Ammonium Oxalate: Structure, Properties and Uses

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Ammonium oxalate is an inorganic compound having the chemical formula C2H8N2O4.

  • It is also known as Diammonium oxalate or Diammonium salt.
  • Ammonium oxalate is a reducing agent with high solubility in water and alcohol but insoluble in ether.
  • It is an odorless, colorless crystalline solid under standard conditions.
  • It is the ammonium salt of oxalic acid and is found in many plants and vegetables.
  • It is also produced in the bodies of vertebrates by the metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid.

Key Terms: Inorganic compound, Ammonium oxalate, Ammonia, Polymers, Reducing agent, Ascorbic acid, Oxalic acid, Chemical formula


What is Ammonium Oxalate?

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Ammonium oxalate, a colorless crystalline solid is an ionic compound containing ammonia and oxalate ions in a ratio of 2:1.

  • The chemical formula of ammonium oxalate is C2H8N2O4.
  • It is odorless and non-volatile in nature.
  • Ammonium oxalate is a strong dicarboxylic acid.
  • It has a melting point of 374.5K in hydrated form and 463K in anhydrous form.

Ammonium Oxalate

Ammonium Oxalate

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Ammonium Oxalate Structure

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The structure of ammonium oxalate C2H8N2O4 is shown below.

Structure of Ammonium Oxalate

Structure of Ammonium Oxalate


Properties of Ammonium Oxalate

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The following are the properties of ammonium oxalate

Ammonium Oxalate
Chemical Formula/Molecular Formula C2H8N2O4
Appearance Colorless crystalline solid
Density of Ammonium oxalate 1.5 g/cm3 at 65.3° F
Melting Point of Ammonium oxalate 70 °C
Molecular weight/Molar mass of Ammonium oxalate 124.1 g/mol
Flash point of Ammonium oxalate Non-flammable
Ammonium oxalate CAS number 1113-38-8 (anhydrous)

Uses of Ammonium Oxalate

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The following are the uses of ammonium oxalate

  • It is produced in the bodies of vertebrates by the metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid.
  • Oxammite is a natural, mineral form of ammonium oxalate.
  • Ammonium oxalate is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent.
  • It is used as an anticoagulant, to preserve blood outside the body.
  • It is acidified to pH 3 using oxalic acid and is commonly used in soil analysis for the extraction of iron and aluminum. 

Health Hazards of Ammonium Oxalate

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Various health hazards associated with ammonium oxalate are given below.

  • Ingestion or excessive inhalation of ammonium oxalate dust causes systemic poisoning.
  • Contact of the compound with the eye causes irritation, while contact with the skin causes severe burns.
  • A physician should be contacted immediately if severe skin irritation occurs.

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Things to Remember

  • The chemical formula of ammonium oxalate is C2H8N2O4.
  • It is an odorless, colorless crystalline solid and is highly soluble in water and alcohol.
  • It is also known as Diammonium oxalate or Diammonium salt.
  • Ammonium Oxalate is referred to as an oxalate salt with ammonium.
  • It is an ionic compound and acts as a reducing agent.

Sample Questions

Ques. What is the chemical formula of ammonium oxalate? (1 Mark)

Ans. The chemical formula of ammonium oxalate is C2H8N2O4.

Ques. Is ammonium oxalate soluble in water? (1 Mark)

Ans. Yes, ammonium oxalate is soluble in water. It has moderate solubility, typically around 5 grams per 100 milliliters of water at 25°C.

Ques. Is ammonium oxalate acidic or basic in nature? (2 Marks)

Ans. Ammonium oxalate is acidic in nature. The acidity depends on the amount of oxalic acid present in the compound. Acidic ammonium oxalate can be prepared by acidification of ammonium oxalate to pH 3 using oxalic acid. It can be used for the chemical analysis of soil, as well as for the extraction of aluminum and iron from some poorly crystalline substances.

Ques. Is ammonium oxalate ionic or covalent? (2 Marks)

Ans. Ammonium oxalate molecules feature an ionic bond between the ammonium cation and the oxalate anion. Thus, ammonium oxalate is an ionic compound. Additionally, this compound is composed of two polyatomic ions. The ammonium cation is a polyatomic ion that is made up of hydrogen and nitrogen. Similarly, the oxalate anion is also a polyatomic ion that is made up of oxygen and carbon atoms.

Ques. How can ammonium oxalate be prepared? (3 Marks)

Ans. The preparation of ammonium oxalate usually involves the reaction between oxalic acid and ammonium carbonate in an aqueous environment. In order to prepare ammonium oxalate, 100 grams of oxalic acid have to be dissolved in 800 milliliters of water which is then neutralized with approximately 83 grams of ammonium carbonate (the solution can be gently warmed before the neutralization).

Ques. What is ammonium oxalate used for? (2 Marks)

Ans. Ammonium oxalate monohydrate has been used for the detection and determination of calcium, lead, fluoride, and rare earth metals. This compound is also a buffering reagent and a dispersant to determine the surface interaction of platelets and to investigate the formation of oxalate monoalkyl amide in the human lens.

Ques. Is ammonium oxalate toxic? (2 Marks)

Ans. Ammonium Oxalate may affect the kidneys. No occupational exposure limits have been established for Ammonium Oxalate. However, it may pose a health risk. It may cause headache, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, convulsions, coma, and even death.

Ques. Why is ammonia added to oxalic acid? (2 Marks)

Ans. It has been found that oxalic acid forms relatively stable clusters with ammonia molecules and the ionization events play a key role. Additionally, clusters of oxalic acid with ammonia molecules are predicted to form favorably in low-temperature conditions and show high Rayleigh scattering intensities.

Ques. What happens when calcium gluconate is treated with ammonium oxalate? (2 Marks)

Ans. When the calcium gluconate solution is mixed with the ammonium oxalate a white precipitate of calcium oxalate is produced (milk). When you combine this with nitric acid it turns clear again because the calcium oxalate dissolves.

Ques. What happens when ammonium oxalate is heated? (2 Marks)

Ans. During heating, the complex monohydrated ammonium oxotris (oxalate) niobate [(NH4)3NbO (C2O4)3. H2O] decomposes, releasing stepwise the oxalate ions, NH4+, and the hydration water in the form of CO2 and CO, NH3, and water vapor.

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