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A material which consists of thin and continuous strands is called fibre. Fibre may be categorized into – herbal fibre and artificial fibre. Fibres acquired from plant life and animals are called herbal fibres. Examples of herbal fibres include cotton and wool. Examples of artificial fibres include – nylon, polyester, etc. Wool is a herbal animal fibre acquired from sheep, goats, yaks, camels, etc. All those animals have outer masking of hair, that is shaved off to attain wool fibres.
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Key Terms: Wool, Extraction, sheep, Shearing, Fibres, sorting, Resistance
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Extraction of Wool from Sheep Step by Step
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From sheep: Sheep hair has varieties of fibres – the beard hair and skin hair. The skin hair affords the fibre to make wool. The system of creating fibre into wool follows a chain of processes:
Shearing → Scouring → Sorting → Dyeing → Straightening, Rolling and Combing
Shearing: This is step one of processing fibre into wool. In this technique, the fleece of the sheep at the side of a skinny layer of pores and skin is eliminated. This system is achieved in spring climate as sheep do now no longer require the outer pores and skin to maintain their heat. Shearing is frequently achieved through machines or on occasion through hands.
Scouring: After the shearing system, the sheared hair is washed in large tanks to take away grease, dirt, and dust through automated machines. This system of washing sheared hair is called scouring.
Sorting: In sorting, hairs of various textures and brands are taken care of. Now we will differentiate among low and excellent fine fibres. The excellent fine fibres are used for garments and the decreased fine is used for making rugs. The fleece is taken care of consistent with kind and texture.
Dyeing: This system entails the colouring of fibres in distinct hues because the herbal fibre is typically white, black or brown.
Extraction of Wools
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Animals Yielding Wool
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Wool fibres are acquired from sheep, goats, angora rabbits, goats, alpaca or even camels.
Sheep – Most sheep have varieties of hair from which the wool is acquired. The outer coarse hair is called Kemp. The exceptional, tender undercoat near the pores and skin is the proper wool from which wool fibre is acquired.
Cashmere goat – The exceptional tender fibre acquired from the undercoat of the cashmere goat is known as cashmere. The outer coat hair fibres are pretty coarse and great cashmere is acquired through “dehairing” or combing. Cashmere goats are discovered best in mountain areas of China.
Yak – Yaks are discovered in Tibet and Ladakh. Their coats encompass outer lengthy coat hair and an undercoat of tender and silky wool. The colour commonly degrees from brown to black.
Camel – Camel fleece includes a tender, exceptional undercoat and an overcoat of lengthy coarse hair that grows up to fifteen inches lengthy. Camel wool is taken into consideration as a healthful herbal product. It has great thermal insulation residences.
Angora rabbit – Soft white fibre is known as raw wool is acquired from the angora rabbit. Stiff, lengthy, shield hair developing thru the tender coat needs to be eliminated earlier than the fur from those rabbits is combed out. The tender white fur acquired is then spun into yarn which is used to make sweaters.
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Uses of Wool
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People use wool for heaps of years for each purposeful and ornamental purpose. This fibre has some the advantages, such as flexibility, durability, and water resistance. Products crafted from wool are:
- Woollen garments
- Blankets
- Boots
- Saddle cloths
- Horse Rugs
- Seat covers
Properties and Quality of Wool
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Durability – Wool is a difficult fibre that stays that keeps its high-quality look for a protracted time.
Absorption of moisture – As a cloth wool attracts moisture from the frame and absorbs it internal its fibres. Heat is generated because the moisture is absorbed in order that the garment remains heat without feeling wet.
Resistance to dust – Wool fibres have an outer layer of scales that lessen the cap potential of dust and dirt to penetrate the fibre.
Resistance to fire – One of the residences of wool is that it does now no longer burn easily. When subjected to flames, it's going to smoulder instead.
Repel nature – Even eleven though wool absorbs moisture the scales at the outer layer of every fibre repel liquids.
Insulating nature – Tiny gaps are gifts among the fibres. These are packed with bubbles of air, which warmth up because the moisture withinside the centre of the fibre heats up, making wool a really perfect insulator.
Things to Remember
- A material, which consists of skinny and non-stop strands is called fibre.
- Extraction of Wool from Sheep Step by Step: Shearing → Scouring → Sorting → Dyeing → Straightening, Rolling and Combing
- Properties and various Applications of wool.
- Various Animal which yields wool
- Fibres of animal origin are called animal fibres, such as wool.
- Wool is obtained from the wool of animals such as goats, sheep, yak, alpaca, llama, and sheep.
- Hairy animals have thick coats that hold a lot of air. Because of their poor thermal conductivity, wool keeps these animals warm.
- Fine, soft hair fibres are used to make wool.
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Sample Questions
Ques. What is scouring of wool? (2 Marks)
Ans: The first mechanical technique the wool is going thru, to extract grease and soil from the fleece, is scouring or cleaning. Carbonizing is unique to the woollen technique and, after scouring, breaks down any residual impurities.
Ques. What are the primary assets of wool? (2 Marks)
Ans: The wool comes from cattle, goats, yaks, and different beasts. These wool-yielding species put on the fur on their bodies and their hair continues them heat and wool is derived from those bushy fibres.
Ques. Which disorder is prompted because of the wool industry? (2 Marks)
Ans: Anthrax is an artificial infection normally related to wool textiles. At one time it become a super risk, mainly for wool sorters, however, withinside the wool fabric industry, it become nearly completely regulated attributable to adjustments in manufacturing techniques in exporting international locations wherein anthrax is endemic.
Ques. Which sort of wool is warmest? (2 Marks)
Ans: Angora wool is extraordinarily fluffy and has the best thermal retention ( and a 1/2 of instances chillier than sheep`s wool) of any herbal fibre. It additionally has the finest traits of any herbal fibre for moisture-wicking.
Ques. What are the properties of wool? (2 Marks)
Ans:
- Durability
- Absorption of moisture.
- Resistance to dust
- Resistance to fire
- repels nature
- Insulating nature
Ques. What are the uses of wool? (2 Marks)
Ans: Wool is used for many purposes like
- Woollen garments
- Blankets
- Boots
- Saddle cloths
- Horse Rugs
- Seat covers
Ques. What are the steps involved in extraction of wool? (2 Marks)
Ans: The process involved in the extraction of wool includes: Shearing → Scouring → Sorting → Dyeing → Straightening, Rolling and Combing
Ques. What is shearing? (2 Marks)
Ans: The process of removing wool from a sheep's body is called hair cutting. The person who removes wool is called Shearer. Do it manually using hair clippers or scissors. It also takes place in hair clippers.
Ques. Which process occurs after sorting in wool production? (2 Marks)
Ans: After cutting the hair, wash the cut hair in a large tank and remove grease, dust and dirt with an automatic machine. This process of washing shaved hair is called scouring. When sorting, different textures and types of hair are sorted. This allows you to distinguish between inferior and good fibers.
Ques. What color is wool? (2 Marks)
Ans: Wool absorbs sound like many other fabrics. Some varieties of sheep produce natural colors such as black, tan, silver and a random mixture, but it is generally a creamy white color.
Ques. Why is wool an important fiber? (2 Marks)
Ans: Wool fibres have a natural protective outer layer, as their main function is to protect the sheep's body from the environment. This prevents dirt and dirt from being absorbed and leaves dirt on the surface for easy removal.
Ques. Does wool absorb water? (2 Marks)
Ans: Wool is a complex material composed of cuticle and epicuticle cells surrounded by a cell membrane complex. Wool fibers absorb moisture in the air and absorb a significant amount of liquid when immersed in water.
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