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Poultry farming is the commercial practice of growing and protecting different types of domestic birds. The purpose of poultry farming is egg and meat production. Poultry farming is considered a profitable business as it focuses on producing maximum output with minimum expenditure. Animal Husbandry refers to the branch of agriculture that includes caring for and producing domestic animals. Animal husbandry includes poultry farming, cattle farming, fisheries, apiculture, egg production, and broiler production. Farm management includes taking good care of the farm and following quality practices for the growth of production.
Read Also: Difference between Fertilizers and Manure
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Key Terms: Poultry farming, Animal Husbandry, Agriculture, Animals, Meat, Management, Disease
Introduction to Animal Husbandry
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Animal Husbandry is a branch of agriculture. The branch of agriculture that constituents care for and produce domestic animals is known as animal husbandry. It is basically the practice of farming animal livestock. It includes rearing, sheltering, and breeding animals that provide us with food. It deals with the management of animal livestock.
Cows, sheep, goats, buffalo, and other animals are reared. In the beginning, it only included cattle farming but now it has been broadened to include apiculture, poultry farming, cattle farming, fisheries, egg production, and broiler production.
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Poultry Farming
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The commercial practice of growing and protecting different types of domestic birds is called Poultry farming. The two purposes for managing and rearing fowls are:
- Egg Production
- Meat and Flesh Production
Different varieties of breeds are raised to meet the required quality and quantity. The broilers and eggs that are produced provide meat. Poultry farming focuses on producing maximum output with minimum expenditure. This makes it a profitable business.
Many foreign and local breeds were cross-bred to achieve desirable traits. Crossbreeding aids management and helps meet the commercial goals. It focuses on increasing high-temperature tolerance, decreasing the feeding requirements, and increasing chick production by dwarfing broiler parents.
Check Important Notes for Manure and Fertilizers
Farm Management
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Good management practices are necessary to increase yield. Farm management includes the management of yield by following such practices.
Hygienic and proper housing is required for poultry farming. The temperature between egg layers should be regular. A disease-free and pest-free space should be maintained. The environment should be clean and should have proper ventilation.
The eggs and broilers have different farming purposes and hence different food requirements. Vitamin A and Vitamin K are used as rations for egg layers as they aid egg production. The main purpose for raising broilers is meat so food rich in fat and proteins should be provided to them. Infections and diseases can be avoided by regular checking and maintenance. The growth rate can be increased by providing them with vitamin supplements.
Read More: Difference Between Micronutrients and Macronutrients
Disease Management
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Management of diseases is important for successful poultry farming. A variety of diseases can affect fowls. It is important to avoid diseases on the farm. Fungus, viruses, bacteria, and various other agents can cause and spread disease on farms. Food deficiency and deficiency in nutrients can also cause disease.
The surroundings in the farm should be tidy and clean. Disinfectants and pesticides should be sprayed to avoid diseases. Sanitation of farm and cleaning should take place regularly. Vaccination should be given to all domestic birds to avoid any infection or diseases. This is because vaccination can help in the biological preparation of birds and stop infections from spreading.
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Things to Remember
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- Animal husbandry is the practice of farming animal livestock. It includes caring for and production of domestic animals.
- Rearing of sheep, goats, buffalo, cows and other cattle takes place under animal husbandry. It also includes apiculture, poultry farming, cattle farming, fisheries, egg production, and broiler production.
- Poultry farming includes growing and protecting different types of domestic birds. This is done for commercial purposes.
- Farm management includes management of yield by following good management practices. Providing the cattle and birds with proper food and shelter is important part of farm management.
- Disease management includes taking and following practices to avoid spread of infection and diseases in the farm. This is done by proper vaccination and maintaining a clean environment.
Read Further: Organic Farming and Chemical Fertilizers
Sample Questions
Ques. What are the various advantages of Animal Husbandry? (4 marks)
Ans. Following are the advantages of animal husbandry:
- Animal husbandry provides domestic animals with proper shelter, protection, and food and hence aids management of animals.
- It creates employment opportunities.
- It helps create a healthy environment because of involvement of proper practices for disposal of waste produced by the animals.
Ques: What is Crop Protection? (3 marks)
Ans. Crop Protection refers to the practice of protecting crops from pests, diseases, weeds, and other harmful agents. Throughout the agricultural process, there is a need of crop protection to protect the crops from damage. Weed management, pest management, and plant disease management are all part of crop protection.
Ques. What are types of Animal Husbandry? (4 marks)
Ans. The types of animal husbandry are:
- Dairy Farming: Diary farming involves production of milk which is then used to produce dairy products such as butter, curd, cheese, yogurt, cream, etc.
- Bee Farming: Maintenance of bee colonies in human made hives is bee farming.
- Poultry Farming: Poultry farming involves the practice of raising domestic birds for commercial reasons. This is for production of meat and egg.
- Fish Farming: Raising fishes in ponds or closed tanks for commercial purposes is fish farming.
Ques. Write a note on organic farming. (3 marks)
Ans. Organic farming is the practice of raising crops and farming without use of inorganic materials like pesticides and fertilizers. Organic farming helps in creating a sustainable environment. Such farming is food for soil and is eco-friendly. There are two types of organic farming: pure organic farming and integrated organic farming.
Ques. What are fertilizers? What are the two types of fertilizers? (5 marks)
Ans. The products used to aid fertilization of soil are called fertilizers. These fertilizers can be solid, liquid, and gaseous. Fertilizers provide the soil with essential nutrients like phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium.
The two types of fertilizers are:
- Organic Fertilizers
Organic fertilizers are fertilizers that are organically obtained. Organic fertilizers include vegetable wastes, crop residue, and animal manures.
- Inorganic Fertilizers
Fertilizers that are chemical-based are called Inorganic fertilizers. They are also known as mineral fertilizers. Inorganic fertilizers include Phosphorus fertilizers, Potassium fertilizers, and Nitrogen Fertilizers.
Ques. What is Crop Production? (3 marks)
Ans. Crop Production involves practices of agriculture that deal with production of crops. Production of crops is done for procurement of fibre and food. Crop production involves preparation of soil followed by sowing of seeds. Crops are then supplied with water and manuring takes place. Crops are then harvested and stored for later use.
Ques. What are various agricultural practices? (5 marks)
Ans. The agricultural practices followed are:
- Soil Preparation: This includes leveling, ploughing, and manuring the soil for agricultural purposes.
- Sowing: Good and quality seeds are selected and sown after the soil is ready.
- Manuring: The necessary nutrients are provided to soil by manuring it.
- Irrigation: Water is provided to soil for irrigation.
- Weeding: Weeding included removal of unwanted plants or weeds that grow among crops.
- Harvesting: Cutting and gathering of crops takes place.
- Storage: Proper storage of yield should take place for selling in the market.
Ques: What is the difference between Manure and Fertilizers? (4 marks)
Ans. Difference between Manure and Fertilizers:
| Fertilizers | Manure |
|---|---|
| Fertilizers are of two types: organic and inorganic. | Manure is organic. |
| Production of fertilizers takes place in factories. | Preparation of manure takes place in fields. |
| Fertilizers are absorbed by the crops quickly. | Manure is absorbed by the crops slowly. |
| Fertilizers are mostly expensive. | Manure is cheap and cost effective in comparison to fertilizers. |
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