NEET Syllabus 2027: Topic-Wise Syllabus, Chapter Weightage and PDF Download

Scope of physics, fundamental forces, SI units, significant figures, dimensional analysis, error analysis — absolute, relative, and percentage error.

Motion in a straight line (displacement, velocity, acceleration, equations of motion), motion in a plane, projectile motion, uniform circular motion, relative velocity.

Newton’s three laws, inertia, momentum, impulse, friction (static and kinetic), circular motion dynamics, equilibrium of concurrent forces, free body diagrams.

Work-energy theorem, kinetic energy, potential energy (gravitational and spring), conservation of mechanical energy, power, elastic and inelastic collisions.

Centre of mass, angular momentum, torque, moment of inertia (standard geometries), theorems of parallel and perpendicular axes, rolling motion without slipping.

Universal law of gravitation, gravitational potential and potential energy, variation of g with altitude and depth, satellites, orbital velocity, escape velocity, Kepler’s three laws.

Stress, strain, Hooke’s law, Young’s modulus, bulk and shear moduli, Bernoulli’s principle, viscosity, Stokes’ law, surface tension, capillarity, angle of contact.

Thermal equilibrium, zeroth law, internal energy, first law of thermodynamics, isothermal and adiabatic processes, second law, heat engines, Carnot engine, entropy.

Kinetic theory of gases, ideal gas equation, degrees of freedom, equipartition of energy, mean free path, RMS speed, specific heats of gases (Cv and Cp).

Simple harmonic motion (equations, energy), simple pendulum, damped and forced oscillations, resonance; wave motion, speed of waves, superposition, standing waves, beats, Doppler effect.

Coulomb’s law, electric field lines, Gauss’s law, electric potential, potential due to a dipole, capacitance, dielectrics, energy stored in capacitors, series and parallel combinations.

Ohm’s law, drift velocity, resistivity, temperature dependence of resistance, Kirchhoff’s laws, Wheatstone bridge, potentiometer, cells in series and parallel.

Biot-Savart law, Ampere’s law, force on a moving charge in magnetic field, cyclotron, torque on a current loop, galvanometer; magnetism: diamagnetic, paramagnetic, ferromagnetic materials, hysteresis.

Faraday’s law, Lenz’s law, self-inductance and mutual inductance, AC generator, LCR series circuit, resonance, power factor, transformers.

Displacement current, properties of EM waves, electromagnetic spectrum (radio, microwave, infrared, visible, UV, X-ray, gamma ray), speed of light, energy density of EM waves.

Ray optics: reflection, refraction, lens formula, mirror formula, total internal reflection, optical fibres, prism, dispersion; wave optics: Huygens’ principle, Young’s double-slit experiment, diffraction, polarisation (Brewster’s law).

Photoelectric effect, Einstein’s equation, work function, threshold frequency, de Broglie hypothesis, de Broglie wavelength, Davisson-Germer experiment, photon momentum and energy.

Rutherford’s nuclear model, Bohr’s model of hydrogen atom, hydrogen spectrum (Lyman, Balmer, Paschen series); nuclear composition, binding energy, radioactivity (alpha, beta, gamma decay), half-life, nuclear fission and fusion.

Semiconductors (intrinsic and extrinsic), p-n junction diode, rectifiers (half-wave and full-wave), Zener diode as voltage regulator, transistor in common-emitter configuration, logic gates (AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR).

Mole concept, Avogadro’s number, molar mass, stoichiometry, limiting reagent, empirical and molecular formulae, percentage composition, concentration terms.

Bohr’s model, quantum numbers (n, l, m, s), atomic orbitals, electronic configuration (Aufbau, Hund’s rule, Pauli exclusion), Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, de Broglie equation.

Modern periodic law, s/p/d/f-block classification, periodic trends: atomic and ionic radii, ionisation enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity, valence.

Ionic and covalent bonds, VSEPR theory, hybridisation (sp, sp2, sp3, sp3d), molecular orbital theory (H2, O2, N2), resonance, dipole moment, hydrogen bonding.

Boyle’s, Charles’, and Avogadro’s laws, ideal gas equation, Dalton’s law, Graham’s law of diffusion, van der Waals equation, liquefaction of gases, viscosity, surface tension.

System and surroundings, enthalpy (Hess’s law, bond enthalpy), spontaneity, Gibbs free energy (delta-G = delta-H minus T-delta-S), entropy, standard conditions.

Law of mass action, equilibrium constants Kc and Kp, Le Chatelier’s principle, ionic equilibrium, pH, pOH, buffer solutions, solubility product (Ksp), common ion effect.

Oxidation states, balancing redox equations (oxidation number method and half-reaction method), electrochemical cells, standard electrode potential, EMF.

Isotopes of hydrogen, preparation and properties, water (structure, hard and soft water, treatment), hydrogen peroxide (preparation, properties, uses), hydrogen as fuel.

Alkali metals (Group 1) and alkaline earth metals (Group 2): electronic configuration, general properties, reactivity with water and air, important compounds (NaOH, Na2CO3, NaHCO3, CaO, Ca(OH)2, CaCO3), biological importance of Na, K, Mg, Ca.

Boron family: properties, borax, boron hydrides, aluminium and its compounds; carbon family: allotropes of carbon (diamond, graphite, fullerene), CO, CO2, silicates, silicon tetrachloride, zeolites.

Hybridisation, isomerism (structural, stereoisomerism — geometric and optical), IUPAC nomenclature, inductive effect, resonance, hyperconjugation, electromeric effect, reactive intermediates (carbocations, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes).

Alkanes: free radical halogenation, conformations (ethane); alkenes: addition reactions, Markovnikov’s rule, anti-Markovnikov’s rule, ozonolysis; alkynes: acidic nature, addition reactions; benzene: resonance, electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions.

Crystal systems, Bravais lattices, packing efficiency (hcp, ccp), voids, radius ratio, defects (Schottky, Frenkel), electrical and magnetic properties of solids.

Concentration terms, Raoult’s law, ideal vs non-ideal solutions, colligative properties (relative lowering of vapour pressure, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, osmotic pressure), van’t Hoff factor, abnormal molar masses.

Galvanic cells, Nernst equation, standard electrode potential, electrolytic cells, Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, molar conductivity, Kohlrausch’s law, batteries (primary and secondary), corrosion.

Rate of reaction, rate law, order and molecularity, integrated rate equations (first and second order), half-life, Arrhenius equation, activation energy, collision theory of chemical reactions.

Adsorption (physisorption vs chemisorption), Freundlich adsorption isotherm, catalysis (homogeneous, heterogeneous, enzyme catalysis), colloids (Tyndall effect, Brownian motion, electrophoresis, coagulation), emulsions.

Concentration of ores (gravity separation, froth flotation, magnetic separation), thermodynamic principles of metallurgy (Ellingham diagram), electrochemical principles, refining (zone refining, electrolytic), extraction of Al, Cu, Zn, Fe.

Nitrogen family (N, P, As, Sb, Bi): properties, allotropes of phosphorus, HNO3, H3PO4; oxygen family: allotropes of sulphur, H2SO4, H2S, ozone; halogens: halogen acids, interhalogen compounds, oxoacids; noble gases: properties, XeF2, XeF4, XeF6.

Transition metals: variable oxidation states, coloured ions, magnetic properties, catalytic activity, interstitial compounds; lanthanoids (lanthanoid contraction) and actinoids: electronic configuration, oxidation states.

IUPAC nomenclature, Werner’s theory, isomerism (geometric, optical, ionisation, linkage), valence bond theory, crystal field theory (splitting in octahedral and tetrahedral fields), stability constants, applications (haemoglobin, chlorophyll, cisplatin).

Nomenclature, SN1 and SN2 reactions (stereochemistry), elimination reactions (E1 and E2), reactivity of C-X bond, Grignard reagent formation, environmental effects of CFCs and DDT.

Classification, preparation methods, dehydration of alcohols, Lucas test, oxidation reactions, acidity comparison (alcohol vs phenol vs water), Williamson synthesis for ethers, uses.

Nucleophilic addition reactions, Aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, Clemmensen and Wolff-Kishner reductions, Tollens’ and Fehling’s tests; carboxylic acid reactions: esterification, HVZ reaction, acidity of acids vs phenols.

Classification, IUPAC nomenclature, basicity order, Hofmann bromamide degradation, coupling reactions, diazonium salts and their synthetic uses, distinction between primary, secondary, and tertiary amines.

Carbohydrates (monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides — glucose, sucrose, starch, cellulose), proteins (amino acids, peptide bond, primary to quaternary structure), enzymes (mechanism, factors affecting activity), nucleic acids (DNA double helix, RNA types, nucleotides), vitamins, hormones.

The Living World (characteristics, taxonomic categories, taxonomical aids); Biological Classification (five kingdoms — Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia, viruses and lichens); Plant Kingdom (algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, angiosperms — distinguishing features, life cycles, alternation of generations).

Morphology of flowering plants: root types, stem modifications, leaf morphology, types of flowers and inflorescences, fruit and seed structure; anatomy: meristems, tissue systems (epidermal, ground, vascular), cross-sections of dicot and monocot root, stem, and leaf.

Cell theory, prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cell; cell organelles: nucleus (chromatin, nucleolus), mitochondria, chloroplast, ER, Golgi apparatus, ribosomes, lysosomes, vacuoles, centrosome; plasma membrane (fluid mosaic model, active and passive transport); cell cycle (G1, S, G2, M phases), mitosis (stages and significance), meiosis (stages, significance, comparison with mitosis).

Transport in plants: osmosis, water potential, plasmolysis, transpiration (stomatal mechanism), translocation; Mineral nutrition: essential elements, deficiency symptoms, nitrogen cycle, biological nitrogen fixation (Rhizobium); Photosynthesis: light reactions (PS-I and PS-II, Z-scheme, cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation), Calvin cycle, C3 vs C4 plants, CAM, photorespiration; Respiration: glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation, fermentation; Plant growth and development: phytohormones (auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ABA, ethylene), photoperiodism, vernalisation, seed dormancy.

Asexual reproduction modes; flower structure; development of male gametophyte (microsporogenesis), development of female gametophyte (megasporogenesis), pollination types, double fertilisation, endosperm development, embryogenesis, seed and fruit development, apomixis and polyembryony.

Mendel’s laws, dihybrid cross, incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles (ABO blood groups), linkage and crossing over, chromosomal theory of inheritance, sex determination (XX-XY, ZW-ZZ systems), sex-linked inheritance (haemophilia, colour blindness); Molecular basis of inheritance: DNA structure (Watson-Crick model), DNA replication, transcription, RNA processing, translation, genetic code, regulation of gene expression (lac operon), mutations, Human Genome Project, DNA fingerprinting.

Organisms and populations: ecological adaptations, population growth models (exponential and logistic), interspecific interactions (mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism, commensalism, amensalism); Ecosystem: food chains and webs, ecological pyramids, energy flow, nutrient cycling (carbon and phosphorus cycles), productivity; Biodiversity and conservation: levels of biodiversity, threats, IUCN Red List categories, in situ and ex situ conservation; Environmental issues: air and water pollution, biomagnification, ozone depletion, greenhouse effect.

Classification criteria (symmetry, coelom, segmentation, notochord); phyla: Porifera, Coelenterata, Platyhelminthes, Aschelminthes, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, Hemichordata; Chordata: Cyclostomata, Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, Mammalia — distinguishing features and examples of each.

Animal tissues: epithelial (simple squamous, cuboidal, columnar, ciliated, compound), connective (areolar, adipose, bone, cartilage, blood), muscular (striated, smooth, cardiac), neural; morphology and anatomy of earthworm (Pheretima), cockroach (Periplaneta), and frog (Rana).

Chemical constituents of living cells: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins (primary to quaternary structure), nucleic acids; enzyme classification (oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, etc.), properties (temperature and pH optima, competitive and non-competitive inhibition), mechanism of enzymatic action.

Digestion and absorption: alimentary canal, digestive enzymes, absorption in small intestine, disorders (jaundice, constipation); Breathing and gas exchange: respiratory organs, mechanism, lung volumes, transport of O2 (oxyhaemoglobin) and CO2 (carbaminohaemoglobin, bicarbonate), respiratory disorders; Body fluids and circulation: blood composition, cardiac cycle, ECG, blood groups (ABO, Rh), double circulation, lymph, circulatory disorders; Excretory products and elimination: nephron structure, ultrafiltration, selective reabsorption, tubular secretion, urine formation, osmoregulation, haemodialysis, kidney stone, renal failure; Locomotion and movement: types of muscles, skeletal muscle structure, sliding filament theory, types of joints, disorders (arthritis, gout, osteoporosis); Neural control and coordination: neuron structure, resting and action potential, synapse, CNS and PNS, reflex arc, sensory receptors (eye — structure and defects; ear — structure and hearing); Chemical coordination: endocrine glands and hormones — hypothalamus, pituitary (GH, TSH, ACTH, LH, FSH, ADH, oxytocin), thyroid (T3, T4, calcitonin), parathyroid (PTH), adrenal cortex (cortisol, aldosterone) and medulla (adrenaline), pancreas (insulin, glucagon), gonads, pineal, thymus — mechanism of hormone action.

Male reproductive system (testes, spermatogenesis); female reproductive system (ovaries, oogenesis, uterus, menstrual cycle); fertilisation, implantation, embryonic development (morula, blastocyst, gastrulation), parturition, lactation; Reproductive health: contraception methods (barrier, hormonal, IUDs, surgical), STDs and prevention, infertility and ART (IVF, GIFT, ZIFT), amniocentesis and ethics, MTP.

Origin of life (Oparin-Haldane hypothesis, Miller-Urey experiment), Darwinism, Neo-Darwinism, evidence of evolution (fossil record, comparative anatomy — homologous and analogous organs, embryology, biochemical evidence), speciation (allopatric and sympatric), Hardy-Weinberg principle, types of natural selection, human evolution milestones.

Human health and disease: pathogens (bacteria, virus, protozoa, fungi, helminths), immunity (innate and acquired, active and passive, vaccines), drugs and alcohol abuse, cancer (types, oncogenes, diagnosis, treatment), AIDS; Enhancement in food production: animal husbandry (dairy, poultry, fisheries), plant breeding (hybridisation, mutation breeding, polyploidy, biofortification), tissue culture (micropropagation, somatic hybridisation); Microbes in human welfare: sewage treatment (primary and secondary), biogas production, antibiotics (penicillin), biocontrol agents, biofertilisers.

Principles: recombinant DNA technology tools (restriction enzymes, vectors — plasmids and bacteriophages, PCR, gel electrophoresis, bioreactors, downstream processing); Applications: genetically modified organisms (Bt cotton, Bt brinjal, Golden Rice), gene therapy, molecular diagnosis (ELISA, DNA probes), ethical issues (biopiracy, GMO regulations, GEAC in India).