Class 7 Social Science Climates of India Solutions

Six to eight marks in the Class 7 Social Science annual exam come from Climates of India. The NCERT Solutions below answer all 7 questions, from matching climate factors to the city-climate map and the Uttarakhand disaster essay, according to the 2026-27 CBSE syllabus.

• Question coverage: All 7 questions and activities, including the five-city climate comparison, the monsoon wind-map drawing and the disaster essay.
• Exam weight: Climate-factor and monsoon questions carry 6 to 8 marks in the Class 7 Social Science paper.
• Also on this page: a five-factor climate chart, a summer-winter monsoon comparison image and links to the Notes and Book PDF.

Every NCERT solution for Class 7 Social Science Chapter 3 Climates of India here is expert-curated, checked against the 2026-27 rationalised NCERT print, and written in plain Class 7 language.

Why Climates of India Matters for Class 7 Social Science

India stretches from the Himalayas to the beaches of Kerala, so it never has just one climate. This chapter opens with weather, the day-to-day condition of the atmosphere, and climate, its average pattern over thirty years, then names five factors that decide how hot, cold, wet or dry a place stays, covers India's six ritus and monsoon system, and closes with climate-linked disasters. NCERT Solutions Class 7 Social Science Chapter 3 Climates of India answers every question below.

Climates of India Explained for Class 7

Source: Magnet Brains on YouTube

Five Factors That Decide India's Climate

Question 1 asks students to match climate factors to their effects. NCERT lists five in the chapter text, and all five return later in the city-comparison question, so learn them as a set.

Quick trick for Q1: latitude changes with location, altitude changes with height. Sort each effect into "changes with location" or "brings rain and moderates", and the matching becomes automatic.

Climates of India Question and Activity Breakdown

The chapter closes with seven questions and activities; only the first has a fixed matching answer, the rest asking for explanation, a labelled drawing, a poster, a diary entry or an essay.

Q2, Q4 and Q7 carry the most marks, since each tests two or three ideas from the chapter at once.

Weather vs Climate and Why the Sea Moderates Coastal Temperature

Weather changes hour to hour; climate is the long-term pattern of that weather in a region. Land absorbs and loses heat fast, but the sea does so slowly, staying cooler than land in summer and warmer in winter, so coastal cities like Mumbai see smaller temperature swings than inland cities like Nagpur.

A common mistake is treating "hot climate" and "hot weather" as the same thing: a warm-climate place can still have one unusually cool, rainy day without its climate changing.

Summer and Winter Monsoon Winds Explained

In summer, the Indian landmass heats faster than the ocean, creating a low-pressure area over land. Moist winds are pulled in from the high-pressure ocean and fall as southwest monsoon rain. In winter, the pattern reverses.

Q4 asks students to draw and label both wind maps. A complete drawing needs four labels: the season, the wind's name, the arrow direction, and whether it brings wet or dry conditions.

The southwest monsoon reaches south India in early June and covers the country by mid-July. Meghalaya's Mawsynram, the wettest place on Earth, gets roughly 11,000 mm of rain a year.

Climate of Five Indian Cities: Leh, Chennai, Delhi, Panaji and Jaipur

Question 3 asks students to place five cities on a map and explain their climate: sea, mountain or desert proximity, plus latitude. No city needs more than three clues.

Chennai and Panaji sit on opposite coasts, so rainfall differs though both stay warm; Delhi and Jaipur sit inland and miss the sea's moderating effect, but Jaipur's closeness to the desert tips it further towards dry. When two cities share a factor but differ sharply in climate, the factor they don't share is usually doing most of the work.

Festivals, Farming and the Monsoon Calendar

Question 5 asks for a poster on festivals linked to farming and weather; Question 6 asks for a farmer's diary entry before the rainy season, since Indian festivals and farm work follow the seasons.

For Q6, open with a date in late May or early June, when the monsoon reaches the south. Mention repairing bunds (earthen walls that hold field water), clearing drains, and storing seeds for the kharif crop.

Add one traditional sign from the chapter, fish rising to the surface or where crows nest. A weak monsoon can mean a poor harvest for the year, so a farmer's preparation is never just routine.

Climate Disasters and How India Can Reduce Their Impact

Question 7 asks for a short essay on a natural disaster: its causes, impacts and fixes. The chapter's example is the 2013 Uttarakhand glacial-lake disaster, where days of heavy rain burst an overfull glacial lake through its natural rock-and-ice barrier.

• Natural cause: Heavy, continuous rainfall filled a glacial lake beyond its barrier's limit.
• Human-linked cause: Construction close to the river, including near Kedarnath, worsened the damage.
• Impact: About 6,000 people lost their lives; villages, roads and bridges were destroyed.

Reducing the impact needs individuals learning evacuation routes, communities building early-warning networks, and governments enforcing building codes and keeping forces like the NDRF ready. Nearly every disaster here, floods and forest fires included, has its damage worsened by a human cause.

Common Mistakes Students Make in the Climates of India Chapter

How to Study Climates of India Effectively

This chapter mixes definitions, a drawing, a poster, a diary entry and an essay, so short revision blocks work better than one long sitting.

1. Block 1, 20 min. Learn the five climate factors, using the Chennai vs Leh example.
2. Block 2, 25 min. Label the summer and winter monsoon maps, marking pressure first.
3. Block 3, 20 min. Write the five-city climate answers and the Uttarakhand essay in full.
4. Night before, 15 min. Re-read Common Mistakes and redraw one monsoon map from memory.

More Climates of India Class 7 Resources

Also Check: This chapter is available in other formats on Collegedunia. Read the solutions first, then the notes for a deeper walk-through.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Part 1: All Chapters

The table below lists NCERT Solutions for every chapter of Part 1, so a student can move on once this one is done.

Sample Solutions from Climates of India Chapter 3

Below are two of the seven questions, answered in full; every question in the complete PDF gets the same concept explanation, step-by-step answer and boxed final answer.

Ques. Match the climatic factors in Column A with their effects in Column B (Latitude, Altitude, Proximity to the ocean, Monsoon winds).

Latitude changes with north-south position, altitude cools higher places as air thins with height, ocean proximity moderates temperature, and monsoon winds bring summer rain.

• Latitude → Creates different climates in the north and south
• Altitude → Keeps higher places cooler
• Proximity to the ocean → Moderates the temperature
• Monsoon winds → Brings wet air to India during summer

Boxed answer: Latitude to different north-south climates, altitude to cooler heights, ocean to moderated temperature, monsoon winds to summer rain.

Ques. Why is Chennai warm or hot throughout the year, while Leh is cold?

Chennai's low latitude and coastal position keep sunlight direct and the sea warm all year. Leh sits over 3,500 m up in the Himalayas, where thin mountain air cannot hold heat.

• Chennai: low latitude, sea level, coastal, warm all year
• Leh: high latitude, over 3,500 m altitude, far inland, cold

Boxed answer: Low latitude and sea proximity keep Chennai warm; high latitude and high altitude keep Leh cold.