Mendelian inheritance; Chromosomal theory; Linkage and crossing over; Mutation; DNA structure and replication; Transcription and translation; Regulation of gene expression; Human genome project; DNA fingerprinting; Darwin’s theory; Hardy-Weinberg principle
Sub-topics of Unit 3 - Click Here
Health and disease; Immunity (innate and acquired); AIDS; Cancer; Drugs and alcohol abuse; Food enhancement strategies; Animal husbandry; Microbes in human welfare
Sub-topics of Unit 4 - Click Here
Recombinant DNA technology; Gel electrophoresis; PCR; Transgenic organisms; Bt crops; Insulin production; Gene therapy; Bioreactors; Bioethics
Sub-topics of Unit 5 - Click Here
Organisms and their environment; Population interactions; Ecosystems: structure and energy flow; Biodiversity: types, hotspots, conservation; Environmental issues: pollution, global warming, ozone depletion; Sacred groves
ISC Biology Chapter-wise Weightage 2027
| Unit | Topic | Approximate Marks (Theory / 70) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Reproduction | 17 |
| 2 | Genetics and Evolution | 18 |
| 3 | Biology and Human Welfare | 14 |
| 4 | Biotechnology and Its Applications | 10 |
| 5 | Ecology and Environment | 11 |
| Total (Theory) | ~70 | |
ISC Political Science Syllabus 2027
ISC Political Science (Subject Code 852) carries 80 marks for theory (Paper I, 3 hours) and 20 marks for project work (Paper II). The syllabus covers three sections: Constitution and Government, Indian Democracy, and Contemporary World Politics. The Contemporary World Politics section has been updated for 2027 — current global case studies replace older Cold War-era examples.
Section A: Constitution and Government
| Unit | Topic | Sub-topics |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Forms of Government | Sub-topics of Unit 1 - Click Here Totalitarian, authoritarian, and democratic governments; Unitary vs federal systems; Parliamentary vs presidential systems; Merits and demerits of each; Comparative examples across countries |
| 2 | Franchise and Representation | Sub-topics of Unit 2 - Click Here Types of franchise: adult, limited, and plural; First-past-the-post system; Proportional representation; Preferential and cumulative voting; Single transferable vote; Merits and demerits of each voting system |
| 3 | Rights and Duties | Sub-topics of Unit 3 - Click Here Classification: civil, political, economic rights; Relationship between rights and duties; UN Declaration of Human Rights; National Human Rights Commission (NHRC); Fundamental Duties under the Indian Constitution (Article 51A) |
Section B: Indian Democracy
| Unit | Topic | Sub-topics |
|---|---|---|
| 4 | The Indian Constitution | Sub-topics of Unit 4 - Click Here Salient features; Preamble and its significance; Federal and unitary features; Amendment procedure (Article 368); Emergency provisions; Comparison with UK and US constitutions |
| 5 | Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles | Sub-topics of Unit 5 - Click Here Fundamental Rights (Articles 12–35): categories, scope, and limitations; Directive Principles of State Policy: classification and significance; Relationship between FRs and DPSPs; Constitutional amendments affecting Fundamental Rights; Judicial review; Article 32 and writs |
| 6 | Parliament and State Legislatures | Sub-topics of Unit 6 - Click Here Composition and powers of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha; Legislative procedure; Differences between the two Houses; State Legislatures: Vidhan Sabha and Vidhan Parishad; Parliamentary privileges |
| 7 | Local Self-Government | Sub-topics of Unit 7 - Click Here Panchayati Raj: three-tier structure; 73rd Constitutional Amendment; Urban Local Bodies: municipal corporations, councils, nagar panchayats; 74th Amendment; Role in strengthening grassroots democracy |
| 8 | Political Parties and Pressure Groups | Sub-topics of Unit 8 - Click Here Role of political parties in a democracy; Party systems: one-party, two-party, multi-party; National and regional parties in India; Functions and methods of pressure groups; Distinction between parties and pressure groups; Electoral reforms |
| 9 | Challenges to Indian Democracy | Sub-topics of Unit 9 - Click Here Coalition politics; Communalism; Casteism and reservations; Regionalism and separatism; Corruption in public life; Political violence; Criminalisation of politics; Measures to strengthen Indian democracy |
Section C: Contemporary World Politics (Updated for 2027)
| Unit | Topic | Sub-topics |
|---|---|---|
| 10 | Changing Nature of International Relations | Sub-topics of Unit 10 - Click Here Cold War: causes and end; Post-Cold War unipolar world; Rise of China as a global power; Role of the United Nations and emerging multilateral institutions; WTO, IMF, World Bank — roles and criticisms; Changing world order in the 21st century |
| 11 | India’s Foreign Policy | Sub-topics of Unit 11 - Click Here Panchsheel and its contemporary relevance; Non-Alignment Movement (NAM); India-US strategic partnership; India-China relations (border disputes, trade ties); India-Pakistan relations; SAARC and bilateral diplomacy; Look East / Act East policy; India’s role in the UN and G20 |
| 12 | Globalisation and Contemporary Challenges | Sub-topics of Unit 12 - Click Here Economic globalisation: trade, MNCs, FDI; Cultural globalisation and its impact; Terrorism: definition, causes, global response; Climate change and international agreements (Paris Agreement, COP); Migration and refugee crisis; Human rights in the contemporary world; Cybersecurity as a new dimension of global politics |
ISC Political Science Section-wise Weightage 2027
| Section | Units Covered | Approximate Marks (Theory / 80) |
|---|---|---|
| Section A: Constitution and Government | Units 1–3 | 30 |
| Section B: Indian Democracy | Units 4–9 | 30 |
| Section C: Contemporary World Politics | Units 10–12 | 20 |
| Total (Theory) | 80 | |
ISC History Syllabus 2027
ISC History carries 80 marks for theory and 20 marks for project work. The paper covers modern world history and the Indian national movement alongside post-independence India.
| Unit | Topic | Sub-topics |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | The First World War (1914–1918) | Sub-topics - Click Here Causes: alliance system, nationalism, imperialism, Sarajevo assassination; Course of the war; Peace treaties (Treaty of Versailles); Impact on Europe; Rise of new nations; Seeds of the Second World War |
| 2 | Rise of Fascism and Nazism | Sub-topics - Click Here Causes of the rise of fascism in Italy; Mussolini’s ideology and state; Rise of Hitler and Nazism in Germany; Anti-Semitism and the Holocaust; Comparison of Fascism and Nazism; Propaganda and totalitarian control |
| 3 | The Second World War (1939–1945) | Sub-topics - Click Here Causes; Allied vs Axis powers; Key battles and turning points; End of war — Hiroshima and Nagasaki; Formation of the United Nations; Origins of the Cold War |
| 4 | Indian National Movement (1919–1947) | Sub-topics - Click Here Non-Cooperation Movement; Civil Disobedience Movement; Quit India Movement; Role of Gandhi, Nehru, Bose, and Ambedkar; Government of India Act 1935; Indian Independence Act 1947; Partition and its consequences |
| 5 | Post-Independence India | Sub-topics - Click Here Integration of princely states; Linguistic reorganisation of states; Five-Year Plans and economic planning; Green Revolution; Emergency period (1975–77); Economic liberalisation of 1991 |
ISC Geography Syllabus 2027
ISC Geography has a 70-mark theory paper and 30 marks for practicals and project. The syllabus covers physical geography, human geography, and a detailed study of India.
| Unit | Topic | Sub-topics |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Physical Geography | Sub-topics - Click Here Geomorphology: weathering, erosion, river and glacial landforms; Climatology: atmosphere, pressure belts, trade winds, monsoon mechanism, El Nino; Oceanography: ocean currents, tides, ocean floor deposits |
| 2 | Human and Economic Geography | Sub-topics - Click Here World population: distribution, density, growth; Migration: types and causes; Rural and urban settlements; Agriculture types (intensive, extensive, plantation, shifting); World industries; Transport and trade networks; Globalisation and urbanisation |
| 3 | Geography of India | Sub-topics - Click Here Physical features: Himalayas, Northern Plains, Deccan Plateau, Coastal Plains, Islands; Indian monsoon mechanism; Soils and vegetation zones; Major river systems; Cropping patterns; Major industries; Road, rail, and waterway networks |
| 4 | Practical and Map Work | Sub-topics - Click Here Topographic maps: contour interpretation, Survey of India map reading; Thematic maps: construction and interpretation; Statistical graphs; Field study reporting; Remote sensing basics |
ISC Economics Syllabus 2027
ISC Economics 2027 carries 80 marks for theory and 20 marks for a project. The syllabus covers microeconomics, macroeconomics, and the Indian economy.
| Unit | Topic | Sub-topics |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Microeconomics | Sub-topics - Click Here Demand and supply; Elasticity: price, income, cross; Consumer equilibrium (utility analysis and indifference curve); Production function; Cost and revenue concepts; Market structures: perfect competition, monopoly, oligopoly, monopolistic competition; Pricing under different markets |
| 2 | Macroeconomics | Sub-topics - Click Here National income concepts (GDP, GNP, NNP, NI) and measurement methods; Aggregate demand and supply; Determination of equilibrium income; Investment multiplier; Money and banking; Monetary policy tools (CRR, SLR, Repo Rate); Government budget and fiscal policy; Balance of payments; Foreign exchange rate determination |
| 3 | Indian Economy | Sub-topics - Click Here Economic development since 1947; Poverty and inequality; Agriculture: Green Revolution, challenges; Industrial policy evolution; Services sector growth; Liberalisation, Privatisation, Globalisation (LPG reforms 1991); Demonetisation; GST; Sustainable development goals |
ISC 2027 Exam Pattern
The ISC 2027 exam follows a subject-specific structure. Each subject combines a theory paper with practicals or project work. All papers are conducted offline in pen-and-paper format.
| Subject | Theory Marks | Practical / Project Marks | Total | Duration (Theory) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English Language (Paper 1) | 80 | — | 80 | 3 hours |
| English Literature (Paper 2) | 80 | — | 80 | 3 hours |
| Physics | 70 | 30 (Practical) | 100 | 3 hours |
| Chemistry | 70 | 30 (Practical) | 100 | 3 hours |
| Biology | 70 | 30 (Practical) | 100 | 3 hours |
| Mathematics | 80 | 20 (Project) | 100 | 3 hours |
| Political Science | 80 | 20 (Project) | 100 | 3 hours |
| History | 80 | 20 (Project) | 100 | 3 hours |
| Geography | 70 | 30 (Practical + Project) | 100 | 3 hours |
| Economics | 80 | 20 (Project) | 100 | 3 hours |
| Computer Science | 70 | 30 (Practical) | 100 | 3 hours |
From 2027, 50% of questions across all papers will be competency-based — testing application, analysis, and evaluation rather than recall alone. You need at least 35% in each individual subject (theory + practical combined) to pass. A score of 75% and above earns a distinction.
ISC 2027 Deleted / Reduced Topics
CISCE carried out a curriculum revision aligned with the National Curriculum Framework for the 2026–27 session. The changes focus on reducing low-level recall content and increasing higher-order thinking tasks. Verify the full updated topic list from the official CISCE syllabus PDF before starting your preparation.
| Subject | Change Type | Details |
|---|---|---|
| All Subjects | Reduced rote-recall content | Low-order recall questions reduced across Sciences, Humanities, and Commerce; application-based questions increased to 50% |
| Physics | Minor unit restructuring | Communication Systems moved to lower weightage; conceptual understanding emphasised over pure derivation memorisation |
| Chemistry | Organic Chemistry examples updated | Named reaction examples updated to current IUPAC conventions; older naming conventions streamlined |
| Mathematics | Linear Regression added as a unit | Linear Regression is now a separate standalone unit; pure derivation marks in Calculus slightly reduced |
| Political Science | Section C (Contemporary World Politics) updated | Current global events replace older Cold War-era case studies; cybersecurity and climate governance added as contemporary topics |
You must download the official CISCE 2026–27 syllabus PDF to confirm the complete topic list for your subject before beginning preparation.
Source: CISCE Official Publications
ISC 2027 Preparation Strategy
With ISC 2027 theory exams expected from mid-February 2027, you have roughly four months from October 2026. Use three phases: October–November for full syllabus coverage, December for revision and past papers, and January–February for mock tests and practical preparation.
English
- Read all three prescribed texts (Macbeth, Prism, Rhapsody) at least twice. Focus on themes, characters, and quotable passages.
- Practice directed writing formats weekly — article, speech, report — with a 45-minute timer matching exam conditions.
- Work on grammar-in-context exercises every day. Do not study grammar rules in isolation from real sentences.
- Attempt at least two summary writing exercises per week. Aim to condense 400 words to 100 without losing key ideas.
Physics
- Optics (18 marks) and Electrostatics (14 marks) together carry 32 of 70 theory marks — cover them first.
- Derive all important formulae at least once from first principles. Do not rely on memorising results alone.
- Practise numericals from Current Electricity and Electrostatics every day in the first month of preparation.
- Complete all prescribed practicals sincerely. The 30 practical marks are straightforward and highly scoring.
Chemistry
- Organic Chemistry carries 31 of 70 theory marks. Cover all named reactions and mechanisms before moving to other sections.
- Prepare a reaction chart for named reactions. Visual summary revision works well in the final two weeks.
- Practise Electrochemistry numericals thoroughly — EMF, conductance, and Faraday’s law problems are standard ISC questions.
- Use your prescribed ISC Chemistry textbook alongside NCERT. ISC includes topics not covered in NCERT.
Mathematics
- Calculus carries 32 of 80 theory marks. Spend at least 40% of your Maths preparation time on integration, derivatives, and differential equations.
- Revise Probability thoroughly. Bayes’ theorem, binomial distribution, and expectation problems appear every year.
- Practise Linear Regression problems daily — the formulae are fixed and the marks are straightforward to score.
- Do not neglect the project component. Twenty marks can significantly improve your final total.
Biology
- Genetics and Evolution (18 marks) and Reproduction (17 marks) together account for half the theory paper. Prioritise them first.
- Draw and label all diagrams neatly in your notes. ISC Biology regularly asks for labelled diagrams in the theory paper.
- Revise Biotechnology with real-world examples — Bt cotton, insulin production, PCR. Examiners reward applied answers.
- Practise identifying specimens and slides for the practical component well ahead of the practical dates.
Political Science
- Build precise definitions for every key term. ISC Political Science examiners expect accurate political science vocabulary in answers.
- For Section B, memorise key constitutional articles and landmark Supreme Court judgments on Fundamental Rights.
- For Section C, follow current international developments. Updated real-world examples improve answer quality significantly.
- Practise structured long-form answers for Section A. Each question requires a well-organised essay-style response.
- Choose a specific, well-researched project topic. Generic projects consistently score lower than focused, data-backed ones.
History and Geography
- For History, prepare timeline notes for each unit. ISC often asks you to connect causes and consequences across units.
- For Geography, draw and label key maps: Indian rivers, landforms, industrial regions, and world wind belts.
- Revise the Indian National Movement chronologically — examiners frequently ask for sequence-based answers.
- In Geography Practicals, master topographic map reading. This component carries guaranteed marks if you practise regularly.
Best Books for ISC 2027
The books listed below are widely used by ISC Class 12 students and are aligned with the CISCE 2026–27 syllabus.
| Subject | Book Name | Author / Publisher | Why This Book |
|---|---|---|---|
| English Language | Total English 12 | Morning Star Publishers | Covers ISC English Language paper with model answers and grammar exercises |
| English Literature | Macbeth; Prism; Rhapsody | Oxford University Press; Evergreen Publishers | Official prescribed texts for ISC 2027 Literature paper — mandatory purchase |
| Physics | Nootan ISC Physics Class 12 | Nageen Prakashan | Comprehensive ISC unit coverage; includes previous year ISC board questions |
| Physics | ISC All-in-One Physics | Arihant Publications | Concept summaries, solved numericals, and ISC-pattern practice papers |
| Chemistry | ISC Chemistry Class 12 | Kalyani Publishers | Thorough coverage of Physical, Organic, and Inorganic Chemistry per ISC pattern |
| Chemistry | ISC All-in-One Chemistry | Arihant Publications | Quick-revision notes and stepwise organic mechanism explanations |
| Mathematics | ISC Understanding Mathematics Class 12 | Avichal Publishing Company | Widely used reference; detailed worked examples for Calculus and Probability |
| Mathematics | ISC Mathematics for Class 12 | M.L. Aggarwal / Arya Publications | Strong problem sets; ideal for Algebra and Three-Dimensional Geometry practice |
| Biology | ISC Biology Class 12 | Selina Publishers | Detailed chapter-wise content aligned to CISCE syllabus; good diagram quality |
| Political Science | Indian Constitution at Work; Contemporary World Politics | NCERT | Foundation texts forming the base of the ISC Political Science syllabus |
| History | ISC History Class 12 | Goyal Brothers Prakashan | Covers ISC History units with structured summaries and timeline charts |
| Economics | ISC Economics Class 12 | Subhash Dey / Arya Publications | Covers micro and macroeconomics per ISC pattern; good for diagram-based answers |
How to Download ISC Syllabus 2027 PDF
Follow these steps to download the official ISC 2027 syllabus PDF directly from cisce.org.
- Visit the official CISCE website at cisce.org.
- Click on "Publications" in the top navigation menu.
- Select "Regulations and Syllabuses" from the dropdown options.
- Choose "ISC (Class XII)" from the list of available syllabuses.
- Click on the subject you need — the PDF opens in a new browser tab.
- Press Ctrl + S (Windows) or Cmd + S (Mac) to save the file to your device.
Note: CISCE may update subject syllabi during the academic year. Bookmark the Publications page and revisit it periodically to check for any mid-year amendments.
ISC Syllabus 2027 FAQs
Ques. Is the ISC 2027 syllabus the same as the ISC 2026 syllabus?
Ans. The ISC 2027 syllabus follows the NCF-aligned revision CISCE introduced for 2026–27. Key changes include raising competency-based questions to 50%, a new pass criteria requiring 5–6 subjects, and updates to the Political Science Contemporary World Politics section. Core subject content in most papers remains broadly similar to 2026.
Ques. Which subject carries the most marks in ISC Class 12?
Ans. English carries the most marks among compulsory subjects. It consists of two papers — English Language (80 marks) and English Literature (80 marks) — totalling 160 marks. Among optional subjects, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Mathematics, and Humanities subjects each carry 100 marks (theory + practical or project).
Ques. Where can I download the official ISC 2027 syllabus PDF?
Ans. You can download the official ISC 2027 syllabus PDF from cisce.org. Go to Publications > Regulations and Syllabuses > ISC (Class XII). Each subject has a separate PDF available for free download from the official website.
Ques. When will the ISC 2027 exam timetable be released?
Ans. The ISC 2027 timetable has not been released yet as of October 2026. CISCE is expected to publish it in November 2026. Based on the 2025 cycle — the timetable was released on November 13, 2025 — you can expect it by mid-November 2026. Check cisce.org for the official announcement.
Ques. Has the ISC Political Science syllabus changed for 2027?
Ans. The ISC Political Science (Code 852) syllabus for 2026–27 includes an updated Section C on Contemporary World Politics. Current global case studies — including cybersecurity and climate governance — replace older Cold War-era examples. The three-section structure (Constitution and Government, Indian Democracy, Contemporary World Politics) remains unchanged. The paper still carries 80 marks for theory and 20 marks for project work.
Ques. What is the new passing criterion for ISC 2027?
Ans. From 2027, students must pass a minimum of 5–6 subjects, including English, to receive the ISC certificate. This is an increase from the earlier requirement of 4 subjects. You must score at least 35% in each individual subject (theory + practical combined) as well as 35% in aggregate.
Ques. Which unit has the highest weightage in ISC Physics 2027?
Ans. Optics has the highest weightage in ISC Physics 2027 at approximately 18 marks out of 70. Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism (16 marks) and Electrostatics (14 marks) are the next highest. Together, these three units account for roughly 69% of the 70-mark theory paper.
Ques. Is NCERT sufficient for ISC 2027 preparation?
Ans. NCERT provides a strong foundation for Biology, Political Science, and History. However, the ISC syllabus is broader than NCERT in Mathematics (Calculus, Probability), Chemistry (organic reactions, coordination compounds), and Physics (Optics, Electrostatics depth). Use ISC-specific textbooks (Nootan Physics, Avichal Mathematics, Kalyani Chemistry) as your primary source and treat NCERT as a supplementary reference.
Ques. What percentage of questions in ISC 2027 will be competency-based?
Ans. CISCE has raised competency-based questions to 50% in ISC 2027, up from 40% in 2026. These questions test application, analysis, and evaluation — not rote recall. You should practise solving case-study and scenario-based questions throughout your preparation to handle this shift effectively.
Ques. Which unit is most important in ISC Mathematics 2027?
Ans. Calculus is the most important unit in ISC Mathematics 2027. It carries approximately 32 out of 80 theory marks. Within Calculus, focus on integration (definite and indefinite), applications of derivatives, and differential equations. Probability (13 marks) is the second highest-weightage unit.
Ques. When do ISC 2027 practical exams take place?
Ans. ISC 2027 practical and project exams are expected in January–February 2027, before the theory exams begin. Individual schools coordinate the exact dates with CISCE. Confirm your practical schedule with your school once CISCE releases the official examination calendar in November 2026.
Ques. What is the project work requirement for ISC 2027 subjects?
Ans. Most ISC subjects carry 20 marks for project work, submitted to your school before the board assessment. CISCE assigns external examiners for evaluation. Choose a specific, well-researched project topic. Generic or copied projects consistently score lower than those backed by original data collection or focused analysis.
*The article might have information for the previous academic years, which will be updated as soon as the official information is available. For the latest updates on ISC 2027, visit cisce.org.
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