KSEEB Class 10 Syllabus 2027: Subject Wise Topics, Weightage and PDF Download

Euclid’s Division Lemma; Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic; Irrational numbers and their proofs; Decimal representation of rational numbers (terminating and non-terminating); HCF and LCM using prime factorisation.

Zeros of a polynomial; Geometrical meaning of zeros; Relationship between zeros and coefficients of quadratic and cubic polynomials; Division Algorithm for polynomials.

Graphical representation; Conditions for consistency; Algebraic methods: Substitution, Elimination, Cross-multiplication; Equations reducible to a pair of linear equations.

Standard form of a quadratic equation; Solution by factorisation; Completing the square; Quadratic formula; Nature of roots (discriminant); Word problems based on quadratic equations.

Definition and general term of an AP; nth term formula; Sum of first n terms (Sn); Applications of AP in everyday situations.

Similar figures; Criteria for similarity of triangles (AA, SAS, SSS); Basic Proportionality Theorem (Thales’ Theorem) and its converse; Areas of similar triangles; Pythagoras Theorem and its converse; Proof-based questions from this chapter appear in every SSLC exam.

Distance formula; Section formula (internal and external division); Mid-point formula; Area of a triangle using coordinates; Collinearity of three points.

Trigonometric ratios (sin, cos, tan, cosec, sec, cot); Ratios for specific angles (0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°); Trigonometric identities; Complementary angle relationships.

Angle of elevation; Angle of depression; Heights and distances problems involving towers, buildings, and landmarks; Problems involving two angles of observation.

Tangent to a circle at a point; Number of tangents from an external point (zero, one, two); Theorem: tangent perpendicular to radius at point of contact; Length of tangent from an external point.

Division of a line segment in a given ratio; Construction of triangles similar to a given triangle; Construction of tangents to a circle from an external point.

Circumference and area of a circle; Area of a sector; Area of a segment; Area of combinations of plane figures (circle with triangle, rectangle, square).

Surface area and volume of combinations of solids (cube, cuboid, cylinder, cone, sphere, hemisphere); Conversion of one solid into another; Volume and surface area of frustum of a cone.

Mean of grouped data (Direct, Assumed Mean, Step Deviation methods); Median of grouped data; Mode of grouped data; Cumulative frequency distribution; Drawing and interpreting ogive (less than and more than type).

Classical definition of probability; Simple events and compound events; Probability of complementary events; Problems on coins, dice, cards, and coloured balls.

Laws of reflection; Plane and spherical mirrors (concave, convex); Mirror formula and magnification; Refraction of light; Laws of refraction (Snell’s Law); Refractive index; Lens formula and power of a lens; Human eye lens vs optical lens comparison.

Structure and functioning of the human eye; Power of accommodation; Defects of vision (myopia, hypermetropia, presbyopia) and their correction; Refraction of light through a glass prism; Dispersion; Atmospheric refraction; Scattering of light (Tyndall effect, blue sky, red sunrise/sunset).

Electric current and potential difference; Ohm’s Law and its limitations; Resistance and factors affecting it; Resistors in series and parallel; Heating effect of electric current; Joule’s Law; Electric power and energy; Safe domestic wiring practices.

Magnetic field and field lines; Field due to a current-carrying conductor; Right-hand thumb rule; Field due to a circular loop and solenoid; Force on a current-carrying conductor; Fleming’s Left-Hand Rule; Electric motor; Electromagnetic induction; Fleming’s Right-Hand Rule; Electric generator; AC vs DC.

Good source of energy characteristics; Conventional sources (fossil fuels, thermal power, hydropower); Non-conventional sources (solar energy, wind energy, biogas, ocean energy, geothermal energy, nuclear energy); Environmental consequences; Trends in energy use.

Writing and balancing chemical equations; Types of chemical reactions: combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement; Oxidation and reduction; Exothermic and endothermic reactions; Corrosion and rancidity.

Chemical properties of acids and bases; Reaction with metals, metal oxides/hydroxides/carbonates; pH scale and its significance; Salts — preparation, properties, and uses; pH in everyday life (soil, digestive system, tooth decay); Preparation and uses of NaOH, bleaching powder, baking soda, washing soda, plaster of Paris.

Physical and chemical properties of metals and non-metals; Reactivity series; Ionic compound formation; Extraction of metals (highly reactive, moderately reactive, less reactive); Refining; Corrosion and its prevention; Alloys.

Covalent bonding in carbon; Versatile nature of carbon (catenation, tetravalency); Saturated and unsaturated carbon compounds; Homologous series; IUPAC nomenclature; Functional groups; Important reactions (combustion, oxidation, addition, substitution); Ethanol and ethanoic acid properties; Soaps and detergents.

Early attempts at classification (Döbereiner’s Triads, Newlands’ Law of Octaves); Mendeleev’s Periodic Table and its merits/limitations; Modern Periodic Table (18 groups, 7 periods); Periodic trends: valency, atomic size, metallic character, electronegativity.

Nutrition: autotrophic (photosynthesis) and heterotrophic; Human digestive system; Respiration (aerobic and anaerobic); Transportation in plants (xylem, phloem) and humans (heart, blood, blood vessels); Excretion in plants and humans (nephron, dialysis).

Nervous system: neurons, nerve impulse; Reflex action and reflex arc; Human brain (forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain); Hormones in animals (endocrine glands, feedback mechanism); Hormones in plants (auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, abscisic acid); Tropic movements.

Importance of variation; Asexual reproduction (fission, fragmentation, regeneration, budding, vegetative propagation, spore formation); Sexual reproduction in flowering plants (pollination, fertilisation); Reproduction in human beings; Reproductive health and contraception.

Mendel’s laws of inheritance (monohybrid and dihybrid crosses); Chromosomes and DNA; Sex determination in humans; Acquired vs inherited traits; Evolution and natural selection; Speciation; Evidence for evolution; Human evolution.

Ecosystem — components and types; Food chains and food webs; Trophic levels and energy flow (10% law); Biodegradable vs non-biodegradable waste; Ozone layer and its depletion; Management of garbage.

Need for management of natural resources; Forests and wildlife — stakeholders and conservation; Water conservation and rainwater harvesting; Coal and petroleum conservation; 3Rs: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle.