Class 11 Geography Chapter 14 NCERT Solutions 2026-27

Quick solution. The correct answers are (i) all organisms, (ii) danger of extinction, (iii) conservation, (iv) tropical regions and (v) Brazil.

Concept used. The question checks direct NCERT facts. Biodiversity conservation protects all living organisms. Threatened species face extinction risk. National parks and sanctuaries protect biodiversity. Tropical regions have richer biodiversity, and the 1992 Earth Summit was held in Brazil.

1. Conservation of biodiversity protects the living variety of the whole biosphere, so it is important for all organisms.
2. Threatened species are species suffering from the danger of extinction. They need planned protection.
3. National parks and sanctuaries are protected areas. Their main purpose is conservation, not hunting or recreation.
4. Biodiversity is richer in tropical regions because heat and moisture support more species and habitats.
5. The Earth Summit linked with the Convention on Biodiversity was held at Rio de Janeiro in Brazil in June 1992.

Final answer: The correct sequence is (i) (d), (ii) (d), (iii) (d), (iv) (a), and (v) (c).

Quick solution. Biodiversity is the variety of life at genetic, species and ecosystem levels. Hotspots are rich but threatened areas. Animals support food, livelihoods, pollination and balance, while exotic species are non-native species introduced into a habitat.

Concept used. Biodiversity means variability among living organisms. NCERT explains it through three levels: genetic diversity, species diversity and ecosystem diversity. The same chapter links this variety with human survival, protected areas and threats from exotic species.

1. Biodiversity. Biodiversity is the number and variety of organisms in a region. It includes plants, animals, micro-organisms, their genes and their ecosystems.
2. Levels. The three levels are genetic diversity, species diversity and ecosystem diversity.
3. Hotspots. Hotspots are areas rich in species diversity that are highly vulnerable. Conservation groups focus on them because many unique species are under pressure there.
4. Importance of animals. Animals provide food, milk, fibre, manure, transport support, pollination, ecological balance and scientific value. They also form part of culture and livelihoods.
5. Exotic species. Exotic species are species introduced into an ecosystem where they are not natural inhabitants. They may damage native communities by competing, spreading or disturbing balance.

Final answer: Biodiversity means the variety of life. It exists at genetic, species and ecosystem levels. Hotspots are species-rich but threatened areas. Animals support food, livelihoods, pollination and ecological balance. Exotic species are non-native species introduced into a habitat, where they may disturb local biodiversity.

Quick solution. Biodiversity shapes nature through ecological, economic and scientific roles. Its loss is driven by overuse, habitat destruction, pollution, calamities, exotic species and poaching, so prevention needs protected habitats, planning, sustainable use and regulated trade.

Concept used. NCERT groups the importance of biodiversity into ecological, economic and scientific roles. The chapter then explains that biodiversity loss rises when natural habitats are destroyed, resources are overused, pollutants spread, exotic species enter and wildlife is hunted.

1. Ecological role. Species perform useful functions in ecosystems. They capture and store energy, decompose organic matter, cycle water and nutrients, fix gases and regulate climate.
2. A diverse ecosystem is more stable. If one species declines, other species may still keep the system functioning. This helps ecosystems adapt to change.
3. Economic role. Biodiversity provides food crops, livestock, forests, fish, medicinal resources and raw materials. Crop diversity, also called agro-biodiversity, supports agriculture and livelihoods.
4. Scientific role. Each species gives clues about evolution and ecosystem functioning. Biodiversity also reminds humans that other species have an intrinsic right to exist.
5. Major causes of loss. Rapid population growth has increased resource consumption. Deforestation and habitat destruction are serious in tropical regions.
6. Natural calamities such as earthquakes, floods, volcanic eruptions, droughts and forest fires damage flora and fauna.
7. Pollutants, pesticides, hydrocarbons and toxic heavy metals destroy weak and sensitive species.
8. Exotic species damage native communities when introduced into new habitats. Poaching of animals for tusks, horns and hides also pushes species towards danger.
9. Prevention steps. Endangered species must be preserved through planning and management. Habitats used for feeding, breeding, resting and nursing must be protected.
10. Countries should protect wild relatives of crops, regulate international trade in wild plants and animals, and create national parks, sanctuaries and biosphere reserves.
11. Local communities should be involved, because sustainable conservation works best when people understand and support environment-friendly practices.

Final answer: Biodiversity shapes nature through ecological, economic and scientific roles. Loss of biodiversity is caused by habitat destruction, overuse, pollution, exotic species, calamities and poaching. It can be reduced by habitat protection, planned conservation, trade regulation and community participation.

Quick solution. The project should list protected areas from the student's state, classify them as national parks, sanctuaries or biosphere reserves, and mark their approximate locations on an India map.

Concept used. Project work checks local application of conservation. The chapter says protected areas such as national parks, sanctuaries and biosphere reserves help protect, preserve and propagate species within natural boundaries.

1. Select the state. Write the name of the state where the school is located.
2. Collect names. Use the state forest department website, NCERT reference, an atlas or official tourism material to list national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and biosphere reserves.
3. Make a table. Include name, protected-area type, district or region, one known species or feature, and the source used.
4. Map work. On an outline map of India, mark the state first. Then place dots or labels for the protected areas as accurately as possible.
5. Use a legend. Use different symbols for national parks, sanctuaries and biosphere reserves. Add a north arrow and title.
6. Add a short note. Explain how protected areas help conserve endangered species, habitats, feeding sites and breeding areas.

Final answer: A complete project includes a state-wise protected-area list, a neat classification table, an India map with marked locations, a legend and a short conservation note.