetic properties; stability constants; biological applications (haemoglobin, chlorophyll); industrial and medicinal applications.

Nomenclature and classification; preparation; physical and chemical properties; SN1 and SN2 mechanisms; stereochemistry; polyhalogen compounds; environmental effects of halogen compounds.

IUPAC nomenclature; preparation; physical properties; chemical reactions of alcohols — dehydration, oxidation, esterification; acidic character of phenols; phenol reactions; Williamson ether synthesis; cleavage of ethers.

Nomenclature; preparation; nucleophilic addition reactions; aldol condensation; Cannizzaro reaction; oxidation and reduction; carboxylic acids — preparation, acidity factors and chemical properties; derivatives (esters, anhydrides, amides).

Amines: classification; nomenclature; preparation; basic character; alkylation; acylation; reaction with HNO₂. Diazonium salts: preparation; coupling reactions; azo dyes. Cyanides and isocyanides.

Carbohydrates: monosaccharides (glucose, fructose), disaccharides, polysaccharides; reducing and non-reducing sugars. Proteins: amino acids; peptide bond; primary to quaternary structure; denaturation; enzymes. Vitamins: fat-soluble and water-soluble. Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA structure and functions.

Classification of polymers; addition and condensation polymerisation; rubber — natural and vulcanised; synthetic polymers (nylon, Dacron, Bakelite, Buna-S); biodegradable polymers; polymers in everyday life.

Drugs: classification (analgesics, tranquilisers, antiseptics, antimicrobials, antifertility drugs); drug–receptor interaction. Food chemicals: preservatives; artificial sweeteners; antioxidants. Cleansing agents: soaps; synthetic detergents; difference between them.

What is living; biodiversity; need for classification; taxonomy and systematics; taxonomic categories; taxonomical aids; three-domain and five-kingdom classification; Kingdom Monera; Kingdom Protista; Kingdom Fungi; Kingdom Plantae (algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, angiosperms); Kingdom Animalia; viruses and viroids; lichens.

Morphology of root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit and seed; inflorescences; description of important families (Fabaceae, Solanaceae, Liliaceae). Anatomy: tissues; tissue systems; internal structure of monocot and dicot root, stem and leaf; secondary growth in stem and root.

Cell theory; prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; cell membrane (fluid mosaic model); cell wall; cell organelles — endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, centrioles, nucleus; cell cycle; mitosis; meiosis; biomolecules in the cell (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids).

Transport in plants: diffusion; osmosis; active and passive transport; transpiration; translocation in phloem. Mineral nutrition: essential minerals; deficiency symptoms; nitrogen metabolism. Photosynthesis: light reactions; dark reactions (Calvin cycle); photorespiration; factors affecting photosynthesis. Respiration: glycolysis; Krebs cycle; electron transport chain; ATP synthesis; fermentation; RQ. Plant growth and development: plant growth regulators (auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ABA, ethylene); photoperiodism; vernalisation; seed germination.

Levels of organisation; animal tissues — epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous; morphology and anatomy of earthworm, cockroach and frog; cell junctions.

Digestion and absorption: GI tract; digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats; absorption; disorders. Breathing and gas exchange: respiratory organs; mechanism; transport of O₂ and CO₂; respiratory disorders. Body fluids and circulation: blood composition and functions; blood groups; coagulation; heart structure; cardiac cycle; ECG; blood vessels; lymph; disorders. Excretory products and elimination: kidneys; nephron; urine formation; osmoregulation; disorders (kidney failure, dialysis). Locomotion and movement: types; skeletal system; joints; muscle contraction; disorders. Neural control and coordination: nervous system; neuron structure; action potential; reflex arc; brain; spinal cord; sensory receptors; eyes and ears. Chemical coordination and integration: endocrine glands; hormones and their actions; feedback regulation; disorders.

Reproduction in organisms: asexual and sexual reproduction; life spans. Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: flower structure; pollination (self and cross); fertilisation; post-fertilisation changes; embryo development; seed. Human reproduction: male and female reproductive systems; gametogenesis; fertilisation; pregnancy; parturition; lactation. Reproductive health: contraception; MTP; STDs; infertility; assisted reproductive technologies (IVF, ZIFT, GIFT).

Heredity and variation; Mendelian genetics; law of segregation; law of independent assortment; incomplete dominance; co-dominance; multiple alleles; chromosomal theory; linkage and crossing over; sex determination; sex-linked inheritance; mutation; chromosomal disorders (Down syndrome, Turner’s, Klinefelter’s). Molecular basis of inheritance: DNA structure; DNA replication; transcription; translation; regulation of gene expression (lac operon); human genome project; DNA fingerprinting. Evolution: origin of life; Lamarck’s and Darwin’s theories; evidence for evolution (fossils, comparative anatomy); adaptive radiation; Hardy–Weinberg principle; speciation; human evolution.

Health and disease: pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa); types of immunity (innate and acquired); vaccination; common diseases (typhoid, pneumonia, malaria, amoebiasis, ascariasis, ringworm); AIDS; cancer; drugs and alcohol abuse. Food production: animal husbandry; plant breeding; tissue culture; biofortification; single-cell protein. Microbes in human welfare: food processing; industrial products (ethanol, antibiotics); sewage treatment; biogas production; biocontrol agents; biofertilisers.

Principles of biotechnology; recombinant DNA technology; restriction enzymes; PCR; gel electrophoresis; cloning vectors (plasmids, phages); bacteria and yeast as hosts; transgenic plants and animals; GM crops; biosafety and bioethics; gene therapy; molecular diagnostics (ELISA, PCR); insulin and other pharmaceutical proteins.

Organisms and populations: habitat and niche; population attributes; population growth (logistic and exponential); population interactions. Ecosystem: components; food chains and webs; ecological pyramids; primary production; nutrient cycling (carbon, phosphorus, nitrogen). Biodiversity and conservation: alpha, beta and gamma diversity; biodiversity loss; in-situ and ex-situ conservation; hotspots; protected areas (biosphere reserves, national parks, sanctuaries). Environmental issues: air pollution; water pollution; solid waste; global warming; ozone depletion; deforestation; agro-chemicals and their effects.