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Blood circulatory system refers to the circulatory system consisting of blood vessels that carries blood to and from the heart to the other parts of the body. Blood is carried by both arteries and veins, arteries help in carrying blood from the heart to the other parts of the body and the veins help in carrying blood from other parts of the body to the heart. The arteries carry nutrients, oxygen and hormones to the cells and carry carbon dioxide from the cells.
Blood Definition
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Blood is the red colored fluid that flows down in our body. The circulatory system circulates the air inhaled, nutrients from the food to all organs of the body but it requires a medium for this process which can penetrate every organ starting from toe to brain, and other than fluid there is no other medium suitable for it.
Blood
Blood is present in every tissue and every cell of our body and acts as a medium for the flow of nutrients, collection of waste materials, and in this process of circulation, it uses many organs such as the heart, veins, arteries, lungs for circulation all over the body. The blood cells are of three types:
- Red blood cells
- White blood cells
- Platelets
Red Blood Cells:
These are the ones that carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body also called erythrocytes.
White Blood cells:
These are the ones that help to fight infections and aid the immune process also called leukocytes. Lymphocytes also fall into the category of white blood cells.
Platelets:
Platelets are small colorless cell fragments in our blood that are helpful for blood clotting. These are very essential to prevent bleeding; these are also called thrombocytes.
Blood Circulation Process
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Blood circulation takes place in a systematic procedure in which the heart, capillaries, arteries, and tissues all are interconnected; the main process of blood circulation starts at the heart.
Heart:
The heart is present in the thoracic cavity between two lungs slightly tilted towards the left. It is protected by pericardial fluid. It has 4 chambers in which 2 are upper chambers called atria and 2 lower are called ventricles, valves are there to separate atria and ventricles both atria and ventricles are separated by an interatrial septum and interventricular septum.
The heartbeat of the heart regulates the blood circulation process. Firstly, the blood first enters the right atria and then through the tricuspid valve it enters the right ventricle then for each heartbeat the blood enters into the pulmonary artery of the lungs, in the lungs there it mixes with the oxygen of the lungs then it enters into the left atria and then to left ventricle finally to the arteries. From arteries, it is distributed to the veins and then distributed all over the body.
Blood Circulation in Heart
Lungs:
This is the vital organ for blood circulation after blood circulation all over the body deoxygenated blood from all over the body enters back to the heart through a system of veins, with the help of the pulmonary artery this blood reaches the lungs, and deoxygenated components are exhaled out as carbon dioxide and blood here mixes with rich oxygen content.
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Blood Circulatory Systems
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There are 3 main types of blood circulatory systems:
Systemic Circulation:
In systemic circulation, the blood from the heart is transported to tissues where it collects the wastes and turns de-oxygenated which again returns to the heart.
Systemic Circulation
Coronary Circulation:
In coronary circulation, It circulates the blood with rich oxygen content to the heart and deoxygenated blood is drained away by the cardiac veins.
Coronary Circulation
Pulmonary Circulation:
Pulmonary circulation is mainly for the purification of blood. It carries away deoxygenated blood from the heart and returns purified blood to the heart it occurs in the Lungs.
Pulmonary Circulation
Factors affecting Effective Blood Circulation
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- Exercise regularly.
- Oils and fats lead to blockage of valves in the heart so better to control them as far as possible.
- Drink Black tea or green tea.
- Take iron-rich supplements in your food.
- Wear compression socks to elevate your legs.
- Swimming, cycling, boxing, and running will aid in better circulation.
- Trans fat, saturated fats have adverse effects on circulation so better to avoid them.
- Vitamin B3 reduces inflammation and bad cholesterol.
- Smoking will damage the lungs which reduces circulation.
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Points to Remember
- Blood circulatory system is a part of unit 5, Human Physiology chapter 18, Body fluids and circulation and carries a total of 3 to 4 marks.
- Blood circulation starts when the heart relaxes between two heartbeats.
- Lungs are an essential part of the purification of blood.
- It is also known as the cardiovascular system.
- Veins are spread all over the blood helps in the transfer of blood cells
- This system helps the body to maintain normal temperature, builds immunity, and reduces pressure inside the body.
- Over 33% weightage is for circulatory systems.
Sample Questions
Ques 1. What is the role of arteries in blood circulation? (1 mark)
Ans. Arteries carry the blood away from the heart for both purification and circulation all over the body.
Ques 2. Which valve is present between the right atria and right ventricle? (1 mark)
Ans. Tricuspid valve is present between right atria and right ventricle.
Ques 3. How are heart valves opened? (1 mark)
Ans. Heart valves are opened at the time of heartbeat.
Ques 4. What is the use of pericardial fluid around the heart? (1 mark)
Ans. Pericardial fluid allows the movement of the heart and aids in the smooth functioning of the heart.
Ques 5. What is the pacemaker of the heart? (1 mark)
Ans. Sino Atrial node is known as the pacemaker of the heart as it can generate 70-75 action potentials per minute.
Ques 6. Explain the process of blood entering the heart? (1 mark)
Ans. Blood enters the heart through vena cava when the atria of the heart relaxes, contracts while pumping.
Ques 7. What is the time taken by the blood to circulate all over the body? (1 mark)
Ans. Approximately 30 seconds are required for the blood to circulate all over the body.
Ques 8. How many times blood circulates in a day? (1 mark)
Ans. Blood circulates in our body about 100,000 times per day.
Ques 9. What is the difference between blood and lymph? (4 marks)
Ans. The differences are:
| Blood | Lymph |
|---|---|
| It has plasma, leucocytes, platelets and erythrocytes. | It has leukocytes and plasma. |
| Due to the presence of hemoglobin and erythrocytes it is red in colour. | Due to the absence of hemoglobin it is colourless. |
| Plasma has a higher quantity of proteins, calcium and phosphorus. | Contains less amount of calcium and phosphorus. |
| It acts as a vehicle and transports materials to and from the tissues. | It acts as a middle-man and transports materials to and from blood to the body cells. |
Ques 10. Why is blood considered as a connective tissue? (2 marks)
Ans. A connective tissue is referred to as the one that helps in connecting various tissues or organs present in the body. It has living free cells and an extracellular matrix and blood is considered as a vascular connective tissue. It helps in the transportation of materials from one place to another, hence connecting various parts of the body.
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