MSBSHSE HSC Syllabus 2027: Subject-Wise Topics, Weightage and PDF Download

SI units, dimensional analysis, significant figures, errors in measurements, measurement of length, mass, and time.

Vectors: addition, subtraction, scalar and cross products; differentiation and integration as applied to physics problems.

Projectile motion, uniform circular motion, relative velocity in two dimensions.

Newton’s laws, inertia, momentum, impulse, friction — static, kinetic, and rolling.

Newton’s law of gravitation, gravitational potential energy, escape velocity, orbital velocity, Kepler’s laws.

Stress, strain, Hooke’s law, Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, modulus of rigidity, elastic potential energy.

Temperature scales, thermal expansion, specific heat, calorimetry, change of state, latent heat, modes of heat transfer.

Wave motion, speed of sound, Doppler effect, resonance, stationary waves, beats.

Reflection, refraction, lenses, mirrors, total internal reflection, optical instruments — microscope and telescope.

Coulomb’s law, electric field, electric potential, capacitance, dielectrics, energy stored in a capacitor.

Ohm’s law, resistance, series and parallel circuits, Kirchhoff’s laws, Wheatstone bridge, meter bridge, potentiometer.

Bar magnets, magnetic field, magnetic moment, torque on a bar magnet, earth’s magnetic field, tangent galvanometer.

Displacement current, Maxwell’s equations (qualitative), electromagnetic spectrum, modulation — AM and FM, basic communication system.

Angular velocity, angular acceleration, torque, moment of inertia, theorems of parallel and perpendicular axes, rolling motion, angular momentum.

Pressure in fluids, Pascal’s law, Archimedes’ principle, surface tension, viscosity, Stokes’ law, Bernoulli’s theorem.

Ideal gas equation, kinetic theory assumptions, RMS speed, degrees of freedom, equipartition of energy, mean free path; radiation — Stefan-Boltzmann and Wien’s laws, Kirchhoff’s law.

Zeroth, first, and second laws; internal energy, heat, work; isothermal, adiabatic, isochoric, isobaric processes; Carnot cycle, efficiency.

SHM, equations of motion, energy in SHM, simple pendulum, spring-mass system, resonance, damped oscillations.

Principle of superposition, stationary waves, modes of vibration of strings and air columns, beats, Doppler effect.

Huygens’ principle, interference — Young’s double slit experiment, diffraction, polarization, Brewster’s law, resolving power.

Gauss’s law and its applications, electric potential, potential energy of a system of charges, conductors and insulators in electric field.

EMF, terminal voltage, internal resistance, cells in series and parallel, Kirchhoff’s laws applications, potentiometer experiments.

Biot-Savart law, Ampere’s law, magnetic field due to solenoid and toroid, force on a current-carrying conductor, moving coil galvanometer.

Magnetization, susceptibility, permeability, diamagnetic, paramagnetic, and ferromagnetic materials, hysteresis loop.

Faraday’s laws, Lenz’s law, motional EMF, self and mutual inductance, energy stored in an inductor.

Alternating current, RMS values, phasors, AC circuits with R, L, C; series LCR circuit, resonance, power factor, transformers.

Photoelectric effect, Einstein’s equation, work function, de Broglie hypothesis, wave nature of electrons, Davisson-Germer experiment.

Rutherford model, Bohr model of hydrogen atom, hydrogen spectrum, nuclear forces, binding energy, radioactivity, nuclear fission and fusion.

p-n junction diode, half-wave and full-wave rectifier, Zener diode, LED, photodiode, solar cell; bipolar junction transistor, logic gates.

Mole concept, stoichiometry, limiting reagents, empirical and molecular formulas, percentage composition.

Wet analysis, systematic qualitative analysis, importance of analytical chemistry.

Sublimation, crystallisation, distillation, chromatography, solvent extraction.

Rutherford and Bohr models, quantum numbers, orbitals, electronic configuration, Aufbau principle, Hund’s rule.

Ionic, covalent, and coordinate bonds; VSEPR theory, hybridization, molecular orbital theory, hydrogen bonding.

Oxidation states, balancing redox equations using ion-electron method and oxidation-number method.

Periodic trends: atomic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity, metallic character.

Properties of alkali and alkaline earth metals, compounds — oxides, hydroxides, carbonates; anomalous properties of lithium and beryllium.

Boron, carbon, nitrogen families; allotropy of carbon and phosphorus; important compounds.

Position of hydrogen in periodic table, isotopes, preparation and properties, hydrides, water and hydrogen peroxide.

Types of adsorption, adsorption isotherms, colloids, sols, gels, emulsions, Tyndall effect, coagulation.

Law of mass action, Kc and Kp, Le Chatelier’s principle, relationship between Kc and Kp.

Alpha, beta, gamma decay; half-life; nuclear reactions, binding energy, nuclear fission and fusion.

IUPAC nomenclature, isomerism, inductive and resonance effects, hyperconjugation, types of organic reactions and intermediates.

Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons — preparation, properties, and reactions; addition, substitution, elimination mechanisms.

Soaps and detergents, polymers in daily use, drugs and medicines, food additives, nanomaterials basics.

Crystal systems, unit cells, packing in solids, defects, electrical and magnetic properties of solids.

Molality, molarity, mole fraction, Henry’s law, Raoult’s law, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, van’t Hoff factor.

Acids and bases (Arrhenius, Brønsted–Lowry, Lewis concepts), Ka, Kb, pH, buffer solutions, solubility product.

Enthalpy, entropy, Gibbs free energy, spontaneity, Hess’s law, thermochemical equations.

Galvanic cells, standard electrode potentials, Nernst equation, electrolytic cells, Faraday’s laws, conductance, batteries and fuel cells.

Rate of reaction, rate laws, order and molecularity, integrated rate equations, Arrhenius equation, activation energy, catalysis.

Oxygen family, halogen family, noble gases — preparation, properties, and important compounds; ozone layer.

d-block and f-block elements, variable oxidation states, coloured compounds, catalytic behaviour, lanthanides and actinides.

IUPAC nomenclature, Werner’s theory, isomerism in coordination compounds, crystal field theory, applications.

Classification, IUPAC names, SN1 and SN2 reactions, elimination, Grignard reagents, uses of halogen compounds.

Classification, preparation and properties, Lucas test, reactions of phenols, Williamson synthesis for ethers.

Nucleophilic addition reactions, aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, carboxylic acids — acidity, esterification, Hell–Volhard–Zelinsky reaction.

Classification, basicity, preparation, Hinsberg test, diazonium salts and coupling reactions.

Carbohydrates, proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), vitamins, hormones.

Addition and condensation polymerization, natural and synthetic polymers, biodegradable polymers.

Principles of green chemistry, atom economy, nanotechnology basics, carbon nanotubes and fullerenes.

Degree and radian measures, arc length, area of sector, conversion between units.

Trig ratios, identities, general solutions; sum/difference formulae, multiple angles; product-to-sum and sum-to-product formulae.

Locus equation; slope-intercept, normal, parametric forms; standard equations of circle, parabola, ellipse, hyperbola.

Determinants of orders 2 and 3, properties, Cramer’s rule; matrix types, operations, inverse.

Complex arithmetic, polar form, De Moivre’s theorem; AP, GP, HP; nPr and nCr; binomial expansion, general and middle terms.

Types of sets, Venn diagrams, set operations; relations, equivalence; one-to-one, onto, inverse, composite functions.

Standard limits; derivatives of basic functions, product and quotient rules; indefinite integration using substitution.

Mean, median, mode; variance and standard deviation; correlation and regression basics.

Propositions, logical connectives, truth tables, tautology, contradiction, logical equivalences, quantifiers.

Types of matrices, operations, transpose, inverse using elementary row operations, solving systems of equations.

Principal values, domain and range, properties and identities of inverse trig functions.

Combined equation, angle between pair of lines, conditions for perpendicularity and coincidence, homogeneous equations.

Scalar and vector products, triple products, vector equations, applications to geometry.

Equations of a line in 3D, equations of a plane, distance of a point from a plane, angle between planes.

Formulation of LPP, graphical solution, feasible region, corner point method, optimisation.

Continuity at a point and interval; derivatives of composite, implicit, parametric, inverse functions; logarithmic differentiation; higher-order derivatives.

Tangents and normals, increasing/decreasing functions, maxima and minima, rate of change, approximations.

Substitution, integration by parts, partial fractions; definite integration and properties; area under a curve, area between two curves.

Order and degree, variable separable, homogeneous, and linear differential equations, applications.

Random variables, probability distributions, expectation and variance; Bernoulli trials, binomial distribution, mean and variance.

Characteristics of life, biodiversity, classification, nomenclature, taxonomic hierarchy; Whittaker’s five-kingdom system, tools of taxonomy.

Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms — general characters, life cycles, economic importance.

Root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit, seed; floral formulae; meristematic and permanent tissues, tissue systems, anatomy of dicot and monocot organs.

Asexual and sexual reproduction, flower structure, pollination, fertilization, development of endosperm and embryo, fruit and seed development.

Mendel’s laws, monohybrid and dihybrid crosses, incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles.

DNA and RNA structure, DNA replication, transcription, translation, genetic code, lac operon.

Light and dark reactions, Calvin cycle, C3 and C4 plants; glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, ATP synthesis.

Plant hormones — auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ABA, ethylene; photoperiodism; vernalisation; totipotency, callus, micropropagation, somaclonal variation.

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, organelles; carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids; cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis.

Classification — Porifera through Chordata; distinguishing characters, examples, and economic importance of each phylum.

Asexual and sexual reproduction, gametogenesis, fertilization, cleavage, blastulation, gastrulation; reproductive health, STDs, contraception.

Theories of origin of life, chemical evolution, Darwin’s theory, Neo-Darwinism, evidences of evolution, Hardy-Weinberg principle.

Immunity (innate and acquired), vaccines, allergies; bacterial, viral, protozoan diseases; cancer and AIDS; drugs and alcohol abuse.

Animal husbandry, plant breeding, biofortification, single cell protein; microbes in food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, biogas, biocontrol, biofertilizers.

Recombinant DNA technology, tools (restriction enzymes, vectors, PCR), cloning, GMOs, applications in medicine and agriculture, ethical issues.

Ecological adaptations, population dynamics, community ecology, energy flow, nutrient cycles, biodiversity and conservation, environmental issues.