WBCHSE HS Syllabus 2027: Science, Arts, Commerce Topics, Weightage and PDF Download

Electric charges and their conservation; Coulomb’s law; superposition principle; electric field lines; electric dipole; torque on a dipole; Gauss’s theorem and its applications; electric potential; potential due to a point charge, dipole, and system of charges; equipotential surfaces; conductors and insulators; dielectrics and polarisation; capacitors (series and parallel); energy stored in a capacitor.

Electric current; drift velocity; Ohm’s law; electrical resistivity and conductivity; temperature dependence of resistance; V-I characteristics; EMF and internal resistance; Kirchhoff’s laws; Wheatstone bridge; meter bridge; potentiometer — comparison of EMFs and internal resistance measurement.

Biot-Savart law; Ampere’s law; solenoid and toroid; force on a moving charge; cyclotron; force between two parallel current-carrying conductors; torque on a current loop; moving coil galvanometer; bar magnet and its properties; Earth’s magnetic field; diamagnetic, paramagnetic, and ferromagnetic substances; hysteresis; permanent magnets and electromagnets.

Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction; Lenz’s law; motional EMF; self-inductance; mutual inductance; AC voltage applied to resistor, inductor, capacitor; series LCR circuit; resonance; power in AC circuits; power factor; wattless current; LC oscillations; transformer; AC generator.

Displacement current; electromagnetic waves — nature and characteristics; transverse nature of EM waves; electromagnetic spectrum: radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays — their properties and uses.

Reflection at spherical mirrors; refraction at plane and spherical surfaces; total internal reflection; lenses (convex, concave); lens maker’s equation; power of a lens; microscope and telescope; scattering of light; wave optics — Huygens’ principle; Young’s double slit experiment; interference; diffraction (single slit); resolving power; polarisation by Malus’s law and Brewster’s law.

Photoelectric effect; Einstein’s photoelectric equation; Millikan’s experiment; work function; threshold frequency; stopping potential; de Broglie hypothesis; matter waves; Davisson-Germer experiment.

Rutherford’s nuclear model; Bohr model of hydrogen atom; hydrogen spectrum; energy levels; nuclear size; mass defect; binding energy; radioactivity; alpha, beta, gamma decay; half-life; radioactive decay law; nuclear fission; nuclear fusion; nuclear reactor.

Energy bands in solids; intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors (n-type and p-type); p-n junction diode; half-wave and full-wave rectifiers; Zener diode as voltage regulator; transistors (n-p-n and p-n-p); common emitter amplifier; transistor as a switch; logic gates — NOT, AND, OR, NAND, NOR; universal gates.

Elements of a communication system; bandwidth of signals; bandwidth of transmission medium; propagation of electromagnetic waves; sky wave and space wave propagation; amplitude modulation (AM); frequency modulation (FM); basic concepts of internet and satellite communication.

Types of solids (ionic, covalent, metallic, molecular); crystal lattice; unit cell; close packing (hcp, ccp); voids; packing efficiency; point defects (Schottky, Frenkel); electrical and magnetic properties.

Types of solutions; Henry’s law; Raoult’s law; ideal and non-ideal solutions; colligative properties — lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure; Van’t Hoff factor; abnormal molar masses.

Redox reactions; electrolytic conduction; Kohlrausch’s law; Faraday’s laws of electrolysis; galvanic cell; electrode potential; standard electrode potential; EMF of a cell; Nernst equation; equilibrium constant from EMF; fuel cells; corrosion.

Rate of a reaction; factors affecting rate; rate law; order and molecularity; integrated rate equations (zero order, first order); half-life; Arrhenius equation; activation energy; collision theory of reaction rates.

Adsorption (physical and chemical); adsorption isotherm; catalysis (homogeneous, heterogeneous); colloids — preparation, properties, Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis, coagulation; emulsions; micelles.

Occurrence and concentration of ores; calcination; roasting; smelting; reduction (chemical, electrolytic, thermite); refining — distillation, liquation, zone refining, electrolytic refining; extraction of iron, copper, zinc, aluminium.

Group 15 (nitrogen family): allotropes of phosphorus, oxides of nitrogen, phosphorous oxyacids; Group 16 (oxygen family): ozone preparation and properties, sulphur and its compounds; Group 17 (halogens): trends in properties, interhalogen compounds, oxoacids; Group 18 (noble gases): occurrence, properties, uses.

Electronic configuration of transition metals; general characteristics; potassium dichromate (preparation, properties, uses); potassium permanganate (preparation, properties, uses); lanthanoids — electronic configuration, oxidation states, lanthanoid contraction; actinoids.

IUPAC nomenclature of coordination compounds; Werner’s theory; bonding theories — Valence Bond Theory (VBT) and Crystal Field Theory (CFT); isomerism (geometric and optical); colour and magnetic properties; importance of coordination compounds.

Classification and nomenclature; preparation and reactions of haloalkanes and haloarenes; SN1 and SN2 reactions; elimination reactions; preparation and chemical reactions of alcohols, phenols, and ethers; distinctions and interconversions.

Preparation and physical properties; nucleophilic addition reactions; aldol condensation; Cannizzaro reaction; reactions of carboxylic acids; acidity; esterification; Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction.

Classification and nomenclature; structure; basicity; methods of preparation; physical and chemical properties; reactions — Hinsberg test, carbylamine reaction, coupling reaction; diazonium salts — preparation and importance in synthesis.

Carbohydrates (mono-, di-, polysaccharides); proteins (amino acids, peptide bond, structure); enzymes; vitamins; hormones; nucleic acids (DNA and RNA); addition and condensation polymers; natural and synthetic rubber; biodegradable polymers; drugs — analgesics, antiseptics, antibiotics; food preservatives; cleansing agents.

Types of relations — reflexive, symmetric, transitive, equivalence; types of functions — one-one (injective), onto (surjective), bijective; composition of functions; invertible functions; binary operations and their properties.

Matrices — types, equality, operations (addition, multiplication, transpose); symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices; invertible matrices; determinants — properties, cofactors, adjoint, inverse; applications to solution of system of linear equations using Cramer’s rule and matrix inversion method.

Continuity and differentiability; derivatives of composite, inverse trigonometric, implicit, and parametric functions; second-order derivatives; Rolle’s theorem; Lagrange’s mean value theorem; increasing and decreasing functions; tangents and normals; approximations; maxima and minima; indefinite integrals — substitution, integration by parts, partial fractions; definite integrals; area under curves; differential equations — order, degree, formation; methods of solution — variable separable, homogeneous, linear first-order.

Vectors — types, addition, scalar (dot) product, vector (cross) product; direction cosines and direction ratios; equation of a line in 3D (vector and Cartesian forms); equation of a plane; angle between two lines/planes; distance of a point from a plane; coplanarity of lines.

Introduction to linear programming; objective function; feasible region; bounded and unbounded regions; graphical method of solution; types of LPP — diet problem, manufacturing problem, allocation problem.

Conditional probability; multiplication theorem; independent events; total probability; Bayes’ theorem; random variables and probability distributions; expected value, variance, and standard deviation; Bernoulli trials; binomial distribution.

Modes of reproduction in organisms; vegetative propagation; sexual reproduction in flowering plants — flower structure; microsporogenesis; megasporogenesis; pollination (self and cross); fertilisation; embryo development; seed and fruit formation; apomixis; polyembryony.

Mendel’s laws of inheritance; deviations from Mendelism — incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles; chromosomal theory of inheritance; linkage and crossing over; sex determination; mutation; DNA structure and replication; transcription and translation; genetic code; gene regulation — lac operon; Human Genome Project; DNA fingerprinting.

Organisms and populations — niches, population interactions; ecosystem — structure, function, energy flow, food chain, food web; nutrient cycling (carbon, phosphorous); ecosystem services; biodiversity — types, patterns, importance, threats, loss; conservation (in-situ and ex-situ); environmental issues — air, water, soil pollution; ozone depletion; global warming; deforestation.

Male and female reproductive systems; gametogenesis (spermatogenesis, oogenesis); menstrual cycle; fertilisation; embryonic development; implantation; parturition; lactation; birth control methods; sexually transmitted diseases (STDs); infertility and assisted reproductive technologies.

Origin of life — chemical evolution; Miller-Urey experiment; Darwinism and Neo-Darwinism; natural selection; types of natural selection; Hardy-Weinberg principle; speciation; evidences of evolution — palaeontological, embryological, anatomical (homologous and analogous organs); human evolution.

Pathogens and common diseases — typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, malaria, amoebiasis, ascariasis, ringworm, cancer, AIDS; immune system — innate and acquired immunity; vaccination; drugs and alcohol abuse — effects and prevention.

Principles of recombinant DNA technology; restriction enzymes; cloning vectors; PCR; gel electrophoresis; transgenic organisms; Bt cotton and Bt brinjal; bioreactor; gene therapy; ELISA; bioethics and biosafety.

Microbes in food processing (curd, cheese, bread, vinegar); industrial products (antibiotics, alcohol, organic acids); sewage treatment — primary and secondary; biogas production; microbes as biocontrol agents; biofertilisers (Rhizobium, Azospirillum, Anabaena).

Industrial Revolution in Britain — causes and phases; changes in agriculture, industry, transport; emergence of capitalism; labour conditions; imperialism and colonialism; economic impact on India.

Formation of Indian National Congress; Moderate and Extremist phases; Swadeshi Movement; Partition of Bengal (1905); Non-Cooperation Movement; Civil Disobedience Movement (1930); Quit India Movement (1942); role of Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhas Chandra Bose; Indian Independence Act (1947); Partition of India.

Background to the Russian Revolution; 1917 revolution — February and October; Bolshevik rule under Lenin; Stalinist collectivisation and five-year plans; rise of communism and its global spread.

Causes of World War I; Treaty of Versailles; rise of fascism (Italy) and Nazism (Germany); causes of World War II; Holocaust; atomic bombing of Japan; Cold War — emergence, phases, key crises (Berlin, Cuba); NATO and Warsaw Pact.

Decolonisation in Asia and Africa; China under Mao (People’s Republic, 1949); Korean War; Non-Aligned Movement; India’s foreign policy after independence; Bandung Conference; United Nations — formation and role; globalisation.

Geomorphic processes — weathering, mass wasting, erosion, deposition; work of river, wind, glaciers, sea waves; landforms; atmospheric circulation; world climate types; Indian monsoon mechanism; oceanography — tides, waves, currents.

Physiographic divisions of India; drainage systems (Himalayan and Peninsular rivers); climate of India — monsoon, seasons; natural vegetation and forests; major soil types; natural hazards in India.

Population distribution; density and growth; migration; human development index; rural and urban settlements; primary, secondary, and tertiary economic activities; trade and transport; globalisation and world economy.

Land use and agriculture in India; major crops and their distribution; Green Revolution; major industries — iron and steel, cotton textile, petrochemicals, IT; roadways, railways, waterways, airways; international trade of India; West Bengal — physical features, agriculture, industries, transport.

Map projections (cylindrical, conical, zenithal); topographic map reading and interpretation; statistical maps; graphs — bar, line, pie; remote sensing basics; GIS introduction; map-based practical questions.

Concept of the state; sovereignty; liberty (negative and positive); equality (social, political, economic); justice (distributive, retributive); rights and duties; democracy — types and features; secularism; nationalism and its critiques.

Preamble; Fundamental Rights (Articles 12–35); Directive Principles of State Policy; Parliament — Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, powers and functions; President and Prime Minister; Supreme Court and judicial review; federal structure; centre-state relations; emergency provisions; constitutional amendments.

Election Commission of India; electoral process and recent reforms; political parties and party system; coalition governments; pressure groups and interest groups; civil society organisations; Panchayati Raj and urban local bodies — structure and powers.

India’s foreign policy — Non-Aligned Movement, Panchsheel; India’s relations with neighbouring countries (Pakistan, China, Bangladesh, Nepal); United Nations — organs, Security Council, General Assembly; globalisation and its effects; human rights — UN Declaration; environmental diplomacy; nuclear policy.

Partnership deed; fixed and fluctuating capital accounts; admission of a new partner — goodwill valuation, revaluation of assets, change in profit-sharing ratio; retirement and death of a partner — calculation of share of profit, executor’s account; dissolution of a partnership firm.

Issue of shares (at par, premium, discount); forfeiture and reissue of shares; issue and redemption of debentures; profit and loss account; balance sheet of a company; final accounts preparation.

Comparative financial statements; common size statements; ratio analysis — liquidity ratios (current, quick), solvency ratios (debt-equity), profitability ratios (gross profit, net profit, return on investment), activity ratios (inventory turnover, debtors turnover); cash flow statement (direct and indirect method).

Introduction to accounting software; creating a company in accounting software; chart of accounts; voucher entry (payment, receipt, journal, sales, purchase); generating financial reports; advantages of computerised accounting over manual accounting.

Demand — law, determinants, elasticity; supply — law, determinants, elasticity; consumer behaviour — utility analysis, indifference curve analysis, budget line, consumer’s equilibrium; production function — short-run and long-run; law of variable proportions; returns to scale; cost curves; market forms — perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, oligopoly; pricing and output under different markets.

National income — concepts (GDP, GNP, NNP, NI, PI, DI); circular flow of income; methods of measurement; aggregate demand and supply; Keynesian theory of income determination; multiplier; money — functions, types; commercial banks — credit creation; central bank — functions, monetary policy; government budget — types, components, deficit; balance of payments; exchange rate determination.

Economic development under planning — five-year plans; LPG reforms (liberalisation, privatisation, globalisation) since 1991; poverty — concepts, measurement, causes, programmes; unemployment — types, causes, government schemes; agriculture — importance, challenges, Green Revolution, land reforms; industry — industrial policy, small-scale industries; infrastructure — energy, transport, communication, health; sustainable economic development; Human Development Index for India.