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Erosion and corrosion are surface phenomena. In erosion, the upper surface of the soil is removed by the action of wind, air, and water; on the other hand corrosion is the disintegration of the surface of the metal by air and water. Both the above processes can occur by natural or anthropogenic activities.
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Key Takeaways: Erosion, Surface, Galvanization, Corrosion, Rusting
Erosion
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Erosion is a process by which the upper layer of the earth's surface is removed by the action of wind, water, or air and the removed surface relocates to some other segment of the earth’s crust.
Soil Erosion
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Types of Erosion
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- Sheet Erosion – In this type of erosion the loosely bounded soil particles from the topsoil are removed in the form of sheets & layers by the action of wind. It is also known as reel erosion.
- Splash Erosion – This type of erosion is caused due to the force exerted on the soil by the raindrops as a result of which breaks the crump of soil and further erodes the surface. Hence this type of erosion is also known as raindrop erosion.
- Scalding – It is caused when a large area of soil gets eroded by the action of wind leaving the surface saline.
- Gully Erosion – The erosion in which the portion of soil is removed leaving behind a structure like drain lines can be termed as gully erosion.
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Corrosion
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Corrosion is the disintegration of the metallic surface by the action of water or air. It is usually seen in metals that are placed higher in reactive series because they undergo oxidation reaction easily when compared to metals placed lower in reactivity series such as gold, platinum, silver, etc.
Formation of Rust is an example of Corrosion
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Difference between Erosion and Corrosion
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Key differences between Erosion and Corrosion are tabulated below.
| Erosion | Corrosion |
|---|---|
| Erosion is a process in which the upper layer of soil gets eroded by the action of natural processes. | Corrosion is the disintegration of a metallic surface in reaction with gaseous substances like sulphur dioxide, oxygen, carbon dioxide. |
| Erosion is a physical process | Corrosion is a chemical process. It is usually seen in metals that are placed higher in reactive series because they undergo oxidation reactions. |
Erosion is caused due to:
| Corrosion is caused due to:
|
Erosion can be prevented by:
| Corrosion can be prevented by:
|
Things to Remember
- Electroplating and galvanization are methods to prevent corrosion by applying a zinc coating or any other metal coating to the surface of the metal.
- Aluminium in its oxide form is used as a metallic coating to provide a protective covering to the metals which corrode easily.
- Mulching of soil is covering the soil with inorganic or organic material to prevent soil erosion and make the soil fertile and favorable.
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Sample Questions
Ques. Why aluminium is used as a metal coating to prevent corrosion even though it is very reactive in nature? (2 marks)
Ans. Aluminium is placed higher in reactive series and is a reactive metal, unlike other reactive metals it does not allow its surface to corrode because it is already covered by an oxide layer that protects its surface by forming an insoluble protecting layer. That is why Aluminium in its oxide form is used as a metallic coating to provide a protective covering to the metals which corrode easily.
Ques. What do you understand from ‘rusting of Iron’? (2 marks)
Ans. When iron reacts with air and moisture it forms rust. Iron reacts with oxygen present in the air to form iron oxide. This weakens the bonds between atoms of iron in the lattice. Rust is made up of two different types of iron having varying oxidation states.
- Iron(III) – It is known as ferric oxide having oxidation number 3.
- Iron(II) – It is known as ferrous oxide having oxidation number 2.
Ques. What do you understand by the term Mulching of soil? (2 marks)
Ans. Mulching of soil is covering the soil with inorganic or organic material to prevent soil erosion and make the soil fertile and favorable for the growth of plants.
Organic materials – wood chips, twigs, straws, pebbles, dust, etc.
Inorganic materials – Rubber & Plastic.
Ques. Write any five basic differences between Erosion & Corrosion? (2 marks)
Ans.
| Erosion | Corrosion |
|---|---|
| Occurs on the surface of the land | Occurs on the surface of the metal |
| It is a physical process | It is a chemical process. |
| Caused by natural agents like wind, air, water and human activities. | Caused by air & moisture. |
| Can be prevented by planting more and more trees. | Can be prevented by painting and greasing. |
| Example – sheet erosion, splash erosion, gully erosion, etc. | Example – electroplating, galvanization, oiling & greasing, etc. |
| Erosion is a process by which the upper layer of the earth's surface is removed by the action of wind, water or air and the removed surface relocates to some other segment of the earth’s crust. | It is the disintegration of the metallic surface by the action of water or air. It is usually seen in metals that are placed higher in reactive series because they undergo oxidation reaction easily when compared to metals placed lower in reactivity series such as gold, platinum, silver, etc. |
Ques. Explain factors affecting Corrosion. (2 marks)
Ans. There are various factors that affect the rate of corrosion.
- Temperature – rusting increases with the rise in temperature.
- Saline – saline water or salt increases the rusting process.
- pH – Acidic pH accelerates the process of rusting. For example, acid rain does a lot of damage to the infrastructure if it is not rust-proof.
Ques. Explain sheet and gully erosion? (2 marks)
Ans.
Sheet Erosion – In this type of erosion, the loosely bound soil particles from the topsoil are removed in the form of sheets & layers by the action of wind. It is also known as reel erosion.
Gully Erosion – The erosion in which the portion of soil is removed leaving behind a structure like drain lines can be termed as gully erosion.
Ques. Differentiate between splash erosion and scalding. (2 marks)
Ans.
Splash Erosion – This type of erosion is caused due to the force exerted on the soil by the raindrops as a result of which breaks the crump of soil and further erodes the surface. Hence this type of erosion is also known as raindrop erosion.
Scalding – It is caused when a large area of soil gets eroded by the action of wind leaving the surface saline.
Ques. What do you understand by the terms electroplating and galvanizing? (2 marks)
Ans. Electroplating and galvanization are methods to prevent corrosion by applying a zinc coating or any other metal coating to the surface of metals and reducing friction and damages caused due wear and tear.
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