Education Journalist | Study Abroad Lead
Water is the most vital natural resource present on Earth. More than 2/3rd of the surface of the Earth is filled with water which translates to over 1 octillion liters of water. Still, even with so much water present on Earth, only 0.03% of it is accessible for our human consumption. With the progression of commercialization and industrialization, this number continues to decrease. This combined with the lack of awareness has led to water pollution. Water pollution refers to the contamination of the water bodies. When industrial or agricultural effluents are dumped in oceans, lakes, or rivers, the water gets polluted. This affects all the lifeforms either directly or indirectly. The main sources of water pollution are urbanization, deforestation, religious or social practices, industrial effluents, agricultural run-offs, use of fertilizers and detergents, and the use of pesticides and insecticides.
Water pollution affects aquatic life adversely. It can disrupt their behavior and metabolism and can result in their death. It also has a drastic effect on the food chain as when some pollutants enter the food chain through the fish consumed by humans, they can disrupt the higher levels of the food chain. Water pollution can also lead to many diseases in humans and can disrupt the ecosystem. Treating the discharge before releasing it, growing water Hyacinth that absorbs toxic dissolved chemicals, and chemical methods such as reverse osmosis, ion exchange process, and coagulation can help in the control of water pollution.
Ques 1. The Boiling Point of water ____ in comparison to the pure water
- Decreases
- Increases
- Remains the same
- First increases then decrease
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Ans: b. Increases
Explanation: After the addition of any impurity, the boiling point of the water increases. When we boil seawater, the boiling point of the water increases due to the presence of salt in it.
Ques 2. In India, what is the major cause of water-borne diseases?
- pollution of water
- the hardness of water
- scarcity of water
- saline water
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Ans: a. pollution of water
Explanation: Water-borne diseases are caused by pathogenic microbes that are spread via polluted water as it is contaminated. Water-borne diseases can have a huge variety of symptoms. Some of the main symptoms of the same include vomiting and diarrhea. It can also lead to respiratory problems and skin, ear, or eye problems
Ques 3. The groundwater of the largest parts of Eastern India is contaminated by:
- Nickel
- Mercury
- Lead
- Arsenic
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Ans: d. Arsenic
Explanation: The water gets contaminated with the presence of animal and human waste, industrial chemicals, heat, oil, and agricultural residues. Due to these chemicals, the groundwater gets contaminated. The seven states of India in the eastern part are contaminated with Arsenic namely, Manipur, Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, and parts of Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh.
Ques 4. Among the following pollutants, which one is the major cause of health issues in Indians?
- Water Pollution
- Noise Pollution
- Soil Pollution
- Air Pollution
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Ans: a. Water Pollution
Explanation: Water is contaminated with microorganisms, toxic contaminants, and biotoxins which cause many water-borne diseases like typhoid, cholera, other gastrointestinal problems, and diarrhea. Water pollution can either affect us directly through direct consumption or through bathing with the water of a polluted stream. It can also affect us indirectly as we consume the vegetables that are irrigated by contaminated water.
Ques 5. Which pathogenic microbe’s presence in water indicates contamination?
- Volvox
- Chlorella
- Spirogyra
- Coliform Bacteria
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Ans: d. Coliform Bacteria
Explanation: The common indicator of water contamination is Coliform Bacteria as it is an Indicator organism. The most common indicator for testing the contamination of general wastewater is faecal coliform, as it is available in abundance and easy to determine.
Ques 6. Which disease amongst the following is caused by drinking contaminated water?
- Diarrhea
- Typhoid
- Polio
- All of the above
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Ans: d. All of the above
Explanation: Consumption of contaminated water can cause many diseases like dysentery, polio, typhoid, cholera, and diarrhea. The diseases can be spread not even by the consumption of the water but even by getting into contact with the contaminated water. If the impure water is used in any of the activities like cleaning, making ice, drinking, washing uncooked vegetables and fruits, the waterborne diseases can be spread due to the same.
Ques 7. The full form of BOD is
- Biological Oxygen Demand
- Biometric Oxygen Demand
- Biochemical Oxygen Demand
- Biological Oxygen Deep Water
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Ans: c. Biochemical Oxygen Demand
Explanation: The amount of oxygen that is consumed by bacteria and other microorganisms during the process of decomposing the organic matter under aerobic conditions is known as Biochemical Oxygen Demand.
Ques 8. How many types of organic matter is present in the water?
- Five
- Four
- Two
- Three
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Ans: c. Two
Explanation: Two types of organic matter that are present in the water are biologically inert and biologically oxidisable.
Ques 9. Which of the following is responsible for causing Infectious hepatitis?
- Viruses
- Helminth
- Protozoa
- Bacteria
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Ans: a. Viruses
Explanation: Viruses cause Infectious hepatitis and are also responsible for causing poliomyelitis disease. The virus can affect the functioning of the liver of a person. The virus that causes hepatitis is spread from contaminated water or food or when a person comes in close contact with any object or other person who’s infected from the virus.
Ques 10. What is the optimum value in natural water?
- 2-5 ppm
- 4-6 ppm
- 5-9 ppm
- 1-2 ppm
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Ans: b. 4-6 ppm
Explanation: 4-6 ppm is the optimum value present in the natural water. The decrease in the quantity of dissolved water indicates polluted water.
Ques 11. The increase in BOD (biological oxygen demand) is the indicator of
- Absence of microbial pollution
- Low microbial pollution
- High-Level microbial contamination
Which of the above statement is/are correct?
- Only a
- Only b
- Only c
- All of the above
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Ans: 3. Only c
Explanation: An increase in BOD causes a drop in the dissolved oxygen level of the water.
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