TNDGE Syllabus 2027: Subject-Wise Topics, Chapter Weightage and PDF Download

Electric charges and properties, Coulomb’s law, Superposition principle, Electric field and field lines, Electric dipole, Electric potential and potential energy, Gauss’s law and applications, Capacitance and combinations, Dielectrics and polarisation, Energy stored in a capacitor, Van de Graaff generator

Electric current, drift velocity, and mobility, Ohm’s law and its limitations, Resistance and resistivity, Temperature dependence of resistance, Combination of resistors (series and parallel), Kirchhoff’s laws, Wheatstone bridge, Meter bridge, Potentiometer and its applications, EMF and internal resistance of a cell

Magnetic field concept, Biot-Savart law, Ampere’s circuital law, Magnetic field of a solenoid and toroid, Force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field, Moving coil galvanometer, Conversion to ammeter and voltmeter, Magnetic properties of matter, Hysteresis loop

Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction, Lenz’s law, Self-inductance and mutual inductance, AC generator, Transformers, LCR series circuit, Resonance in AC circuits, Power factor, Wattless current

Displacement current, Maxwell’s equations (qualitative), Electromagnetic spectrum, Properties of electromagnetic waves, Applications of each type (radio, microwave, infrared, visible, UV, X-rays, gamma rays)

Reflection at spherical mirrors, Refraction at plane and curved surfaces, Total internal reflection and applications, Optical fibres, Refraction through a prism, Dispersion and scattering of light, Lens formula and magnification, Power and combination of lenses, Optical instruments: microscope, telescope, and camera

Wave nature of light, Huygens’ principle and wavefront, Coherent sources, Interference of light, Young’s double slit experiment, Fringe width, Diffraction at single slit, Resolving power of optical instruments, Polarisation of light, Brewster’s law, Uses of polaroids

Photoelectric effect, Laws of photoelectric emission, Einstein’s photoelectric equation, Stopping potential, Threshold frequency, Wave-particle duality, de Broglie wavelength, Electron diffraction, Davisson-Germer experiment, Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle

Thomson and Rutherford atomic models, Bohr’s model of hydrogen atom, Hydrogen spectrum and spectral series, Nuclear structure, Mass defect and binding energy, Radioactivity: alpha, beta, gamma decay, Laws of radioactive decay, Half-life, Nuclear fission and fusion, Nuclear reactor

Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, p-n junction diode, Forward and reverse bias, Rectifiers (half-wave and full-wave), Zener diode and voltage regulation, Transistor (NPN and PNP) — working and configurations, Logic gates (AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR), Boolean algebra, Communication systems, Modulation types, Propagation of electromagnetic waves

Occurrence of metals, Concentration of ores (gravity separation, froth flotation, chemical), Extraction of crude metal (smelting, roasting, calcination), Thermodynamics of metal extraction (Ellingham diagram), Refining methods, Extraction of Iron (blast furnace), Copper, Zinc, and Aluminium

Group 15 (Nitrogen family) — trends in properties, allotropes of phosphorus, compounds of nitrogen (N₂O, NO, NO₂, N₂O₄, N₂O₅), oxoacids of phosphorus. Group 16 (Oxygen family) — allotropes of sulphur, oxoacids of sulphur, ozone: preparation, properties, and uses

Group 17 (Halogens) — trends in properties, preparation and properties of HCl and HF, inter-halogens, oxoacids of halogens. Group 18 (Noble gases) — general properties, applications, compounds of xenon (XeF₂, XeF₄, XeO₃)

d-block elements — electronic configuration, physical and chemical properties, variable oxidation states, colour, magnetic properties. Important compounds: KMnO₄, K₂Cr₂O₇. Lanthanides and actinides — electronic configuration, lanthanide contraction, uses

Werner’s theory, Key terms (ligand, coordination number, oxidation state), IUPAC nomenclature of coordination compounds, Types of isomerism (structural and stereo), Valence bond theory, Crystal field theory, Stability constants, Applications of coordination compounds in medicine, industries, and analytical chemistry

Types of solids (crystalline vs amorphous), Crystal lattices and unit cells, Packing efficiency (simple cubic, BCC, FCC), Radius ratio rules, Imperfections in solids (Schottky and Frenkel defects), Electrical and magnetic properties of solids

Rate of reaction and factors affecting it, Rate law and rate constant, Order and molecularity, Zero, first, and second-order integrated rate equations, Half-life, Arrhenius equation, Activation energy, Collision theory, Transition state theory

Arrhenius, Brønsted-Lowry, and Lewis concepts of acids and bases, Ionic product of water, pH scale, Buffer solutions and Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, Solubility product (Ksp), Common ion effect, Salt hydrolysis

Electrochemical cells (galvanic and electrolytic), Electrode potential, Standard electrode potential, Nernst equation, EMF of a cell, Conductance and molar conductance, Kohlrausch’s law, Electrolysis and Faraday’s laws, Batteries: primary (Leclanche, dry cell) and secondary (lead acid, lithium ion), Fuel cells, Corrosion and prevention

Adsorption vs absorption, Freundlich adsorption isotherm, Colloids: preparation, properties, and types (lyophilic and lyophobic), Tyndall effect, Brownian motion, Electrophoresis, Emulsions and emulsification, Catalysis: homogeneous, heterogeneous, enzyme catalysis, Zeolites

Alcohols: classification, preparation (from alkyl halides, carbonyl compounds), physical properties, reactions (dehydration, oxidation, esterification, Lucas test). Phenols: preparation, acidic nature, reactions (Kolbe, Reimer-Tiemann, coupling). Ethers: preparation, cleavage reactions, uses

Aldehydes and ketones: nomenclature, preparation, nucleophilic addition reactions, Aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, Iodoform test, Tollen’s and Fehling’s tests. Carboxylic acids: preparation, acidity, reactions (decarboxylation, halogenation), derivatives (acid chloride, anhydride, ester, amide)

Amines: classification, preparation, physical properties, basicity order, reactions (acylation, Hinsberg test, reaction with HNO₂). Diazonium salts: preparation, synthetic importance (Sandmeyer reaction, coupling reactions). Nitro compounds: preparation and reduction to amines

Carbohydrates: classification, structure of glucose and fructose, sucrose, starch, glycogen, cellulose. Proteins: amino acids and zwitter ions, peptide bond, primary to quaternary structure, enzymes and their specificity. Nucleic acids: structure of DNA and RNA, nucleotides, base pairing, role in heredity. Vitamins and hormones: types and deficiency diseases

Drugs and medicines: analgesics, tranquilisers, antibiotics, antiseptics, antimalarials, drug-receptor interaction. Food chemistry: preservatives, artificial sweeteners, antioxidants. Cleansing agents: soaps and detergents, micelle formation. Chemicals in agriculture: fertilisers, pesticides, herbicides

Adjoint and inverse of a matrix, Rank of a matrix (row reduction), Consistency of linear systems, Solving systems of linear equations using Cramer’s rule, matrix inversion method, and Gaussian elimination

Algebra of complex numbers, Argand plane and polar form, Modulus and argument, Conjugate and its properties, De Moivre’s theorem and its applications, nth roots of a complex number, Roots of unity

Polynomial equations, Vieta’s formulae, Imaginary and irrational roots theorem, Reciprocal equations, Descarte’s rule of signs, Bounds of real roots, Polynomial division, Transformation of equations by increasing/decreasing roots

Domains and ranges of inverse trigonometric functions, Principal value branch, Properties and identities, Simplification and evaluation of expressions, Solving equations involving inverse trigonometric functions

Circle: standard form, general equation, parametric form, tangent and normal. Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola: standard equations, foci, vertices, eccentricity, tangents and normals, chord of contact, applications

Scalar and vector triple products, Direction cosines and direction ratios, Equation of a line in 3D (vector and Cartesian), Angle between two lines, Shortest distance between skew lines, Equation of a plane, Angle between planes, Distance from a point to a plane

Rolle’s theorem and Lagrange’s mean value theorem, L’Hôpital’s rule, Tangents and normals to a curve, Angle between curves, Curvature, Radius of curvature, Maxima and minima — problems, Concavity and convexity, Points of inflection, Asymptotes

Linear approximation, Differentials, Error and approximation using differentials, Partial derivatives, Euler’s theorem for homogeneous functions, Total derivative, Partial differentiation of implicit functions

Area under a curve, Area between two curves, Volume of a solid of revolution (disk and shell methods), Length of a plane curve (arc length), Surface area of a solid of revolution

Order and degree of a differential equation, Formation of differential equations, Variable separable method, Homogeneous differential equations, Linear first-order differential equations, Bernoulli’s equation, Second-order ODEs with constant coefficients

Random variables (discrete and continuous), Probability distributions and their properties, Mathematical expectation, Variance and standard deviation, Binomial distribution, Poisson distribution, Normal distribution, Standard normal distribution and its applications

Mathematical logic: propositions, logical connectives (conjunction, disjunction, implication, biconditional), Truth tables, Tautology and contradiction, Boolean algebra: laws and properties, Logic gates and switching circuits, Graph theory: basic terminology

Types of asexual reproduction (binary fission, fragmentation, budding, spore formation), Vegetative propagation (natural and artificial), Micropropagation (tissue culture). Flower structure, Pollination (self and cross), Agents of pollination, Double fertilisation, Post-fertilisation changes, Seed types, Fruit formation

Mendel’s laws of inheritance, Monohybrid and dihybrid crosses, Law of segregation and law of independent assortment, Incomplete dominance, Co-dominance, Multiple alleles (ABO blood groups), Epistasis, Polygenic inheritance

Linkage and crossing over, Gene mapping, Sex determination mechanisms, Sex-linked inheritance (colour blindness, haemophilia), Chromosomal disorders: Down syndrome (trisomy 21), Klinefelter’s syndrome (47,XXY), Turner’s syndrome (45,XO)

DNA as genetic material (Griffith, Avery, Hershey-Chase experiments), Watson-Crick double helix model, DNA replication (semi-conservative), Transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, Translation and the genetic code, Gene regulation (Lac operon model), Human Genome Project, DNA fingerprinting

Air pollution and its effects, Water pollution, Soil pollution, Solid waste management, Acid rain, Greenhouse effect and global warming, Ozone depletion and its effects, Biodiversity loss, Deforestation, Biomagnification and bioaccumulation

Plant breeding: hybridisation, mutation breeding, polyploidy breeding, Green Revolution and Norman Borlaug’s contribution. Recombinant DNA technology: restriction enzymes, cloning vectors (plasmids), PCR technique, ELISA, Transgenic plants, Bt crops (Bt cotton), Golden rice, Bioreactors

Cereal crops (rice, wheat, maize), Pulses and their importance, Oil-yielding plants (groundnut, sesame, coconut), Fibre plants (cotton, jute), Sugar-yielding plants (sugarcane, sugar beet), Timber plants, Medicinal plants of importance, Spices and condiments

Asexual reproduction in animals, Human male and female reproductive systems, Gametogenesis (spermatogenesis and oogenesis), Fertilisation and embryonic development (cleavage, blastulation, gastrulation), Parturition and lactation, Reproductive health, Contraception and STDs, Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies (IVF, GIFT)

Endocrine glands and their hormones: hypothalamus, pituitary (GH, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH), thyroid (T₃, T₄, calcitonin), parathyroid (PTH), adrenal gland (cortisol, adrenaline), pancreas (insulin, glucagon), gonads. Hormonal disorders: diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, Cushing’s syndrome. Negative feedback regulation

Neuron structure and types, Nerve impulse generation (resting potential, action potential), Saltatory conduction in myelinated fibres, Synapse and neurotransmitters, Central nervous system: brain (cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla oblongata) and spinal cord, Peripheral and autonomic nervous systems, Eye (structure and vision) and Ear (structure and hearing)

Types of movement (ciliary, flagellar, muscular), Skeletal system: axial and appendicular skeleton, Joints: types and properties, Muscle structure: sarcomere, myosin, actin, Sliding filament theory of muscle contraction, Disorders: myasthenia gravis, muscular dystrophy, osteoporosis, arthritis

Phases of growth (cell division, cell elongation, cell differentiation), Types of growth (absolute, relative, specific), Growth curves (sigmoid), Factors affecting growth, Ageing process, Theories of ageing (free radical theory, telomere theory), Geriatrics

Sericulture (silk production), Apiculture (honey bee rearing), Lac culture, Pearl culture (freshwater and marine), Aquaculture and pisciculture, Poultry farming, Animal husbandry, Biotechnology in medicine: production of insulin, human growth hormone, vaccines, monoclonal antibodies