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Hydrogen sulfate is an anion with a chemical formula HSO4- also known as bisulfate. HSO4- is a very small ion of hydrogen sulfate. Sulfuric acid is formed when HSO4- is exposed to the water. The pure substance named sodium bisulfate NAHSO4 starts melting at 185°C and starts losing water with a good deal of spattering. Sodium bisulfate that consists of sulfur atoms present in the center that is surrounded by four oxygen atoms tends to form a tetrahedral arrangement. It forms a structure that is similar to the structure of methane.
Read more : Chemical Reactions of Haloalkane and Haloarene
Key Terms: Hydrogen Sulfate, Physical and chemical properties of Hydogen sulfate, Uses of Hydrogen sulfate
What is Hydrogen Sulfate
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Hydrogen sulfate is a chemical compound that has a melting point close to 59°C, and it has a density point of about 1826.7 kg/m3. The molar mass of the hydrogen sulfate is 97.064g/mol.
Hydrogen sulfate is easily soluble in water.
Hydrogen sulfate is odorless by nature as it does not have any kind of odor. The hydrogen sulfate looks like a powder of white color. The covalently-bonded unit of hydrogen sulfate is 1. 76 is the complexity level for this chemical compound. It has a pH that is also 1.
Hydrogen Sulphate
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Hydrogen Sulphate Detailed Video Explanation:
Read Also : Group 16 Elements
Hydrogen Sulfate: Physical Properties
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The physical properties of hydrogen sulfate are given in a table that is mentioned-
| Particulars | Details |
|---|---|
| Chemical formula (hydrogen sulfate) | HSO4- |
| Molar mass | 97.064g/mol |
| Density | 1826.7 kg/m3 |
| Melting Point | 59°C |
| pH | 1 |
| Color | White |
| Reaction With | Water, Nitric Acid, Ethanol, Acetone |
Read more : Lewis acids
Hydrogen Sulfate: Chemical Properties
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The chemical properties/equations of hydrogen sulfate are mentioned below-
- The hydrogen sulfate comes in reaction when it gets dissolved in distilled water. It forms sulfate and hydronium ions. The chemical equation of hydrogen sulfate is mentioned below-
HSO4- + H2O\(\to\) H3O+ + SO42-
- To form nitrous acid and sulfate ions, hydrogen sulfate reacts with nitrate ions. The chemical equation is mentioned below-
HSO4- + NO2- \(\to\) SO42- + HNO2
- To form hydronium ions, hydrogen sulfate can also start a reaction with water considering water as a base. The chemical equation is given below-
HSO4- (aq) + H2O(l) \(\to\) H3O+(aq) +SO42- (aq)
According to the Bronsted-Lowry, when one proton, one ion, or one molecule transfers from one to another the acid-base reaction occurs. For the above case, water is considered as the base since it reacts with HSO4- that is a better proton donor. It takes place because of the amphoteric nature of water. Water can act as base and acid both.
Also Read: Types of Chemical Reactions
Uses of Hydrogen Sulfate
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The main uses of hydrogen sulfate are mentioned below-
- To remove any residual chlorine, hydrogen sulfate is mainly used in water treatment plants.
- With the help of sodium salts of hydrogen sulfate, niter cake’s production takes place.
- The resins that are formed from hydrogen sulfate are mainly used to soothe the skin.
Read more : Hydrogen Chloride
Things to Remember:
- Hydrogen sulfate is an anion that usually consists of a chemical formula HSO4- also known as bisulfate.
- Sulfuric acid is formed when HSO4- is exposed to the water.
- The pure substance named sodium bisulfate NaHSO4 starts melting at 185°C.
- Sodium bisulfate that consists of sulfur atoms is present in the center that is surrounded by four oxygen atoms and tends to form a tetrahedral arrangement.
- Hydrogen sulfate is a chemical compound that has a melting point close to 59°C.
- Hydrogen sulfate is odorless by nature as it does not have any kind of odor.
- The hydrogen sulfate looks like a powder of white color.
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Sample Questions
Ques: What charge is held by hydrogen sulfate molecules? (1 Mark)
Ans: The magnitude of the net charge that is held by the hydrogen sulfate molecules is -1. This compound forms sulfuric acid on the gaining of the proton, whose chemical formula is H2SO4.
Ques: Why is the HSO4- formula called hydrogen sulfate and not hydrogen persulfate? (2 Marks)
Ans: Hydrogen sulfate belongs to the category of oxyanions, which means it incorporates a singly negative charge along with an oxygen atom.
When the central sulfur atom of hydrogen sulfate is joined with the three oxygen atoms together with one hydroxyl group, it is considered as one of the properties of hydrogen sulfate.
Ques: Explain the difference between hydrogen sulfate and sulfuric acid? (2 Marks)
Ans:The formula of hydrogen sulfate is given by HSO4- whereas the formula of sulfuric acid that is also known as dihydrogen sulfate is given by H2SO4.
It can be stated that hydrogen sulfate and sulfuric acid are two different chemicals. To clarify, hydrogen sulfate and sulfuric acid are acids. So far, hydrogen sulfate is also used as a weaker alternative to sulfuric acid. Due to the electronegative oxygen through which isolates electron density, the acidic nature of hydrogen sulfate is formed.
Ques: Explain the balanced equation? Why should an equation be balanced? (2 Marks)
Ans: Balanced chemical equations have atoms of different elements in reactions and products that are equal in number. Moreover, matter cannot be created nor can it be destroyed, that is the law of conservation of energy.
Ques: Write the balanced chemical equation for phosphorus burns in presence of chlorine to form phosphorus Pentachloride. (2 Marks)
Ans: P4 (s) + 10Cl2 (g) \(\to\) 4PCl5 (S)
Ques: What is the balanced chemical equation for the reaction burning of natural gas. (2 Marks)
Ans: CH4 (g) + 2O2 (g) \(\to\) CO2 (g) + 2H2O(l) + heat energy
Ques: What is the reason behind the change in color of copper sulfate solution when an iron nail is dipped in it? (3 Marks)
Ans: When the displacement reaction takes place the color of the copper sulfate solution changes.
A pale green-colored solution of FeSO4 is formed when the iron displaces copper from the solution copper sulfate and reddish-brown copper metal get deposited.
Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq) \(\to\) FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
Ques: Consider the following chemical reaction (3 Marks)
X + Barium chloride \(\to\) Y + Sodium chloride (White ppt)
1. Identify ‘X’ and ‘Y’
2. The type of reaction
Ans: 1. X will be Na2SO4 and Y will be BaSO4.
2. The type of reaction
“Na2SO4 + BaCl2 \(\to\) BaSO4 + 2NaCl (White ppt)
The reaction is a precipitation reaction and also the double displacement method.
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