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When two or more atoms of the same element chemically bond together, a molecule is formed. Examples of molecules: Water, oxygen, ozone. A compound, on the other hand, is a type of molecule in which the types of atoms that make up the molecule differ from one another. Examples of compounds: Salt, water. Some molecules, such as hydrogen gas or ozone, contain only one element, or only one sort of atom; they are not all compounds. Here, we will be discussing the major differences between molecule and compound along with some important questions.
Atoms desire to be in a balanced state.As a result, they will form chemical bonds with other atoms in order to achieve balance. A molecule is formed when an atom connects with additional atoms of the same type (O2) or a different type (H2O). Molecules are invisible to the naked eye. Scientists, on the other hand, can break things down to their atomic components. Water, for example, contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom (H2O).
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Read More: Number of Moles Formula
What is a Molecular?
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A molecular is a collection of two or more atoms that make up the smallest identifiable unit into which a pure material can be divided while retaining its makeup and chemical properties.
More Details about Molecular
When a substance is divided into smaller and smaller portions, the composition and chemical properties remain unchanged until parts consisting of single molecules are reached. Further subdivision of the substance yields even smaller portions that are usually different in composition and always different in chemical characteristics from the original substance. The chemical bonds that hold the atoms in the molecule together are broken at this stage of fragmentation.
Atoms are made up of a single positive-charged nucleus and a cloud of negatively charged electrons. The electron clouds interact with each other and with the nuclei when atoms are close enough to touch. The atoms link together to form a molecule if this interaction lowers the system's total energy. A molecule is thus a clump of atoms held together by valence forces from a structural standpoint. Two atoms are chemically linked in a diatomic molecule. When two atoms are the same, as in the oxygen molecule (O2), a homonuclear diatomic molecule is generated, however when the two atoms are different, as in the carbon monoxide molecule, a heteronuclear diatomic molecule is formed (CO). Many thousands of component atoms can be found in polymer molecules.
What is a Compound?
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When two or more atoms form chemical bonds, such as covalent or ionic bonds, a compound is formed. Although all molecules are compounds, not all compounds are molecules. Compounds aren't homonuclear molecules in the traditional sense. Heteronuclear molecules are characterized as compounds.
Fig-3 Detailed image of a compound
More Details about Compound
The atoms of more than 100 different chemical elements make up all matter in the universe, which can be found in both pure forms and mixed as chemical compounds. Any pure element is made up entirely of the atoms that make up that element, and each element's atoms are distinct. The atoms that make carbon, for example, differ from those that make iron, which differ from those that make gold. Every element is identified by a one, two, or three-letter symbol derived from the current element name or the element's original name. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, for example, are represented by the letters C, H, and O, respectively. Fe is the sign for iron, which comes from the Latin name Ferrum.
Read More: What is Evaporation
Difference between a Molecular and a Compound
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| Molecular | Compound |
|---|---|
| A molecular is a collection of two or more chemically linked atoms. | A compound is a chemical species formed when two or more atoms join together chemically. |
| Chemically bound substances that are made up of two or more atoms. | Substances are composed of two or more atoms of different chemical elements. |
| The molecule is a mixture of substances or a pure substance. | The compound is made up of pure substance |
| Molecules come from homogeneous or heterogeneous substances. | Compounds are homogenous in their composition. |
| Depending on where the molecules are coming from, both physical and chemical approaches can be used to separate them. | Chemical procedures are the sole way to separate the constituents of a compound. |
| Molecules may represent an element or a compound. | Compound elements lose their characteristics. |
| Can be either homonuclear or Heteronuclear. | Heteronuclear molecules |
| Can have atoms of either the same element or different elements | Has atoms of different elements. |
| Have either covalent bonds or ionic bonds | Can have covalent bonds, ionic bonds, or metallic bonds. |
| Molecules can be unstable. | The compound is never unstable. |
| Molecules cannot be seen from the naked eye. | Compounds can be seen through the naked eye. |
| All molecules are not compounds. | All compounds are molecules. |
| E.g.: Oxygen, ozone, water, etc. | E.g.: Sodium chloride, Calcium carbonate. |
Further Read: What is Condensation
Things to Remember
- When two or more atoms of the same element chemically bond together, a molecule is formed.
- A compound, on the other hand, is a type of molecule in which the types of atoms that make up the molecule differ from one another.
- All molecules are not compounds.
- All compounds are molecules.
- Elements of a compound lose their properties
- Molecules can represent a single atom or a group of atoms.
Also check: Types of Mixtures
Sample Questions
Ques: Are all compounds molecules? (3 marks)
Ans: Yes, all substances are made out of molecules. For example, consider a water molecule, which has the molecular formula H2O. It is a heteronuclear molecule, meaning it contains both Hydrogen and Oxygen atoms. However, because both of these atoms are of different elements, it is regarded as a compound. All molecules, particularly heteronuclear molecules or those with atoms of different elements, are referred to as compounds.
Compounds, on the other hand, are not all molecules. For example, because Sodium and Chlorine contain ionic connections, NaCl or table salt cannot be considered a molecule. They're also structured in an ionic lattice, indicating that it's a compound. As a result, all molecules are compounds, but not all compounds are molecules.
Ques: Is water a molecule or a compound? (2 marks)
Ans: Water is a chemical substance that is made up of hydrogen and oxygen molecules. This chemical was created through the combination of molecular components. When H2O is the building molecule for another substance, however, water can be called a molecule.
Ques: What are the different types of molecules? (3 marks)
Ans: The different types of molecules are Monatomic molecules, Diatomic molecules, Triatomic molecules, Polyatomic molecules, Homoatomic molecules, and Heteroatomic molecules
- Monoatomic molecules: Monoatomic molecules are molecules that have only one atom in them. For example, hydrogen and nitrogen.
- Diatomic molecules: Diatomic molecules are molecules made up of two atoms. e.g. H2 and O2.
- Triatomic molecules: Triatomic molecules have three atoms. H2S, CO2 are examples of gases.
- Polyatomic molecules: Polyatomic molecules are those with a large number of atoms, such as H2SO4, HNO3, and others.
- Homoatomic molecules: Homoatomic molecules are molecules that have the same sort of atoms in them. S8, C6H6 is an example of a compound.
- Heteroatomic molecules: Heteroatomic molecules, such as H2SO4, HNO3, are molecules made up of different sorts of atoms.
Ques: What are the different types of compounds? (3 marks)
Ans: The different types of compounds are:
- Ionic compound: Ionic compounds are ionic compounds that are bound together by ionic bonds.
- Molecular compound: Covalent bonds connect molecules together. A molecule is an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms joined by chemical bonds.
- Intermetallic compound: An intermetallic compound, is a type of metallic alloy that forms a solid-state compound with distinct stoichiometry and organised crystal structure and is connected together by metallic bonds.
- Coordinate compound: Certain complexes that are bound together by covalent bonds are called coordinate compounds. A coordination complex, which is usually metallic and is known as the coordination centre, is attached to a nearby array of bound molecules or ions, known as complexing agents or ligands.
Ques: In a drop of water with a mass of 50 mg, how many water molecules are there? (3 marks)
Ans: We know that:
1 mole of a compound = 6.023 × 1023 atoms
= Gram molecular mass
Gram molecular mass of H2O = 18 g
18 g = 6.023 × 1023 atoms
Ques: Calculate the relative mass of water? (2 marks)
Ans: Atomic mass of hydrogen = 1 u,
Oxygen = 16 u
The molecular mass of water, which comprises two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, is, therefore = 1 + 1 × 16 x 2 = 18u
Ques: Analysis revealed that a 0.24 g sample of an oxygen-boron combination had 0.096 g of boron and 0.144 g of oxygen. Calculate the compound's % composition by weight. (3 marks)
Ans: % of any element in a compound = 
% of boron = 0.0960.24 × 100 = 40%
% of oxygen = 0.1440.24 × 100 = 60%.
Ques: Give the formulas for the compounds made up of the components listed below. (3 marks)
(a) Calcium and fluorine
(b) Hydrogen and sulfur
(c) Nitrogen and hydrogen
(d) Carbon and chlorine
(e) Sodium and oxygen
(f) Carbon and oxygen
Ans: (a) CaF2
(b) H2S
(c) NH3
(d) CCl4
(e) Na2O
(f) CO, CO2
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