UP Board Syllabus 2027: Class 10, 12 Subject-Wise Topics, PDF Download and Chapter Weightage

Prose extracts from the UPMSP-prescribed Hindi textbook; comprehension questions based on passage; paragraph writing; summary writing on a given extract.

Poems from the UPMSP-prescribed anthology; Ras, Alankar, and Chand (poetic devices); explanation of prescribed stanzas; central idea and appreciation questions.

Sandhi (vowel and consonant); Samas (all six types); Paryayvachi Shabd; Vilom Shabd; Ras identification; Alankar; Muhavare and Lokoktiyan; Vakya Shuddhi (sentence correction).

Tenses (all forms); active and passive voice; direct and indirect speech; articles and prepositions; sentence transformation; modals and determiners; editing tasks; gap-filling exercises.

Polynomials; Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables (graphical and algebraic methods); Quadratic Equations (factorisation, completing the square, quadratic formula); Arithmetic Progressions (nth term, sum of n terms).

Triangles (similarity criteria — AA, SSS, SAS; Basic Proportionality Theorem; Pythagoras Theorem); Circles (tangents from an external point); Constructions (tangents to a circle, similar triangles by given scale factor).

Chemical Reactions and Equations; Acids, Bases and Salts; Metals and Non-metals; Carbon and Its Compounds; Periodic Classification of Elements.

Life Processes (nutrition, respiration, transportation, excretion); Control and Coordination (nervous system, hormones, plant hormones); How do Organisms Reproduce? (asexual and sexual reproduction); Heredity and Evolution (Mendel’s laws, sex determination, evolution theories).

The Rise of Nationalism in Europe; Nationalism in India (Non-Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience Movement); The Making of a Global World; The Age of Industrialisation; Print Culture and the Modern World. Map work is included.

Resources and Development; Forest and Wildlife Resources; Water Resources; Agriculture; Minerals and Energy Resources; Manufacturing Industries; Lifelines of National Economy (transport, trade, communication). Map work is included.

Power Sharing; Federalism; Democracy and Diversity; Gender, Religion and Caste; Popular Struggles and Movements; Political Parties; Outcomes of Democracy; Challenges to Democracy.

Electric Charges and Conservation; Coulomb’s Law; Electric Field Lines; Gauss’s Law; Electric Potential and Potential Energy; Capacitors in Series and Parallel; Dielectrics; Van de Graaff Generator.

Electric Current; Ohm’s Law; Drift Velocity; Resistivity; Kirchhoff’s Laws; Wheatstone Bridge; Meter Bridge; Potentiometer.

Biot-Savart Law; Ampere’s Circuital Law; Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor; Galvanometer; Earth’s Magnetism; Bar Magnet; Magnetic Properties of Materials.

Faraday’s Laws; Lenz’s Law; Mutual and Self-Inductance; AC Generator; RMS Values; LCR Circuit; Resonance; Power in AC Circuits; Transformer.

Ray Optics: Reflection at Spherical Mirrors; Refraction at Spherical Surfaces; Lens Formula; Optical Instruments (microscope, telescope). Wave Optics: Huygens’ Principle; Young’s Double Slit Experiment; Interference; Diffraction; Polarisation.

Rutherford’s Nuclear Model; Bohr’s Model; Hydrogen Spectrum; Composition of Nucleus; Mass Defect; Binding Energy; Radioactivity (alpha, beta, gamma decay); Nuclear Fission; Nuclear Fusion.

Energy Bands (conductor, semiconductor, insulator); p-n Junction Diode; Rectifiers (half-wave, full-wave); Zener Diode; Transistor (CE Configuration, characteristics); Logic Gates (AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR).

Types of Solutions; Concentration Terms (Molarity, Molality, Mole Fraction); Raoult’s Law; Colligative Properties (relative lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure); van’t Hoff Factor; Abnormal Molar Masses.

Electrochemical Cells; Galvanic Cells; Standard Electrode Potential; Nernst Equation; Faraday’s Laws of Electrolysis; Conductance; Kohlrausch Law; Batteries; Fuel Cells; Corrosion.

Rate of Reaction; Factors Affecting Rate; Rate Law; Order and Molecularity; Integrated Rate Equations; Half-Life; Arrhenius Equation; Activation Energy; Collision Theory.

Electronic Configuration; Oxidation States; Properties of Transition Metals; Potassium Permanganate (KMnO₄) and Potassium Dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇): Preparation and Reactions; Lanthanoids and Actinoids: Electronic Configuration and Oxidation States.

Werner’s Theory; IUPAC Nomenclature; Crystal Field Theory; Colour and Magnetic Properties; Isomerism (Geometric, Optical, Structural); Stability Constants.

Nomenclature; Nature of C-X Bond; Preparation; Chemical Reactions — SN1 and SN2 Mechanisms, Elimination; Optical Isomerism; Polyhalogen Compounds (DDT, Freons — environmental effects).

Preparation of Alcohols (from Alkenes, Carbonyl Compounds); Chemical Properties (dehydration, oxidation, esterification); Acidic Nature of Phenols; Reactions of Phenols; Williamson Synthesis for Ethers.

Nomenclature and Nature of Carbonyl Group; Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones; Nucleophilic Addition Reactions; Aldol Condensation; Cannizzaro Reaction; Oxidation and Reduction; Carboxylic Acids: Preparation, Acidity, Reactions (esterification, decarboxylation).

Classification and Nomenclature; Preparation (Gabriel Synthesis, Reduction of Nitro Compounds); Physical and Chemical Properties; Basicity of Amines; Diazonium Salts and Coupling Reactions.

Carbohydrates: Glucose (open-chain and cyclic structures), monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides; Proteins: Amino acids, peptide bonds, primary to quaternary structure, enzymes; Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA. Polymers: Addition and Condensation; Natural and Synthetic Rubber; Nylon; Polyesters; Biodegradable Polymers. Chemistry in Everyday Life: Drugs (analgesics, antibiotics, antacids, antiseptics); Cleansing Agents.

Relations and Functions: Types (reflexive, symmetric, transitive, equivalence), composition, invertible functions. Inverse Trigonometric Functions: Domain, range, principal values, properties and graphs.

Matrices: Types, operations (addition, multiplication, transpose), adjoint, inverse, elementary row operations. Determinants: Properties, cofactors, solving systems of linear equations using Cramer’s Rule and matrix method.

Continuity and Differentiability (chain rule, implicit, log, parametric, Rolle’s and Lagrange’s Mean Value theorems); Applications of Derivatives (tangents and normals, increasing/decreasing functions, maxima and minima); Integrals (indefinite: substitution, integration by parts, partial fractions; definite: properties, fundamental theorem); Applications of Integrals (area between curves); Differential Equations (order, degree, variable separable, homogeneous, linear first-order).

Vector Algebra: Types, addition, dot product, cross product (area of triangle and parallelogram), scalar triple product. Three-Dimensional Geometry: Direction cosines, equation of a line and plane (normal, intercept, and Cartesian forms), angle between planes, distance of a point from a plane, skew lines. Linear Programming: Graphical method, feasible region, corner-point theorem, maximisation and minimisation problems.

Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants (pollination, fertilisation, embryo and seed development); Human Reproduction (male and female reproductive systems, gametogenesis, menstrual cycle, fertilisation, implantation); Reproductive Health (contraception, STDs, MTP, infertility, ART).

Principles of Inheritance and Variation (Mendel’s laws, chromosomal theory, linkage, sex determination, mutation, pedigree analysis, haemophilia, sickle cell anaemia, Down syndrome); Molecular Basis of Inheritance (DNA and RNA structure, replication, transcription, translation, genetic code, lac operon, Human Genome Project, DNA fingerprinting); Evolution (origin of life, Darwinism, Hardy-Weinberg principle, speciation, human evolution).

Human Health and Disease (pathogens, innate and acquired immunity, vaccines, AIDS, cancer, drugs and alcohol abuse); Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production (animal husbandry, plant breeding, tissue culture); Microbes in Human Welfare (biogas, biofertilisers, industrial fermentation, sewage treatment, biocontrol).

Biotechnology — Principles and Processes (recombinant DNA technology, restriction enzymes, cloning vectors, PCR, gel electrophoresis, bioreactors); Biotechnology and Its Applications (GM crops — BT cotton; insulin production; gene therapy; transgenic animals; bioethics and biosafety).

Organisms and Populations (habitat, niche, growth models — exponential and logistic, interspecific interactions); Ecosystem (energy flow, food webs, nutrient cycling — carbon and phosphorus cycles, decomposition, productivity); Biodiversity and Conservation (patterns, threats, in-situ and ex-situ conservation, biodiversity hotspots, biosphere reserves); Environmental Issues (air and water pollution, ozone depletion, deforestation).

Concept, objectives and importance of management; management as Science, Art and Profession; levels of management — top, middle, operational; management functions — planning, organising, staffing, directing, controlling.

Fayol’s 14 Principles of Management (division of work, authority and responsibility, discipline, unity of command, unity of direction, subordination of individual interest, remuneration, centralisation, scalar chain, order, equity, stability, initiative, esprit de corps); Taylor’s Scientific Management — principles and techniques (functional foremanship, standardisation, work study, differential piece wage plan); comparison of Fayol and Taylor.

Concept and importance of business environment; dimensions — economic, social, technological, political, legal (PESTLE); impact of government policy changes on business — liberalisation, privatisation, globalisation, demonetisation, introduction of GST; how businesses monitor their environment.

Concept, importance and limitations of planning; planning process (setting objectives, developing premises, identifying alternatives, evaluating, selecting, implementing, follow-up); types of plans — objectives, strategy, policy, procedure, method, rule, budget, programme.

Concept and importance; organising process (identification of activities, departmentalisation, assignment of duties, establishing reporting relationships); formal and informal organisations; delegation — elements (authority, responsibility, accountability) and importance; decentralisation — concept, importance, and difference from delegation.

Staffing as a function of HRM; staffing process; recruitment — sources (internal and external); selection — process (application blank, written test, interview, medical test, appointment letter); training and development — methods: on-the-job (apprenticeship, internship, job rotation, coaching) and off-the-job (vestibule, classroom, simulation).

Concept and importance; elements of directing — supervision, motivation, leadership, communication. Motivation: concept, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs (physiological, safety, social, esteem, self-actualisation), financial incentives (pay, bonus, profit sharing) and non-financial incentives (recognition, job enrichment, autonomy). Leadership: concept and styles (autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire). Communication: types (formal and informal), formal channels (downward, upward, horizontal), barriers and how to overcome them.

Concept, importance and limitations; relationship between planning and controlling; steps in control process (setting standards, measuring actual performance, comparing, analysing deviations, taking corrective action); traditional techniques (personal observation, statistical reports, budgetary control) and modern techniques (ROI, ratio analysis, PERT and CPM).

Concept, role and objectives of financial management; financial decisions — investment decision (capital budgeting), financing decision (capital structure, leverage), dividend decision; financial planning — concept and importance; fixed capital and working capital — meaning and factors affecting their requirements.

Concept of financial market; money market instruments — treasury bill, commercial paper, certificate of deposit, call money, trade bill; capital market — primary market (IPO, FPO) and secondary market; NSE and BSE; stock exchange — functions and trading procedure (DEMAT account, online trading, settlement); SEBI — objectives, functions and powers.

Marketing concept and functions; marketing management philosophies (production, product, selling, marketing, societal marketing concepts); marketing mix — 4Ps (product, price, place, promotion). Product: concept, branding, labelling, packaging. Price: concept, factors affecting pricing decisions (demand, cost, competition, government regulation). Physical distribution: concept, types of channels (direct and indirect), logistics (warehousing, transportation). Promotion: advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, public relations.

Concept and importance; Consumer Protection Act 2019 — rights and responsibilities of consumers; consumer courts — district commission (up to ₹1 crore), state commission (₹1–10 crore), national commission (above ₹10 crore); role of consumer organisations and NGOs in consumer protection.

Accounting for Partnership Firms — Fundamentals; Goodwill (valuation methods); Reconstitution — Admission (new profit sharing ratio, sacrificing ratio, revaluation, balance sheet), Retirement (gaining ratio, revaluation, settlement), Death; Dissolution. Company Accounts — Issue and Forfeiture of Shares (at par, at premium, at discount); Issue and Redemption of Debentures.

Introduction to Economics; Consumer Equilibrium and Demand (indifference curve, law of demand, price and income elasticity); Producer Behaviour and Supply (production function, returns to a factor, cost curves, supply, elasticity of supply); Forms of Market and Price Determination (perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition).

National Income and Related Aggregates (GDP, NDP, GNP, NNP; methods of measurement); Money and Banking (RBI functions, commercial bank credit creation); Determination of Income and Employment (AD-AS model, multiplier); Government Budget and the Economy (fiscal deficit, primary deficit); Balance of Payments.