ISC Syllabus 2027: Subject-Wise Topics, PDF Download and Topic-Wise Weightage

Discursive/Argumentative Essay, Narrative Essay, Directed Writing (Report, Article, Speech, Formal and Informal Letter, Notice, Email), Short Writing Tasks (Summary, Dialogue Writing)

Unseen Prose Passage — global comprehension, local inference, vocabulary in context, tone and purpose; questions on language use within the passage

Tenses, Voice (Active/Passive), Narration (Direct/Indirect), Clauses, Transformation of Sentences, Punctuation, Synonyms, Antonyms, Phrasal Verbs, Idioms, One-word Substitution

Electric Charges, Coulomb’s Law, Electric Field and Potential, Gauss’s Theorem, Capacitance, Dielectrics, Energy Stored in Capacitors, Van de Graaff Generator

Ohm’s Law, Resistivity, Kirchhoff’s Laws, Wheatstone Bridge, Metre Bridge, Potentiometer, EMF and Internal Resistance, Cells in Series and Parallel

Biot-Savart Law, Ampere’s Law, Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor, Cyclotron, Moving Coil Galvanometer, Earth’s Magnetism, Dia/Para/Ferromagnetism

Faraday’s Laws, Lenz’s Law, Self and Mutual Inductance, AC Generator, Transformer, LCR Series Circuit, Resonance, Power in AC Circuits, LC Oscillations

Displacement Current, Maxwell’s Equations (qualitative), Electromagnetic Spectrum (radio, microwave, IR, visible, UV, X-ray, gamma), Properties of EM Waves

Reflection and Refraction, Total Internal Reflection, Lens Formula, Combination of Lenses, Optical Instruments (Microscope, Telescope), Wave Optics, Interference (Young’s Double Slit Experiment), Diffraction, Polarisation

Photoelectric Effect, Einstein’s Equation, Work Function, Threshold Frequency, de Broglie Hypothesis, Davisson-Germer Experiment

Rutherford’s Nuclear Model, Bohr’s Model, Hydrogen Spectrum, Nuclear Composition, Binding Energy, Radioactivity (Alpha, Beta, Gamma Decay), Half-life, Nuclear Fission and Fusion, Nuclear Reactor

Semiconductor Basics, p-n Junction Diode, Rectifiers (Half-wave, Full-wave), Zener Diode as Voltage Regulator, Bipolar Junction Transistor (NPN/PNP), Logic Gates (AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR)

Elements of a Communication System, Bandwidth, Propagation of EM Waves (Ground, Sky, Space Wave), Modulation (AM, FM), Detection, Satellite Communication

Types of Solids, Crystal Lattice and Unit Cell, Packing Efficiency, Point Defects (Schottky, Frenkel), Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Solids

Types of Solutions, Concentration Terms (Molarity, Molality, Mole Fraction), Vapour Pressure, Raoult’s Law, Colligative Properties (Boiling Point Elevation, Freezing Point Depression, Osmotic Pressure), van’t Hoff Factor, Abnormal Molar Masses

Galvanic Cells, Standard Electrode Potential, Nernst Equation, Batteries (Dry Cell, Lead Accumulator, Fuel Cells), Corrosion, Electrolysis, Faraday’s Laws, Kohlrausch’s Law

Rate of Reaction, Rate Law, Order and Molecularity, Integrated Rate Equations (Zero, First Order), Half-life, Activation Energy, Arrhenius Equation, Collision Theory

Adsorption (Physisorption, Chemisorption), Catalysis, Colloids (Types, Preparation), Tyndall Effect, Brownian Movement, Coagulation, Emulsions

Group 15 (N, P, As — allotropes, oxoacids), Group 16 (O, S, Se — allotropes, sulphuric acid), Group 17 (Halogens — properties, interhalogen compounds), Group 18 (Noble Gases — properties, uses)

General Properties of Transition Metals, Variable Oxidation States, Magnetic Properties, Alloy Formation, Important Compounds (KMnO4, K2Cr2O7); Lanthanoids and Actinoids — electronic configuration, oxidation states, lanthanoid contraction

Werner’s Theory, IUPAC Nomenclature, Isomerism (Structural, Stereo), Bonding Theories (VBT, Crystal Field Theory), Colour and Magnetic Properties, Stability Constants, Applications in Medicine and Industry

Asexual Reproduction (Binary Fission, Sporulation, Budding, Fragmentation, Vegetative Propagation), Sexual Reproduction phases (Pre-fertilisation, Fertilisation, Post-fertilisation), Life Span of Organisms

Flower Structure, Stamen, Pistil, Microsporogenesis, Pollen Grain, Megasporogenesis, Embryo Sac (7-celled, 8-nucleated), Pollination (Types and Agents), Double Fertilisation, Post-fertilisation Events (Endosperm, Embryo, Seed, Fruit Development), Apomixis and Polyembryony

Male Reproductive System (Testes, Accessory Glands), Female Reproductive System (Ovaries, Fallopian Tubes, Uterus), Spermatogenesis, Oogenesis, Menstrual Cycle (Menstrual, Proliferative, Secretory phases), Fertilisation, Implantation, Embryonic Development, Parturition, Lactation

Population Explosion, Birth Control (Barrier Methods, IUDs, Oral Contraceptives, Surgical Methods), Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP), STIs/STDs, Infertility, Assisted Reproductive Technologies (IVF, ZIFT, GIFT, ICSI)

Mendel’s Laws (Segregation, Independent Assortment), Incomplete Dominance, Codominance, Multiple Alleles (ABO Blood Groups), Pleiotropy, Polygenic Inheritance, Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance, Linkage and Crossing Over, Sex Determination (XX-XY, ZW-ZZ, XO), Mutation, Chromosomal Disorders (Down Syndrome — trisomy 21, Turner’s Syndrome — 45,X, Klinefelter’s Syndrome — 47,XXY)

Search for Genetic Material (Griffith, Avery-MacLeod-McCarty, Hershey-Chase), DNA Structure (Watson-Crick Double Helix, B-form), DNA Packaging (Nucleosome, Solenoid), DNA Replication (Semi-conservative, Meselson-Stahl Experiment), Transcription (Template Strand, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA), Genetic Code (Properties, Wobble Hypothesis), Translation (Ribosomes, Polysomes, Post-translational Modifications), Regulation of Gene Expression (Lac Operon — Inducible System), Human Genome Project (goals, salient features, applications), DNA Fingerprinting (Steps and Applications)

Origin of Life (Miller-Urey Experiment, Oparin-Haldane Hypothesis), Theories of Evolution (Lamarck, Darwin, Neo-Darwinism), Evidences of Evolution (Palaeontological, Comparative Anatomy — Analogous and Homologous Organs, Embryological, Molecular), Hardy-Weinberg Principle and Equation, Factors Affecting Gene Frequency (Mutation, Migration, Genetic Drift, Natural Selection), Natural Selection (Types: Directional, Disruptive, Stabilising), Speciation (Allopatric, Sympatric), Adaptive Radiation, Human Evolution

Pathogens (Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, Protozoa, Helminths), Common Diseases (Typhoid, Pneumonia, Common Cold, Malaria, Amoebiasis, Ascariasis, Elephantiasis, Ringworm), Immunity (Innate and Acquired; Active and Passive), Lymphoid Organs (Primary and Secondary), Vaccination and Immunisation, Allergies, Autoimmunity, AIDS (HIV structure, Transmission Routes, Diagnosis by ELISA, Prevention), Cancer (Types, Causes, Oncogenes, Diagnosis, Treatment), Drugs and Alcohol (Types, Effects, Dependence, De-addiction)

Animal Husbandry (Cattle Farming, Poultry, Fish, Bee Keeping, Lac), Plant Breeding (Objectives, Steps, Achievements — IR8, Sonalika, Pusa Sawani), Tissue Culture (Totipotency, Somatic Hybridisation — Pomato, Cybrid), Biofortification, Single Cell Protein (SCP), Mycorrhiza and Symbiosis

Household Products (Curd, Bread, Idli, Toddy, Cheese, Vinegar), Industrial Products (Fermented Beverages, Antibiotics, Organic Acids, Vitamins, Bioactive Molecules like Cyclosporin A), Sewage Treatment (Primary, Secondary with activated sludge, Tertiary), Biogas Production (Composition, Biogas Plant), Biocontrol Agents (Baculovirus, Trichoderma, Bacillus thuringiensis), Biofertilizers (Rhizobium, Azospirillum, Blue-green Algae, Mycorrhiza)

Principles of Biotechnology (Genetic Engineering, Aseptic Techniques), Tools — Restriction Enzymes (Types: Type I, II, III; Nomenclature; Sticky and Blunt Ends), Cloning Vectors (Plasmids, Bacteriophages, Cosmids, BAC, YAC), Competent Host Organisms, Recombinant DNA Technology (Steps: Isolation, Cutting with Restriction Enzymes, Ligation, Transformation, Selection/Screening), PCR (Steps and Applications), Gel Electrophoresis, Bioreactors (Simple Stirred-tank, Sparged), Downstream Processing

Biotechnology in Agriculture (Bt Cotton — Cry proteins; Bt Brinjal; Golden Rice — beta-carotene; Herbicide-Resistant Crops; RNAi-based Pest Resistance), Biotechnology in Medicine (Genetically Engineered Insulin; Human Growth Hormone; Gene Therapy — ADA Deficiency; Molecular Diagnostics — ELISA, Southern Blotting, PCR-based), Transgenic Animals (Purposes: Vaccine Safety Testing, Production of Useful Biological Products), Ethical Issues (GEAC), Biopiracy and Biopatents, Biosafety

Organism and Its Environment (Abiotic Factors — Temperature, Water, Light, Soil), Population Attributes (Birth Rate, Death Rate, Age Distribution, Sex Ratio, Population Density), Population Growth (Exponential Model — J-curve; Logistic Model — S-curve; Carrying Capacity K), Life History Variations, Population Interactions (Mutualism, Competition, Predation, Parasitism, Commensalism, Amensalism)

Ecosystem Structure (Biotic and Abiotic), Types of Ecosystems, Productivity (Gross Primary, Net Primary, Secondary), Decomposition (Fragmentation, Leaching, Humification, Mineralisation), Energy Flow (Food Chains, Food Webs, 10% Energy Law), Ecological Pyramids (Pyramid of Number, Biomass, Energy), Nutrient Cycling (Carbon Cycle, Phosphorus Cycle), Ecosystem Services

Biodiversity Types (Genetic, Species, Ecological), Biodiversity Patterns (Latitudinal Gradient, Species-Area Relationship), Global Biodiversity Values (Consumptive, Productive, Social, Ethical, Aesthetic, Option), Biodiversity Loss (Habitat Loss and Fragmentation, Overexploitation, Alien Species Invasion, Co-extinction), IUCN Categories (Extinct, Endangered, Vulnerable), Biodiversity Hotspots (34 globally), In-situ Conservation (Biosphere Reserves, National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Sacred Groves), Ex-situ Conservation (Botanical Gardens, Zoos, Seed Banks, Cryopreservation)

Air Pollution (Sources, Effects on Health and Plants, Control — Scrubbers, Electrostatic Precipitators, Catalytic Converters), Water Pollution (BOD, Algal Bloom, Eutrophication, Biomagnification — DDT), Solid Waste Management (3Rs, Landfills), Radioactive Waste, Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming (Greenhouse Gases, IPCC), Ozone Depletion (CFCs, Montreal Protocol 1987), Deforestation (Causes, Effects, Reforestation), Case Studies (Chipko Movement — Uttarakhand; Amrita Devi Bishnoi — Rajasthan; Narmada Bachao Andolan)

Matrix Operations (Addition, Multiplication, Scalar Multiplication), Transpose, Symmetric and Skew-Symmetric Matrices, Inverse of a Matrix (Adjoint Method), Determinants, Minors and Cofactors, Properties of Determinants, Cramer’s Rule, System of Linear Equations

Continuity and Differentiability (Rolle’s Theorem, Mean Value Theorem), Derivatives (Implicit, Parametric, Higher Order), Applications of Derivatives (Tangent/Normal, Increasing/Decreasing Functions, Maxima/Minima), Integration (Substitution, Integration by Parts, Partial Fractions), Definite Integrals (Properties), Applications of Integrals (Area under Curves), Differential Equations (Order, Degree, Variable Separable, Homogeneous, Linear)

Business Finance (Sources of Finance, Capital Structure), Stock Exchange (Functions, Listing, SEBI), Insurance (Principles, Types), Warehousing, Transport, International Trade (Exports, Imports, Documents — Letter of Credit, Bill of Lading), Consumer Protection (Consumer Rights, Redressal Forums, COPRA 1986)

Partnership Accounts (Dissolution, Reconstitution — Admission, Retirement, Death), Company Accounts (Issue, Forfeiture, Re-issue of Shares; Issue and Redemption of Debentures), Financial Statement Analysis (Ratio Analysis, Common-Size Statements, Comparative Statements), Cash Flow Statement

Microeconomics (Demand, Supply, Equilibrium, Consumer Behaviour, Market Structures — Perfect Competition, Monopoly, Monopolistic Competition, Oligopoly), Macroeconomics (National Income — Concepts and Measurement, Money, Banking, Fiscal Policy, Monetary Policy, Balance of Payments, International Trade), Indian Economy (Growth Indicators, Primary/Secondary/Tertiary Sectors)