Climate: Distribution, Monsoon, Factors, Seasons in India

Climate is described as the average weather that is persistent over an area for a prolonged period of time. The climate of a particular area depends on many factors such as the temperature of that particular area varying with season, the average distribution of rainfall, wind, topography, etc. The shift in the earth's temperature is one of the key challenges related to climate and global warming. 

Key Takeaways: Environment, Planet, Global Warming, Weather, Greenhouse gases, Climate

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Climate

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A climate is an average weather in a certain area over some time. On the other hand, the weather can change drastically in a matter of hours. Changing the ecosystem takes thousands of years. It is, however, dynamic and has been increasing at an alarming rate in recent years.

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Weather

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Weather refers to how the atmosphere behaves, primarily in terms of its influence on life and human activities. Temperature, precipitation, humidity, brightness, cloudiness, visibility, wind, and air pressure are all factors that influence the weather daily. The earth and the surroundings around it are becoming warmer. With the approaching global warming, glaciers have begun to melt, greenhouse gases have begun to cloud the earth, and sea levels are rising.

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Factors Affecting Climate

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The factors that influence a location's climate are listed below:

• Latitude: Because of the curvature of the earth's form, the quantity of solar power received changes with latitude.

• Altitude: As we gradually ascend to a greater altitude, we notice a drop in temperature and the atmosphere becomes less thick. This is why summers are cooler on the highlands.

• Distance From the Sea: The sea has a climate-controlling effect. As the distance between the land and the water widens, the sea's guiding influence weakens, and others encounter unusual weather.

• Ocean Currents: If the winds are onshore, for example, any coastal place with warm or cold currents flowing through it will be warm or cool.

• Relief Features: Relief has a significant impact on shaping a region's climate. Cold or hot winds are kept at bay by high mountains. If they're high enough and in the path of rain-bearing winds, they can also create precipitation.

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Factors Affecting India’s Climate

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The factors that influence a India's climate are listed below:

• Latitude: From Mizoram in the east to Rann of Kachchh in the west, the Tropic of Cancer runs through the heart of the country. India's climate has both subtropical and tropical characteristics.

• Altitude: To the north, India contains mountains, as well as a broad coastal plain with a maximum height of roughly 30 metres. When compared to central Asia, the subcontinent has equally milder winters due to the mountains sheltering it.

• Pressure and Winds: During a south-easterly route, air flows from the high-pressure territory over the southern Indian Ocean, crosses the equator, and turns directly towards the low-pressure territories over the Indian subcontinent. These winds move across the pleasant and comfortable waters, collecting moisture and bringing extensive rain to India's lands.

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Seasons in India

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In India, there are four different seasons:

The cold weather Season (Winter)

Winter arrives in Northern India in mid-November and lasts until February. In the northern section of India, December and January are the coldest months. Low temperatures and humidity, together with light changeable breezes and bright sky, make for a lovely day. This season is crucial for the production of "rabi" crops.

The Hot Weather Season (Summer)

In India, the weather season lasts from March through May. The northern section of the nation experiences rising temperatures and dropping air pressure throughout the summer months. The 'loo' has been a prominent part of the recent meteorological season. ‘Loo’ winds are strong, hot, gusty, and dry winds that blow during the day over North and Northwestern India.

The advancing monsoon (Rainy Season)

The warm and comfortable subtropical parts of the southern oceans are where the southeast trade winds originate. After crossing the equator, they invade the Indian peninsula and blow southwest owing to the southwest monsoon. In a few months, the monsoon winds would have completely covered the land.

The Transition Season

From October through November, there is a transition period from hot to dry winter temperatures. The monsoon's retreat is often indicated by an increase in temperature and clear sky. The evenings are chilly and pleasant during these shifts, but the temperature is hot during the day. Northern India's temperature begins to drop dramatically in the final part of October.

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Distribution of Rainfall

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• Every year, around 400 cm of rain falls in several portions of Northeast India and the western coast.
• Western Rajasthan, including sections of Gujarat, Punjab, and Haryana, on the other hand, receive barely 60 cm of rain.
• The east of the Sahyadris and the Deccan Plateau's interior are experiencing little rainfall.
• The Himalayan area receives the most of the snowfall.
• Annual rainfall varies dramatically from year to year.

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Points to Remember

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Following are some important points:

• Global temperatures are expected to climb 1.5 degrees Celsius during the next two decades.
• The monsoon's retreat is often indicated by an increase in temperature and clear sky.
• Climate change has put over a million species at risk of extinction.
• Our atmosphere contains more carbon dioxide than at any other moment in human history.

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