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The chemical effect of electric current is said to be the chemical reaction that takes place when an electric current is passed through a liquid.
- When an electric current pass through a conducting solution, a chemical reaction takes place in the solution.
- The constituents of the solvent and solution break into negative and positive ions.
- This process is known as electrolysis.
- The negative ions are called anions and the positive ions are called cations.
- The cations are attracted toward the negative electrode called the cathode and anions are attracted toward the positive electrode, called the anode.
- This movement of ions develops an electric field between the electrodes.
In a circuit, electrodes are conductors that make contact with nonmetallic components such as electrolytes and semiconductors. In electrolytic cells, it is called the cathode or anode.
- An anode is an electrode that is connected to the positive side of a cell.
- A cathode is connected to the negative side of the cell.
Very Short Answers Questions [1 Mark Questions]
Ques. Which among the following is the main principle of electroplating?
- Saturation
- Electrolysis
- Neutralization
- Hydrolysis
Ans. The correct answer is d. Hydrolysis
Explanation: Electroplating is a process of producing a metal coating surface by passing a direct electric current on a solid substrate. Electroplating is based on the principle of hydrolysis because the water molecule is released as the final product in this process.
Ques. Electroplating is not applicable for ___________.
- Decorative purpose
- Coating of metal
- Protection of metal
- Corrosion prevention
Ans. The correct answer is c. Protection of metal
Explanation: Electroplating is used for decorative purposes and in coating and protection of metals but it does not help in preventing corrosion.
Ques. Which among the following compounds are an example of electrolytes?
- Alloys
- Acids
- Metals
- Oxides
Ans. The correct answer is b. Acids
Explanation: Acids, bases, and salts are examples of electrolytes that help to conduct electricity in any liquid.
Ques. A type of cell in which the electrolyte is placed is
- Conductance cell
- Induction cell
- Photovoltaic cell
- Conduction cell
Ans. The correct answer is a. Conductance cell
Explanation: A Conductance cell is a special type of cell in which the electrolyte is placed. It is made from highly resistant glass such as Pyrex or quartz.
Ques. On which of the following characteristics does the definition of ore depend?
- Size
- Quality
- Color
- Quantity
Ans. The correct answer is a. Size
Explanation: Ore is a naturally occurring solid material from which a metal or valuable mineral can be extracted. The characteristics of the ore depend on the size.
Short Answers Questions [2 Marks Questions]
Ques. Name substances that make any liquid a good conductor of electricity.
Ans. The substances that make any liquid a good conductor of electricity are acids, bases, and salts because they split into ions while dissolving in any liquid, making the liquid a good conductor of electricity.
Ques. Why does distilled water not conduct electricity, whereas rainwater does?
Ans. Distilled water can not conduct electricity because of the absence of ions on it while rainwater can conduct electricity because of the presence of ions on it.
Ques. What is electrolysis?
Ans. Electrolysis is a non-spontaneous process of decomposing ionic compounds by passing a direct electric current (DC). The term electrolysis means breaking a compound by passing an electric current through it.
Ques. Define electroplating.
Ans. Electroplating is a process for producing a metal coating surface on a solid substrate by the reduction of cations of that metal by passing a direct electric current.
It is also known as electrodeposition or electrochemical deposition.
Also Read:
Long Answers Questions [3 Marks Questions]
Ques. What is an electrochemical cell?
Ans. A device that produces electrical energy from chemical reactions, or uses the electrical energy supplied to it to facilitate chemical reactions in it is called an electrochemical cell.
An electrochemical cell converted chemical energy into electrical energy and vice versa.
Ques. Why it is dangerous to touch electrical appliances with wet hands?
Ans. Water is a good conductor of electricity and due to this fact, it is dangerous to touch electrical appliances with wet hands because the current through the water can reach the body of a person and can cause harm.
Ques. What is the chemical effect of electricity? Give some examples of chemical effects.
Ans. When an electric current is passed through a solvent or solution, a chemical reaction takes place. This is known as the chemical effect of electricity.
Whenever an electric current passed through a solution of a metal salt, including solutions of copper sulfate, the metals are deposited at the negatively charged electrode even though the metal would be positively charged.
Very Long Answers Questions [5 Marks Questions]
Ques. What is the role of electrolytes in electrolysis? What are three examples of electrolyte ions?
Ans. During the process of electrolysis, electrolytes dissociate into negative and positive ions when dissolved in a solvent. The negative ions are called anions and the positive ions are called cations. The cations are attracted toward the negative electrode called the cathode and anions are attracted toward the positive electrode, called the anode. This movement of ions develops an electric field between the electrodes
The three examples of electrolytes ions are
- Calcium
- Sodium
- Chloride
Ques. Name the three types of electrolytes. Give an example for each.
Ans. The three types of electrolytes are
- Acid: An acid is a substance that when dissolved into an aqueous solvent gives H+ ions. Examples of acidic electrolytes are Hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, and acetic acid.
- Base: A base is a substance that when dissolved into an aqueous solvent gives OH- ions. Examples of acidic electrolytes are calcium hydroxide, ammonia, and sodium hydroxide.
- Salt: Acids and bases neutralize each other to form salts. Examples of salts are calcium chloride and sodium chloride.
Ques. What will happen when an electric current is passed through a liquid?
Ans. When an electric current passes through a liquid a chemical reaction takes place. These reactions are
- Formation of gas bubbles at electrodes
- Deposition of metals on electrodes
- Change in the color of the solution
When electricity is passed through water, the constituents of the liquid break into positive and negative ions.
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