MSBSHSE Class 10 Syllabus 2027: Subject Wise Topics, Weightage and PDF Download

Simultaneous linear equations; methods of solving – graphical method, substitution method, elimination method, cross-multiplication method; word problems on simultaneous equations; applications in everyday situations.

Standard form of a quadratic equation; methods of solving – factorisation, completing the square, quadratic formula; nature of roots and discriminant; word problems based on quadratic equations.

Definition and general form of A.P.; common difference; nth term formula; sum of n terms (Sn formula); word problems involving A.P.; applications in real-life contexts.

Shares and dividends; face value and market value; GST (Goods and Services Tax) — basics and calculations; income tax — taxable income, deductions, tax slabs; personal budgeting.

Mean of grouped data; median of grouped data; mode of grouped data; cumulative frequency distribution; ogive (less than and more than); graphical representation of data; applications of central tendency.

Classical definition of probability; sample space and events; favourable outcomes; probability of complementary events; simple problems on probability using cards, dice, and coins; real-life probability examples.

Similar figures; properties of similar triangles; criteria of similarity — AA, SSS, SAS; Basic Proportionality Theorem and its converse; ratio of areas of similar triangles; application problems.

Statement and proof of Pythagoras Theorem; converse of Pythagorean Theorem; application in right-angled triangles; 30-60-90 and 45-45-90 triangle properties; numerical problems.

Tangent to a circle; properties of tangent; tangent from an external point; secant; angle in a semicircle; tangent-secant relationship; cyclic quadrilateral and its properties; arc and chord relationships.

Division of a line segment in a given ratio; construction of a triangle similar to a given triangle; construction of a tangent to a circle from an external point; construction of tangents at endpoints of a diameter.

Distance formula; section formula (internal and external division); midpoint formula; slope of a line; collinearity of three points; equation of a line — slope-intercept form, two-point form; area of a triangle using coordinates.

Trigonometric ratios — sin, cos, tan, cosec, sec, cot; values of standard angles (0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°); trigonometric identities; complementary angles; heights and distances; angle of elevation and depression.

Surface area and volume of combinations of solids — cylinder, cone, sphere, hemisphere, frustum; problems involving conversion of solids; practical applications of mensuration in real-life contexts.

Newton’s universal law of gravitation; gravitational constant G; free fall and acceleration due to gravity (g); difference between mass and weight; gravitational potential energy; escape velocity; circular motion of satellites.

Dobereiner’s Triads; Newlands’ Law of Octaves; Mendeleev’s Periodic Table; Modern Periodic Table; periods and groups; periodicity of properties — atomic size, ionisation energy, metallic character, valency; metals, non-metals, and metalloids.

Writing and balancing chemical equations; types of chemical reactions — combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement, oxidation and reduction; exothermic and endothermic reactions; effects of oxidation in everyday life.

Heating effect of electric current; Joule’s law; electric power and energy; practical applications — electric iron, fuse; magnetic effect of electric current; Oersted’s experiment; Fleming’s left-hand rule; electric motor and generator (basic working).

Difference between heat and temperature; specific heat capacity; calorimetry; latent heat — fusion and vaporisation; thermal expansion of solids, liquids, and gases; anomalous expansion of water; thermometers; modes of heat transfer — conduction, convection, radiation.

Laws of refraction; Snell’s law; refractive index; total internal reflection; critical angle; optical fibre; refraction through a glass slab; apparent depth; atmospheric refraction — twinkling of stars, advance sunrise and delayed sunset.

Types of lenses — convex and concave; terms: optical centre, principal axis, focal length, aperture; image formation by lenses; sign convention; lens formula; magnification; power of a lens; defects of vision — myopia, hypermetropia, presbyopia; corrective lenses.

Minerals and ores; occurrence of metals in nature; extraction of metals — iron, aluminium, copper; activity series of metals; refining; corrosion and its prevention; alloys and their properties; electrolysis — electroplating.

Bonding in carbon; allotropes of carbon; tetravalency and catenation; functional groups; homologous series; IUPAC nomenclature; properties of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes; ethanol and ethanoic acid; soaps and detergents; natural polymers.

History of space exploration; types of satellites — natural and artificial; geostationary and polar orbits; India’s space missions — ISRO, Chandrayaan, Mangalyaan, Gaganyaan; applications of satellites — weather forecasting, GPS, communication; space debris.

Mendel’s laws of inheritance; monohybrid and dihybrid cross; dominance and recessiveness; genotype and phenotype; DNA and genes; sex determination; evolution — Lamarck vs Darwin; natural selection; speciation; homologous and analogous organs; fossils.

Nutrition — autotrophic (photosynthesis: equation, chlorophyll, light and dark reactions) and heterotrophic (types of heterotrophs); human digestive system; digestion in plants; Respiration — aerobic and anaerobic; glycolysis; Krebs cycle (overview); human respiratory system; exchange of gases.

Circulation — human heart structure and function; double circulation; blood components; blood groups; lymphatic system; Transportation in plants — xylem and phloem; Excretion — human excretory system; nephron and urine formation; kidney diseases; excretion in plants.

Ecosystem — components, food chains, food webs, ecological pyramids; biodiversity — importance and threats; deforestation and its impact; conservation of biodiversity — wildlife sanctuaries, national parks, biosphere reserves; pollution — types, causes, effects, and control; global warming and climate change; ozone depletion.

Conventional vs non-conventional energy sources; solar energy — solar panels, solar cookers; wind energy; hydroelectric power; biogas and biomass; tidal energy; advantages of renewable energy; energy conservation habits; Maharashtra’s green energy initiatives.

Need for classification; binomial nomenclature; five-kingdom classification; kingdom Animalia — invertebrates (Porifera, Coelenterata, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata) and vertebrates (Fish, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, Mammalia); examples and key features.

Types of microorganisms — bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, algae; beneficial microbes — fermentation, nitrogen fixation, antibiotic production; harmful microbes — diseases caused (tuberculosis, malaria, typhoid); vaccination and immunity; discovery of antibiotics; Pasteur and Koch contributions.

Cell structure — prokaryotic vs eukaryotic; organelles and their functions; cell division — mitosis and meiosis (overview); DNA structure; genetic engineering — recombinant DNA technology; applications of biotechnology — insulin production, GM crops, gene therapy; ethical issues.

Communicable and non-communicable diseases; immunity — innate and acquired; vaccination schedule; substance abuse — alcohol, tobacco, drugs; effects on health; mental health and adolescence; first aid basics; World Health Organization (WHO); government health schemes.

Types of disasters — natural (earthquake, flood, cyclone, tsunami, landslide) and man-made; disaster management cycle — mitigation, preparedness, response, recovery; earthquake zones in India; NDMA guidelines; community preparedness; role of technology in disaster prediction.

Selected chapters from Kumarbharati — "The Thief’s Story," "On Wings of Courage," "As Good as Gold," "A Superhero Called Bhaskar," and other prose pieces across four units. Questions test reading comprehension, inference, and summary skills.

Selected poems from Kumarbharati — "Where the Mind is Without Fear" (Rabindranath Tagore), "Night of the Scorpion," "The Brave," and others. Questions test appreciation, central idea, rhyme scheme, and figure of speech.