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Antibiotics fight against bacterial infection when our immune system becomes weak or fails to fight against it. Therefore it is prescribed by doctors to stop further infections in the body and cure the disease fast. In the year 1928 Alexander Fleming a Scottish bacteriologist discovered penicillin which was later renamed penicillin-G while studying the properties of staphylococcus bacteria in his own laboratory. He was awarded the Nobel prize for the same and created a revolution in a small horizon of knowledge of antibiotics that existed and actually reduced the number of deaths in those days all over the globe. The mechanism of action differs among different types of antibiotics. Usually, antibiotics are studied under two different categories:
- i) Broad-spectrum and narrow-spectrum antibiotics.
- ii) Bactericidal & Bacteriostatic antibiotics.
MCQs on Antibiotics
Ques 1. Which among the following is not a bacteriostatic antibiotic?
- Tetracyclines
- Sulfonamides
- Cephalosporins
- None of the above
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Ans. C) Cephalosporins
Explanation- Cephalosporins falls in the class of bactericidal antibiotics because it kills the bacteria by destroying its cell wall on the contrary tetracyclines & sulfonamides falls in the class of bacteriostatic antibiotics which means that it does not kill the bacteria instead it retards its growth. For more clarity tetracyclines inhibit protein synthesis and Sulfonamides inhibit folic acid production in bacteria which further inhibits bacteria’s reproduction.
Ques 2. Match the following types of antibiotics with their correct mechanism of action.
A. Tetracyclines - i) Prevents cross-linking of beta-lactam ring to DD-transpeptidase
B) Sulfonamides - ii) Kills cells of the bacteria
c) Cephalosporins -iii) Retards synthesis of protein.
d) Penicillin - iv) Retards synthesis of folic acid.
- a-iii,b-iv,c-ii,d-i
- a-i,b-ii,c-iii,d-iv
- a-ii,b-iv,c-iii,d-i
- a-iii,b-i,c-ii,d-iv
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Ans. A) a-iii,b-iv,c-ii,d-i
Explanation- Mechanism of action for the above antibiotics are as follows
- Tetracyclines- a bacteriostatic antibiotic, which retards the growth & development of bacteria by inhibiting its protein synthesis.
- Sulfonamides- a bacteriostatic antibiotic consisting of a sulfur group, which retards the growth & development of antibiotics by inhibiting the production of folic acid.
- Cephalosporins-a bactericidal antibiotics kill the bacteria by attacking its cell wall.
- Penicillin- a bactericidal antibiotic, kills the bacteria by preventing cross-linking of beta-lactam ring to DD-transpeptidase
Ques 3. ______ are the class of antibiotics that kills the bacteria and is effective against a wide range of disease-causing bacteria.
- A) Narrow spectrum antibiotics
- B) Broad-spectrum antibiotics
- C) Bactericidal antibiotics
- D) Both B &C
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Ans- D) Both B &C
Explanation- Broad-spectrum antibiotics kill or retard the growth of a wide range of disease-causing bacteria and usually acts on both gram-negative & gram-positive bacteria. In addition to this broad-spectrum antibiotics which achieve the above purpose by directly killing the bacteria without retarding its growth is known as bactericidal antibiotics.
Ques 4. The credit for the discovery is given to
- A) Adolf Hoffman
- B) Adolf Mayer
- C) Paul Ehrlich
- D) Alexander fleming
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Ans- D) Alexander fleming
Explanation- In the year 1928 Alexander Fleming a Scottish bacteriologist discovered penicillin which was later renamed penicillin-G while studying the properties of staphylococcus bacteria in his own laboratory. He was awarded the Nobel prize for the same and created a revolution in a small horizon of knowledge of antibiotics that existed and actually reduced the number of deaths in those days all over the globe.
Ques 5. Match the following antibiotics with the most correct option.
- a) Penicillin G - i) Broad spectrum
- b) Amoxicillin - ii) Narrow spectrum
- c) Tetracycline - iii) Bactericidal
- d) Penicillin - iv) Bacteriostatic
- a-ii,b-i,c-iv,d-iii
- a-i,b-ii,c-iv,d-iii
- a-iv,b-ii,c-iii,d-i
- a-i,b-ii,c-iii,d-iv
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Ans- A) a-ii,b-i,c-iv,d-iii
Explanation- Penicillin G - It is classified as a narrow-spectrum antibiotic because it is effective on gram-positive bacteria.
Amoxicillin is classified as broad-spectrum bacteria because it is effective on both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
Tetracycline is a bacteriostatic antibiotic, which retards the growth & development of bacteria by inhibiting its protein synthesis.
Penicillin- a bactericidal antibiotic, kills the bacteria by preventing cross-linking of beta-lactam ring to DD-transpeptidase.
Ques 6. Assertion(A)- Antibiotics are usually prescribed by doctors or physicians because
Reason(R)- Antibiotics are drugs that fight against bacteria by either destroying them or inhibiting their reproduction cycle.
- A) A is correct but R is Incorrect
- B) Both A & R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A
- C) Both A & R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
- D) Both A&R are incorrect.
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Ans - C) Both A & R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation- Antibiotics fights against bacterial infection when our immune system becomes weak or fails to fight against it. Therefore it is prescribed by doctors to stop further infections in the body and cure the disease fast.
Also Read -
Ques 7. Assertion(A)- Our body can never develop resistance to antibiotics.
Reason(R)- It is actually the bacterias & fungi which becomes resistant and wins the race of survival.
- A) A is correct but R is Incorrect
- B) both A & R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A
- C) both A & R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
D)both A&R are incorrect.
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Ans- C) both A & R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation- Bacterias & Fungi adapt and evolve in response to antibiotics. This is the basic evolutionary science taking place within every living organism i.e, they advance themselves and overcome the challenge of survival.
Ques 8. Which of the given statements are correct for penicillin.
i)benzylpenicillin is the chemical name for penicillin V
ii)penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming
iii)penicillin is bactericidal in nature
- iv) All penicillin have beta-lactam-thiazolidine rings with different side chains.
- v) penicillin-G is a narrow-spectrum antibiotic drug.
- A) Only (i) is false
- B) i,ii,iii are true
- c) All statements are false except i.
- d) i,ii,iii,iv,v are true
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Ans- A) Only i) is false
Explanation- benzylpenicillin is the chemical name for penicillin G and its discovery is credited to Alexander Fleming. It falls under the category of a bactericidal and narrow-spectrum antibiotic.
Ques 9. A doctor prescribed a streptomycin antibiotic to one of his young patients suffering from tuberculosis, which among the following statements is true regarding streptomycin.
- A) Streptomyces griseus produces streptomycin, isolated by Schatz, Bugie and Waksman, in 1944.
- B) Streptomyces noursei produces streptomycin, isolated by Bugie and Waksman, in 1945.
- C) Streptomyces nodosus produces streptomycin, isolated by Bugie and Waksman, in 1946.
- D) Streptomyces fradiae produces streptomycin, isolated by Bugie and Waksman, in 1960.
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Ans - A) Streptomyces griseus produces streptomycin, isolated by Bugie and Waksman, in 1944.
Explanation- Streptomycin discovery is credited to the scientists Schatz, Bugie and Waksman. This drug is usually prescribed for the treatment of Tuberculosis. It falls under the category of bacteriostatic antibiotics and it retards bacterial growth either by inhibiting peptidoglycan or protein synthesis.
Ques 10. Which of the following is not considered as the side-effect of antibiotics.
- A) Allergy & Rashes
- B) Balanced sleep-wake cycle
- C) Insomnia
- D) Mood swings
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Ans- B) Balanced sleep-wake cycle
Explanation- Following are some of the side-effects of antibiotic
- vomiting.
- nausea (feeling like you may vomit)
- diarrhea.
- bloating and indigestion.
- abdominal pain.
- loss of appetite.
On the other hand, Balanced sleep-wake-cycle is a positive terminology that means proper sleeping & waking habits.
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