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Force is the basic pull/push to an object, denoted by F=m x a, while Momentum is the change within the motion of an object caused by Force. While Force’s direction depends upon the acceleration of the object, Momentum depends on the object’s velocity. the value of Momentum changes depending on the duration the force is applied to the object.
While both Force and Momentum are vector quantities, the reason behind them being that is different as force is vector due to acceleration being vector whereas momentum is vector because of velocity being vector, both of which can be found in their derivative formulas.
Read Also: Unit of Moment of Inertia
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Key Words: Force, Momentum, Object, Acceleration, Velocity.
What is Force?
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Force is an action that's applied externally to an object and changes the object’s motion. Pushing or pulling are often categorised as an act of force on an object. Force changes the velocity of an object with mass, which includes putting a body to rest or moving a body to rest.
According to Newton's laws, the net force that is applied to an object is the same as the rate of change of momentum with time.
If mass remains constant, The acceleration is directly proportional to the applied net force, if the mass stays the same. Force can be written as a formula as Force = mass x acceleration. Force is a vector quantity, having both magnitude and direction. It is a vector quantity because acceleration is vector and while mass is constant and thus the Force is a vector quantity. Force is often categorised into Contact (Mechanical Force) or Non-Contact (Gravitational Force), and also as balanced or unbalanced.
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What is Momentum?
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Newton said that momentum, translational momentum, simply momentum or linear momentum is when mass is multiplied with velocity. Momentum is a vector quantity as mass is constant and velocity is a vector quantity.
Momentum’s formula M = mass x velocity. Newton’s 2nd law states that the momentum of a body is equal to the force applied to it. Momentum is conserved when it comes to special relativity but it is in modified formation when we consider quantum mechanics, electrodynamics, quantum field theory and general relativity
While playing carrom, as you hit the striker to destroy the formation of the discs, it happens when the striker’s energy is transferred to the discs, their momentum becomes greater than zero. Momentum is observed when the velocity of an object is greater than its mass, as only then its inertia will change.
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Difference Between Force and Momentum
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Force and Momentum have many notable differences between them. Some of them have been discussed below in a tabular form.
| Force | Momentum |
|---|---|
| The direction of the force depends on the acceleration. | The direction of the momentum depends upon the direction of the velocity. |
| As time increases, the amount of force decreases. (if the momentum is constant) | Momentum increases as time increases. |
| Force exists even when the object is stationary | The momentum remains zero when the object is stationary. |
| Force can be from contact or no contact between objects. | Momentum happens when force is unbalanced and acts on the body. |
| Force= mass x acceleration | Momentum= mass x velocity |
Check Also: Angular Momentum
Things to Remember
- Force is an action that is applied externally to an object and changes the item’s motion.
- Pushing or pulling is also classified as an act of force on an object.
- Force can be used to alternate the velocity of an item with mass, which includes placing a body to rest or shifting a body to relaxation.
- According to Newton's laws, the net pressure applied to an object is similar to the velocity of change of momentum with time.
- If mass remains constant, The acceleration could be immediately proportional to the carried out net force, if the mass stays equal.
- Force can be written as a formula as Force = mass x acceleration.
- Force is a vector amount, having each magnitude and direction.
- It is a vector quantity because acceleration is vector and even as mass is constant and for this reason, the Force is a vector amount.
- Forces may be categorised into Contact (Mechanical Force) or Non-Contact (Gravitational Force), and additionally as balanced or unbalanced.
- Momentum’s method M = mass x speed.
- According to Newton’s second law, the momentum of a frame is the same as the pressure applied to it.
- Momentum is conserved while it comes to big relativity but it is in modified formation while we don't forget quantum mechanics, electrodynamics, quantum area idea and trendy relativity
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Sample Questions
Ques: How does Force Relate to Momentum? (2 marks)
Ans: If you know the amount of force to use, you convert its momentum with the implemented force. Force defines the rate with which the momentum of an item changes. Momentum is all about the movement of an object. If an item moves at a double pace, its momentum doubles, Force motive the exchange in the momentum of the item as you exchange its velocity. So, momentum is a couple of forces and time. But if you keep making use of force for a particular time, it'll exchange its momentum. It follows the third law of movement by way of Newton.
Ques: How does Momentum work? Give a Real-time Example. (3 marks)
Ans: Momentum can be thought of as an automobile moving at excessive speed. Fast walks, cars could have high momentum, and when they get hit, it causes a variety of harm, and we get injured. A car collides because of a sudden change in speed and, thus, the carried-out force. Although an automobile is small, it has large momentum because of excessive speed. Every activity that brings movement is related to momentum. Now suppose, if you throw a cricket ball with a different pace, it will have distinctive momentum. Hence the momentum of two gadgets with equal mass is all dependent upon the speed.
Ques: What is the difference between force and momentum? Why is it not f=mv anymore? (5 marks)
Ans: The momentum of an item is described as its mass multiplied by its speed. (In Newton’s time, it was called its “motion”.) Forces are interactions among objects - with every item experiencing identical and contrary forces due to the interplay. So momentum and force are different things. But they're associated within the following way: If all of the forces performing on an object at any given time are taken into consideration, the item’s momentum is modified in a specific way. That is, the vector momentum is the same as the vector sum of all the forces that act on it.
If F represents the vector sum of all of the forces on some item of mass m, and if p represents the object’s momentum (i.E., p=mv), then F=dp/dt. But that means that F=m(dv/dt)=ma.
It’s worth noting that force isn’t described using the mass instances with the acceleration inside the equal way as momentum is described with the aid of the mass instances and their rate. F=ma is a result and no longer a definition. Forces are interactions between items that cause objects to change their motion.
Ques: How do you cause force and momentum? (2 marks)
Ans: A force is a push or a pull that can be generated by many exceptional methods. You can push with your hand or pull with a rope. Momentum is present every time an item is moving since momentum, p = m x v. So any item that has mass and is moving has momentum.
Ques: How do force and momentum apply to a pass in volleyball? (4 marks)
Ans: The passer of the ball applies a force that imparts momentum F=dp/dt to the ball. Unless other forces are appearing on the ball it continues within the route of the momentum the passer imparted to it till the receiver of the pass applies force to lessen its momentum so that it stops in his palms.
There will be a small pressure because of aerodynamic drag (proportional to the rectangular of the rate of the ball and its move sectional location) performing on the ball at the same time as it is being passed between them so its momentum will not be constant, but reducing slightly at some stage in the past. It is also subject to the force of gravity if you want to impart a vertical downwards speed to the ball. The passer generally could perspective the ball upwards to counter the effect of gravity all through the skip (assuming of the route that he/she doesn’t intend to dance it off the ground throughout the skip).
Ques: Why is force = mass x acceleration? What is the difference between force and momentum? (4 marks)
Ans: Force is said to be the "push” or “pull” on an object with mass to accelerate it. For instance, the engine of your vehicle produces enough force to triumph over friction, and thus your car can boost up. When the force produced by the engine is the same as a frictional force - you may travel at an equal speed.
Momentum has an exciting definition: sincerely, it’s the “amount” of movement that something has, and is measured via multiplying its mass through its velocity.
While we're all familiar with Newton’s Second Law: F=ma, we can also define Force mathematically to be F = dp/dt, where dp is expressed as momentum and dt as time.
If momentum is Mass x Velocity, something that changes an object’s momentum should accelerate or slow down it. That something is Force.
Ques: Are the SI unit of force and momentum different? Explain. (2 marks)
Ans: No they are not. The SI unit of force is Newton even as the units of momentum are kg m s−1. However, a Newton is a derived unit, and can also be expressed as kg m s−2, so there is a courting. That's not unexpected because force is identical to the rate of exchange of momentum. So if a net force of one N is implemented on an object, its charge of the change of momentum will be 1 kg m s−2. That is it'll increase by 1 kg m s−1 every second.
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