NCERT Solutions Class 11 Computer Science Chapter 3 2026-27

Expert view: Identify the exact technology first, then add the definition and example.

1. Common storage services include Google Drive, Microsoft OneDrive, Dropbox and iCloud.
2. Common software services include Google Docs, Microsoft Office 365, Gmail and web-based photo backup.
3. Video meetings, online classrooms and browser-based coding platforms also work as cloud-based services.
4. The exact list can vary by student, but each example should run through the Internet and store or process data on remote servers.

Final answer: Examples include Google Drive, Gmail, Google Docs, Microsoft OneDrive, Office 365, Dropbox, iCloud, online classroom tools and cloud photo backup services.

Expert view: Identify the exact technology first, then add the definition and example.

1. IoT connects things such as sensors, cameras, appliances, vehicles and wearables to a network.
2. These devices collect data from their surroundings and share it with other devices or applications.
3. Potential applications include smart homes, smart cities, healthcare monitoring, smart agriculture, vehicle tracking and industrial safety.
4. The purpose is to reduce manual checking and let devices work together in an intelligent network.

Final answer: The Internet of Things is a network of smart devices with embedded hardware and software that communicate and exchange data. Its applications include smart homes, health monitoring, smart cities, agriculture, transport and industrial monitoring.

Expert view: Identify the exact technology first, then add the definition and example.

1. Cloud computing delivers services such as storage, servers, databases and software over the Internet.
2. It lets users access resources from anywhere and usually charges according to use.
3. Big data means very large and complex data sets that ordinary processing tools cannot handle easily.
4. Its five characteristics are Volume, Velocity, Variety, Veracity and Value.

Final answer: Cloud computing provides storage, software, servers and other computing resources over the Internet on demand. Big data refers to huge, complex data sets. Its key characteristics are Volume, Velocity, Variety, Veracity and Value.

Expert view: Identify the exact technology first, then add the definition and example.

1. Artificial Intelligence makes machines imitate cognitive functions such as learning, decision-making and problem solving.
2. AI applications include digital assistants, route suggestions, face recognition, robotics and automated customer service.
3. Machine Learning uses data and statistical methods so a model can learn patterns without being explicitly programmed for every case.
4. Machine Learning applications include predictions, recommendation systems, spam filtering, image recognition and demand forecasting.

Final answer: Artificial Intelligence makes machines act intelligently, as seen in assistants, maps, face tagging and robots. Machine Learning is a branch of AI where models learn from data and make predictions, such as recommendations, spam filters and image recognition.

Expert view: Identify the exact technology first, then add the definition and example.

1. Cloud computing is service-oriented. A provider gives storage, servers, platforms or software over the Internet.
2. Grid computing is task-oriented. Many distributed nodes temporarily join to solve a large computational problem.
3. In cloud computing, examples include AWS virtual servers, Google Drive storage and Office 365 software.
4. In grid computing, examples include research projects that split a scientific calculation across many computers.
5. Cloud users rent services on demand. Grid participants share processing power or data resources for a common goal.

Final answer: Cloud computing provides paid or free online services such as storage, software and virtual servers. Grid computing links many geographically distributed computers to work on one large task. AWS storage is a cloud example, while a scientific processor grid is a grid example.

Expert view: Identify the exact technology first, then add the definition and example.

1. A user does not need to buy large storage devices before starting work.
2. The cloud provider manages storage infrastructure, maintenance, backup and security tools.
3. Users can increase or decrease storage according to need and pay according to usage.
4. Files can be accessed quickly from any Internet-connected device.
5. Sharing and backup also take less time because data is already online.

Final answer: Cloud storage saves cost because users pay for needed storage instead of buying and maintaining large hardware. It saves time because files, backup, sharing and scaling are available through the Internet on demand.

Expert view: Identify the exact technology first, then add the definition and example.

1. On-demand service means a user can request a resource when required and stop using it when the need is over.
2. Cloud providers keep large pools of servers, storage, platforms and software ready.
3. A user selects the required service, such as storage, a virtual machine or an online application.
4. The provider allocates that resource through the Internet and charges according to usage or subscription.

Final answer: On-demand service means getting computing resources whenever they are needed. In cloud computing, providers offer ready storage, servers, platforms or software through the Internet and usually charge on a pay-per-use or subscription basis.

Expert view: Identify the exact technology first, then add the definition and example.

1. A government provided cloud computing platform in India is GI Cloud, named MeghRaj.
2. It is meant to support government departments with cloud infrastructure and services.
3. Large private cloud providers include Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud, IBM Cloud and Oracle Cloud.
4. They provide services such as virtual machines, storage, databases, application hosting, analytics and machine learning tools.

Final answer: The Government of India's cloud platform is GI Cloud, also called MeghRaj. Private providers include AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud, IBM Cloud and Oracle Cloud. They offer virtual servers, storage, databases, app hosting, analytics and AI tools.

Expert view: Identify the exact technology first, then add the definition and example.

1. The requirement mentions virtual server provisioning.
2. It also mentions on-demand storage.
3. These are infrastructure resources, not a ready-made application.
4. The company wants to combine them into its own platform for customised applications.
5. Therefore, the matching cloud model is Infrastructure as a Service.

Final answer: The correct option is (d) Infrastructure as a Service.

Expert view: Identify the exact technology first, then add the definition and example.

1. E-textbooks can be provided through tablets or a school learning portal, with updates pushed online.
2. Smart boards can connect to the Internet, display digital lessons and save classroom notes.
3. Online tests can run through a secure platform that records responses and marks objective questions automatically.
4. Wi-Fi sensors on classroom doors can log entry, occupancy or door status for safety and room management.
5. Bus sensors with GPS can send location updates to the school and parents.
6. Wearables can record attendance when a student enters the school or classroom zone.

Final answer: A smart school can use e-textbook portals, Internet-connected smart boards, online testing platforms, Wi-Fi door sensors, GPS sensors in buses and wearable devices for attendance. Each device should collect data and share it with the school system.

Expert view: Identify the exact technology first, then add the definition and example.

1. They can host their website or app on rented cloud servers instead of buying physical servers.
2. They can store files and user data in cloud storage with backup.
3. They can use managed databases, email, collaboration tools and analytics from cloud providers.
4. They can start with a small plan and scale resources when more users join.
5. This reduces setup time, maintenance work and upfront investment.

Final answer: They can rent cloud servers, storage, databases, email, collaboration tools and analytics instead of buying hardware. They can begin with a low-cost plan, launch faster, and scale resources only when the startup grows.

Expert view: Identify the exact technology first, then add the definition and example.

1. Each scholarship application can be recorded as a transaction with student ID, eligibility status and approval stage.
2. Departments, schools and banks can act as authorised nodes that validate updates.
3. Once approved, the payment transaction can be added to the ledger and traced later.
4. Duplicate applications and unauthorised edits become easier to detect because every node keeps a copy.
5. Students can track the status transparently, while auditors can check delays or irregular payments.
6. This improves accountability, transparency and efficiency in scholarship distribution.

Final answer: Blockchain can record scholarship applications, verification, approval and payment as authenticated ledger entries. Since authorised nodes share the same record, duplicate claims, hidden edits and payment delays become easier to trace. This can make scholarship distribution more transparent and accountable.

Expert view: Identify the exact technology first, then add the definition and example.

1. IoT creates a network of connected devices that collect and exchange data.
2. WoT builds on IoT by using web services as a common interface for those devices.
3. Without WoT, different IoT devices may need different apps.
4. With WoT, devices can be integrated through the web, helping smart homes, smart offices and smart cities work together.

Final answer: IoT connects smart devices to communicate and exchange data. WoT is related to IoT because it uses web services and web standards to connect, access and integrate those IoT devices through a common web-based interface.

Expert view: Identify the exact technology first, then add the definition and example.

1. A medicine reminder is connected with health monitoring, so 1 matches Smart Health.
2. A door lock alert is a home control feature, so 2 matches Home Automation.
3. A message about nearby parking space is a parking service, so 3 matches Smart Parking.
4. Controlling a device through a wrist watch uses a wearable device, so 4 matches Smart Wearable.

Final answer: 1-D, 2-C, 3-A, 4-B.