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Human physiology refers to the study of the functioning of a human body. Human physiology tells us about the methods through which various chemical and physical reactions take place within the human body. It explains how the molecules work within a particular cell to how all the different organs work together within a body to keep it in proper state. Human physiology gives a detailed understanding of the body functions in order to create more appropriate and effective treatments against diseases.
Human Physiology
Multiple Choice Questions
Ques: In which type of dentition, a set of deciduous teeth is replaced by a set of permanent teeth?
- Heterodont
- Monophyodont
- Thecodont
- Diphyodont
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Ans: d) Diphyodont
Explanation: The dentition formula for an adult human being is 2 1 2 32 1 2 3 and for a child is 2 1 0 22 1 0 2. One molar and two premolars are monophyodont, that is they occur once in a lifetime.
Now, heterodont means different sets of teeth, diphyodont means two sets of teeth, thecodont means teeth embedded in gums.
Therefore, the answer comes out to be diphyodont.
Ques: The enzyme that is not present in pancreatic juice is
- Lipase
- Amylase
- Chymotrypsinogen
- Enterokinase
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Ans: d) Enterokinase
Explanation: Lipase is produced by pancreas, chymotrypsinogen is secreted in inactive form and is released into the duct via the pancreatic duct, amylase is predominantly secreted by pancreas but enterokinase is present in intestine and helps in converting trypsinogen to trypsin.
Ques: Stomach epithelial cells in the body secrete ________
- Hydrochloric acid
- Oxytocin
- Adrenaline
- Testosterone
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Ans: a) Hydrochloric acid
Explanation: Hydrochloric acid is a component of gastric juice and is secreted by parietal cells in the mucosa layer in the stomach, Oxytocin is secreted by the pituitary gland, adrenaline is a hormone and is secreted by adrenal gland, testosterone is secreted by the testes.
Therefore, the answer comes out to be hydrochloric acid.
Ques: ___________ are functional units of food absorption.
- Red blood cells
- Small intestine
- Villi
- Aggregated lymphoid nodules
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Ans: c) Villi
Explanation: Red blood cells help in transporting oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues, small intestine helps in absorbing nutrients and water from the food, aggregated lymphoid nodules help in monitoring intestinal bacterial population and preventing the growth of pathogenic bacteria in intestines and villi increase the surface area for more efficient food absorption.
Therefore, the answer will be villi.
Ques: Mammalian liver contains _________ cells that are phagocytic. Choose the option that fills the blank correctly.
- Argentaffin
- Paneth
- Zymogen
- Kupffer
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Ans: d) kupffer
Explanation: Argentaffin release hormones, Paneth cells are present in the small intestinal crypts of Lieberkühn and release lysozyme and other abundant antimicrobial proteins, zymogen release alpha amylase, trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, elastase, and lipase, and other digestive enzymes and Kupffer cells are present in the liver and play a role in pathogenesis and phagocytosis.
Therefore, the answer will be Kupffer cells.
Ques: A salivary gland situated in the cheek region is
- Sublingual gland
- Submandibular gland
- Parotid gland
- Tonsil
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Ans: c) Parotid gland
Explanation: Parotid glands are present in the front of the ear, submandibular glands are present in the lower jaw, sublingual glands are present below the tongue and tonsils are located at the rear of the throat.
Therefore, the answer comes out to be Parotid glands.
Ques: Cystic duct is associated with
- Liver
- Pancreas
- Parotid gland
- Gallbladder
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Ans: d) gallbladder
Explanation: The cystic duct joins the gallbladder to the extrahepatic bile duct. It arises from the neck of the gallbladder and extends to join the hepatic duct.
Therefore, the answer will be gallbladder.
Ques: An elongated and compound gland situated between the limbs of the ‘C’ shaped duodenum is
- Spleen
- Pancreas
- Adrenal gland
- Thymus gland
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Ans: b) Pancreas
Explanation: Pancreas is situated between the limbs of the ‘C’ shaped duodenum.
Ques: Which of the following enzymes is present only in gastric juice of infants?
- Lactase
- Sucrose
- Trypsin
- Rennin
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Ans: d) Rennin
Explanation: Rennin digests milk protein casein and converts it into paracaseinate and when it combines with calcium it becomes calcium paracaseinate.
In adults, milk protein casein gets digested in the small intestine by chymotrypsinogen.
Therefore, the answer will be rennin.
Ques: A device used to measure volume of lungs is:
- Electrocardiograph
- Spirometer
- Electroencephalogram
- Sphygmomanometer
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Ans: b) Spirometer
Explanation: Electrocardiograph records the electrical activity associated with the heart, spirometer is used to measure the volume of air inhaled and exhaled by the lungs, electroencephalogram records the electrical activity associated with the brain and sphygmomanometer is an instrument used to measure blood pressure.
Therefore, the answer will be Spirometer.
Ques: Choose the odd one w.r.t occupational respiratory disorders
- Silicosis
- Asbestosis
- Pneumoconiosis
- Pneumonia
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Ans: d) Pneumonia
Explanation: Silicosis happens when a person inhales large amounts of crystalline silica dust over the years, Asbestosis is a chronic lung disease, which is caused by inhaling asbestos fibers, Pneumoconiosis is caused by inhaling dust at the workplace, Pneumonia is caused due to bacterial infection.
Therefore, the answer will be Pneumonia.
Ques: The main Center of brain that regulates the respiration rate is located in
- Midbrain
- Hypothalamus
- Medulla oblongata
- Forebrain
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Ans: c) Medulla Oblongata
Explanation: Midbrain helps in the motor movement especially that of eye, hypothalamus gland controls the hormone system, medulla oblongata helps in transmitting signals between the spinal cord and the higher parts of the brain and also controls automatic activities like respiration and heartbeat, Forebrain helps in processing the information.
Therefore, the answer will be medulla oblongata.
Ques: Hypopnea is a condition where:
- The airway becomes partially obstructed
- The blood does not clot properly
- The lungs cannot eliminate the excess carbon dioxide from the body
- The blood oxygen levels are abnormally low
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Ans: a) The airway becomes partially obstructed.
Explanation: Hypopnea is a condition where the airflow is approximately 30% less than the usual airflow because the airway gets partly blocked.
Therefore, the answer will be ‘a’ – the airway becomes partially obstructed.
Ques: Enamel of teeth is secreted by
- Ameloblast
- Odontoblast
- Osteoblast
- Osteoclast
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Ans: a) Ameloblast
Explanation: Ameloblast cells which secrete the enamel proteins which mineralize to form enamel.
Therefore, the answer will be Ameloblast.
Ques: Innermost layer of mucosa is made up of columnar epithelium except
- Esophagus
- Intestine
- Duodenum
- Stomach
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Ans: a) Esophagus
Explanation: Except esophagus, the innermost layer of mucosa is made up of columnar epithelium in all the other options.
Therefore, the answer will be esophagus.
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