Bihar Board Syllabus 2027: Subject-Wise Topics, Topic-Wise Weightage and PDF Download

Concept and characteristics of management; Management as science, art, and profession; Levels of management — top, middle, and lower; Functions of management — Planning, Organising, Staffing, Directing, Controlling; Coordination as the essence of management.

Fayol’s 14 principles of management; Taylor’s scientific management principles; Difference between Fayol and Taylor’s approach; Applications and significance of principles; Techniques of scientific management — Time study, Motion study, Fatigue study, Differential piece-wage system.

Meaning and importance of business environment; Dimensions — economic, social, technological, political, legal; Liberalisation, Privatisation, Globalisation (LPG) and their impact on Indian business.

Meaning, importance, and limitations of planning; Planning process; Types of plans — Objectives, Strategies, Policies, Procedures, Methods, Rules, Budgets, Programmes.

Concept and process of organising; Organisation structure — functional, divisional, formal, informal; Delegation — elements, importance, barriers; Decentralisation — meaning and importance; Difference between delegation and decentralisation.

Meaning and importance of staffing; Staffing as a management function; Recruitment — internal and external sources; Selection process — 8 steps; Training and development — on-the-job and off-the-job methods.

Concept and elements of directing; Motivation — Maslow’s Need Hierarchy, Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory; Financial and non-financial incentives; Leadership — styles and qualities; Communication — formal and informal channels; Barriers to communication and their remedies.

Meaning, importance, and limitations of controlling; Controlling process — setting standards, measuring performance, comparing results, taking corrective action; Relationship between planning and controlling; Budgetary control; Break-even analysis; Management Information System (MIS).

Meaning, objectives, and importance of financial management; Financial decisions — investment, financing, dividend; Concept of financial planning; Capital structure and factors affecting it; Fixed and working capital — meaning and factors affecting requirements.

Meaning and functions of financial markets; Money market instruments — Treasury bills, Commercial paper, Call money, Certificate of deposit; Capital market — primary and secondary markets; Stock exchange — NSE, BSE; SEBI — role and functions; Sensex and Nifty basics.

Concept of marketing; Marketing vs selling; Marketing mix — 4Ps (Product, Price, Place, Promotion); Product life cycle; Branding, labelling, packaging; Channels of distribution; Promotion mix — advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, public relations.

Meaning and importance of consumer protection; Consumer Protection Act 2019 — rights and responsibilities of consumers; Consumer redressal machinery — District Forum, State Commission, National Commission; Consumer organisations and NGOs; Ways of seeking redressal.

Partnership deed; Fixed vs fluctuating capital; Profit and Loss Appropriation Account; Interest on capital and drawings; Goodwill — nature and methods of valuation (Average Profit, Super Profit, Capitalisation).

Admission of a partner — new profit sharing ratio, sacrificing ratio; Retirement and death of a partner — gaining ratio; Dissolution of firm — Revaluation Account, Realisation Account; Partner’s loan account; Piecemeal distribution.

Issue, forfeiture, and reissue of shares; Issue and redemption of debentures; Financial statements of companies — Balance Sheet as per Schedule III, Statement of Profit and Loss; Cash Flow Statement (direct and indirect method).

Comparative statements, Common size statements, Ratio analysis; Liquidity ratios (Current ratio, Quick ratio); Solvency ratios (Debt-equity ratio, Proprietary ratio); Activity ratios (Inventory turnover, Debtors turnover); Profitability ratios (Gross profit ratio, Net profit ratio, Return on investment).

Demand and supply — laws, schedules, curves; Elasticity of demand — price, income, cross; Utility — total and marginal; Indifference curve and consumer equilibrium; Production function — short run and long run; Costs — fixed, variable, total, average, marginal; Revenue concepts; Perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, oligopoly — features and price determination.

National income accounting — GDP, GNP, NNP; Methods — output, income, expenditure; Circular flow of income; Money — functions and types; Commercial banks — credit creation; Central bank (RBI) — functions; Aggregate demand and aggregate supply; Investment multiplier; Government budget — revenue and capital account; Balance of payments; Foreign exchange rate determination.

Electric charges and fields; Coulomb’s law; Electric field lines; Electric potential and capacitance; Gauss’s theorem; Capacitors in series and parallel; Energy stored in a capacitor; Dielectrics and electric polarisation.

Ohm’s law; Resistivity and conductivity; Kirchhoff’s laws; Wheatstone bridge; Potentiometer; EMF and internal resistance; Cells in series and parallel; Carbon resistors and colour coding.

Biot-Savart law; Ampere’s circuital law; Moving coil galvanometer — conversion to ammeter and voltmeter; Magnetism — bar magnet, earth’s magnetism, magnetic susceptibility; Permanent magnets and electromagnets.

Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction; Lenz’s law; Self and mutual inductance; AC generator; Transformers; LCR circuits; Resonance frequency; Power factor; Wattless current.

Ray optics — mirrors, refraction, lenses, total internal reflection, optical instruments (microscope, telescope); Wave optics — Huygens’s principle, interference, Young’s double slit experiment, diffraction, polarisation — Brewster’s law.

Rutherford’s nuclear model; Bohr’s model; Hydrogen spectrum; Radioactivity — alpha, beta, gamma decay; Laws of radioactive decay; Nuclear fission and fusion; Binding energy per nucleon; Mass-energy equivalence.

Semiconductors — intrinsic and extrinsic (n-type, p-type); p-n junction; Diodes — rectifiers, LED, photodiode, solar cell; Transistors — NPN, PNP, as amplifier and switch; Logic gates — AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR.

Matrices — types, operations, invertible matrices, transpose; Determinants — properties, minors, cofactors, expansion; Adjoint and inverse of a matrix; Applications — solving system of linear equations using Cramer’s rule and matrix method.

Continuity and differentiability — chain rule, implicit differentiation, logarithmic, parametric; Derivatives of exponential and logarithmic functions; Mean Value Theorems; Applications of derivatives — tangents/normals, increasing/decreasing functions, maxima/minima; Integration — standard forms, substitution, by parts, partial fractions; Definite integral — properties; Area under curves; Differential equations — formation, variable separable, homogeneous, linear first-order.

Vectors — magnitude, direction, position vectors; Dot product (scalar product); Cross product (vector product); Scalar triple product; Direction cosines and ratios; Equation of a line and plane in 3D; Angle between line and plane; Shortest distance between two lines.

Reproduction in organisms — asexual and sexual; Sexual reproduction in flowering plants — pollination types, fertilisation, seed and fruit development; Human reproduction — male and female reproductive systems; Gametogenesis; Embryonic development; Reproductive health — contraception methods, STDs, amniocentesis.

Mendel’s laws and exceptions — incomplete dominance, co-dominance; Chromosomal theory; Sex determination; Mutation; Pedigree analysis; Molecular basis of inheritance — DNA structure, replication, transcription, translation; Lac operon; Human Genome Project; DNA fingerprinting; Evolution — origin of life, Hardy-Weinberg principle, natural selection, speciation; Human evolution.

Health and disease — types of diseases, immunity (innate and acquired), AIDS, cancer, drugs and alcohol abuse; Food production — plant and animal breeding, biofortification, single cell protein; Microbes in human welfare — industrial products, biogas, sewage treatment, biofertilisers.

Principles of biotechnology; Tools — restriction enzymes, vectors, PCR, gel electrophoresis; Recombinant DNA technology; GMOs; Bt crops; Applications in medicine — insulin production, gene therapy; Biosafety issues; Biopiracy.

Organisms and populations — ecological adaptations, population interactions; Ecosystems — components, energy flow, nutrient cycling; Ecological succession; Biodiversity — types, patterns, importance, loss, conservation (in-situ and ex-situ); Environmental issues — pollution types, global warming, ozone depletion, deforestation, case studies.