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Matter is composed of tiny particles that are very small and can not be seen with a naked eye. On the basis of the physical properties that they show and the states on which they exist in nature, matter can be further classified as:
- Solids: The particles are tightly packed in the solid substances, therefore it is tough to compress these particles. Examples of solids include rock, ice, sugar, wood, etc.
- Liquid: As compared to the solids, the particles in the liquids are more loosely packed and usually take the shape of the container they are put in. Examples of liquids include milk, water, coffee, blood, etc.
- Gas: The particles in the gases are arranged far apart from each other. The gaseous substances neither have a definite shape nor a definite volume. The examples of gases include nitrogen, helium, oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc.
Apart from these three states of matter, matter also exists as Plasma and Bose-einstein condensate. Plasma has molecules with extremely high kinetic energy while Bose-einstein condensate flow without any friction.
Ques 1. When electricity is passed through __, a red light is produced.
- Nitrogen
- Oxygen
- Neon
- Helium
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Ans: c. Neon
Explanation: When electricity flows through Neon gas, ionization of the gas takes place which results in the production of red light. The wavelength of the light emitted depends on the type of element through which the electricity flows. Visible light is radiated through the discharge which depends on several factors.
Ques 2. Which of the following is a rare radioactive gas?
- Xenon
- Radon
- Krypton
- Helium
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Ans: b Radon
Explanation: Radon is a heavy radioactive gas that is generated from the radioactive decay of radium. This gas is a odorless and colorless in nature. It is heavier than air by 7.5 times. This gas can be detected only by the use of proper protocols and with proper types of equipment. It is a chemically unreactive and highly radioactive gas.
- It is used in the radiation therapy.
- It is used to treat the damage of cells and cancer.
- The changes in the concentration of radon present in the groundwater is generally used to predict earthquakes.
Ques 3. What is the relation between Graphites and Diamonds?
- Both are allotropes of Carbon
- Both are isotopes of Carbon
- Both are isomers of Carbon
- Both are isotones of Cabon:
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Ans: a. Both are allotropes of Carbon
Explanation: Diamonds and Graphites are the purest forms of Carbon. In the structure of both the minerals, the arrangement of carbon atoms is different which makes these two minerals as allotropes of carbon. Both are chemically identical but are structurally different. The carbon atoms present in the structure of both, Graphite and Diamonds are joined together by covalent bonds.
Ques 4. Which among the following liquids, is the good conductor of heat?
- Water
- Mercury
- Ether
- Alcohol
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Ans: b. Mercury
Explanation: Mercury is the best conductor of heat among liquids. It is the only element that when put at room temperature, exists in the liquid state and is hence known as Liquid Silver. As Mercury can record the slightest change in the temperature, hence it is also used in thermometers.
Ques 5. Which gas among the following is non reactive?
- Hydrogen
- Oxygen
- Nitrogen
- Carbon Dioxide
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Ans: c. Nitrogen
Explanation: Due to the presence of strong triple bond, nitrogen in unreactive. The bond binds the Nitrogen atoms together to make it hard to break the bond. Nitrogen does not react with any other elements at ordinary temperatures. Nitrogen is used at a liquid state for refrigeration.
Ques 6. Changing from Solid state to the gaseous state is known as:
- Vapourization
- Crystallization
- Fusion
- Sublimation
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Ans: d. Sublimation
Explanation: The process of those solid substances which converts directly into the gaseous state, in the form of vapors, without converting into liquid state is called as Sublimation. The solid substance is vaporized under reduced pressure and on a cooled surface, the substance is condensed as a purified compound.
Ques 7. Select one correct option from the following options:
__ is a main component of the Biogas or Gobar Gas.
- Methane
- Nitrogen
- Hydrogen
- Carbon Dioxide
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Ans: a. Methane
Explanation: When the organic waste collected from animals and plants is decomposed using anaerobic decomposition, biogas is produced which is also known as Gobar Gas. Methane gas is colorless and odorless in nature. The gas is also known as Methyl Hydride or Marsh Gas.
Ques 8. Which of the following gases is not a noble gas?
- Helium
- Chlorine
- Neon
- Argon
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Ans: b Chlorine
Explanation: Chlorine is a strong oxidizing agent and is a extremely reactive element. There are only 6 Noble gases which includes Neon, Krypton, Helium, Argon, Radon and Xenon. Noble gases are stable on their own and does not react with other elements and hence, Noble gases are totally unreactive in nature.
Ques 9. At high altitudes, water is boiled at a lower temperature due to
- Low temperatures
- Less latent heat
- Less air pressure
- All of the above
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Ans: c. Less air pressure
Explanation: Due to the decrease in atmospheric pressure, the boiling point of water decreases at higher altitudes. When the vapour pressure of a liquid exceeds the total pressure, the water/liquid starts boiling. Due to the less air pressure, the cooking time increases at higher altitudes due to the decrease in boiling point of the water.
Ques 10. The state of a matter can be changed from one state into another state by:
- Using electrolytes
- Absorbing radiating heat energy
- Increasing pressure
- Using acids and bases
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Ans: b. Absorbing radiating heat energy
Explanation: The energy can neither be created nor be destroyed as per the first law of thermodynamics. The pressure and temperature remains same in the process of phase change with either adding of heat or releasing the same
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