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Digital electronics is a branch of electronics concerned with the study of digital signals and the design of systems that use or generate them.
- In contrast to analog electronics and analog signals, digital electronics are based on digital signals.
- Digital electronic circuits are usually constructed from huge assemblies of logic gates, which often get packed in integrated circuits.
- Simple electronic representations of Boolean logic functions may be found in complex devices.
Signals that carry information are classed as analog or digital.
- Analog signal: It is a continuous time-varying current or voltage. The electronic circuit used to process analog signals is known as analog circuits.
- Digital signal: It is a waveform having only two discrete values or levels of current and voltage represented as 0 (low voltage and current) and 1 (high voltage and current). The electric circuit used to process digital signals is known as digital circuits.
Electronics dealing with digital circuits are known as digital electronics where the input as well as the output can be in a binary number system i.e. 0 and 1 only.
Very Short Answers Questions [1 Mark Questions]
Ques. What is a binary number system?
Ans. A number system that uses only two digits i.e. 0 and 1 to represent numbers or data is known as a binary number system or simply a number system.
Ques. The basic building blocks of the digital electronics system are called……….
- Inductor
- Logic gates
- Capacitor
- Resistor
Ans. The correct answer is b. Logic gates
Explanation: A logic gate is a device used to perform logical operations on one or more logic inputs and produces a single logic output. The logic gates are the basic building blocks of the digital electronics system.
Ques. What is the use of logic gates in digital circuits?
Ans. Logic gates in digital circuits are used to store and process data. By connecting several gates in a latch circuit, a storage network can be created.
Ques. Who demonstrated the connection between logic and arithmetic?
Ans. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz enhanced the binary system and demonstrated that the binary system could be used to connect concepts of logic and arithmetic.
Ques. What are the three fundamental Boolean operators?
Ans. Database logic and mathematical sets are based on Boolean operators.
OR, NOT, and AND are the three fundamental boolean operators.
Ques. What is the use of resistors in digital electronics?
Ans. In digital electronics, resistors are used to regulate current flow.
Ques. What is an active component? Give some examples of active components.
Ans. An active component is an electrical component that has an analog electronic filter capable of producing power gain or signal amplification.
Transistors, diodes, batteries, etc. are examples of active components.
Ques. What is a passive component? Given some examples of passive components?
Ans. A passive component is a component that can only receive energy. It can absorb, store, or disperse energy in either a magnetic or an electric field. They don't need any kind of power to function.
Resistors, capacitors, inductors, etc. are examples of passive components.
Ques. What is meant by a universal gate? Name the two universal gates.
Ans. A universal gate is a logic gate that can execute any Boolean function without requiring the use of another gate.
The two universal gates are NAND and NOR.
Short Answers Questions [2 Marks Questions]
Ques. What is digital electronics?
Ans. Digital electronics is a discipline of electronics that studies digital signals and the systems that generate or use them.
Electronics may be classified into two types: digital and analog.
The analog represents any natural phenomenon that modifies its own features throughout time. Digital entities, on the other hand, are altogether different. In the digital world, there are only two possibilities: OFF or ON.
Ques. List a few practical uses of digital electronic components.
Ans. The most significant components of modern electronic gadgets are digital circuits or digital electronics.
Here are some examples of well-known digital circuit-based devices: Computers, Smart Televisions, Digital Stop Watches, Drones and Guided Missiles, Digital Cameras, Solid State Drives, Digital Thermometers, Digital Clocks, Auto Piloted Vehicles, Smartphones, Robots, and ATMs.
Ques. What are the two important types of components in digital electronics?
Ans. Digital electronics are made up of several components that each perform a particular function. Such components are often classified into two types: active components and passive components.
Ques. What is a transistor? What are the three main parts of a transistor?
Ans. A transistor is a semiconductor device that amplifies signals and also serves as a switching device. Typically, transistors have three terminals.
The three main parts of a transistor are the emitter, base, and collector.
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Long Answers Questions [3 Marks Questions]
Ques. Explain NOT, AND, and AND gates.
Ans. A NOT gate performs logical negation on a given signal. If the input signal is false, the output signal will be true.
An AND gate performs logical conjunction. When a low input is provided to the AND gate, it produces a low output, and when a high input is applied, it produces a high output.
The OR gate is used to accomplish logical disjunction. When one of the two input signals is high, the output signal will also be high. If none of the input signals is high, the output signal is low.
Ques. What are the advantages of Integrated Circuits (IC)?
Ans. The following are the advantages of Integrated Circuits (IC)
- They are cost-effective
- They are more reliable because there are no solder joints or wiring inside ICs.
- They are smaller in size and hence compact.
- Even complex circuits of a reasonable size can be designed.
Ques. What is Integrated Circuit? Define Monolithic and Hybrid IC.
Ans. An integrated circuit is a collection of interconnected transistors, diodes, resistors, inductors, and capacitors fabricated on a single piece of silicon, known as chip.
Monolithic IC: It consists of a silicon wafer called a chip on which a large number of components are accommodated. For example, about 35 transistors, 30 resistors, and a few capacitors, and their interconnections can be accommodated on a very small chip of size 1.65 mm x 1.65 mm.
Hybrid IC: It consists of a large number of monolithic ICs. In this circuit, the components are mounted on a ceramic substrate and they are interconnected by wires.
Very Long Answers Questions [5 Marks Questions]
Ques. What is the difference between a digital system and an analog system?
Ans. The differences between a digital system and an analog system
| Digital system | Analog system |
|---|---|
| Digital systems employ discrete signals to express binary code as on/off signals. Off equals 0; on equals 1. | Continuous signals of changing amplitude are used in analog systems. |
| Digital systems convert analog waves to a limited set of numbers and record them as digital square waves. | Analog systems record physical waveforms as they are created. |
| The hardware of the electronic system may be simply adjusted to meet the needs. | The hardware of analog systems is not adjustable. |
| Square waves are used in digital systems. | Sine waves are used in analog systems. |
| To convey the same amount of data, digital transmission requires greater bandwidth. | The bandwidth required for analog transmission is minimal. |
Ques. What are the main advantages of digital systems?
Ans. The main advantages of digital systems are
- Digital systems are quick and efficient, which means they can process information and complete tasks considerably faster than manual systems, increasing production and reducing wait times.
- They are also precise, as they are meant to do tasks with great accuracy. This decreases the possibility of errors and discrepancies that occur in manual systems.
- Digital systems are also more cost-effective since they eliminate the need for paper-based systems, minimize human labor, and automate processes that were previously performed manually. Over time, this can result in considerable cost savings.
- Large volumes of data and information may be stored in digital systems and quickly accessible and retrieved at any time, as long as there is an internet connection. This enables people to work remotely and businesses to access clients all over the world.
Ques. What are the main disadvantages of digital systems?
Ans. The main disadvantages of digital systems are
- Technical issues, such as hardware or software failures, can disrupt operations and create system downtime in digital systems.
- Cyber risks such as hackers, viruses, and malware may harm sensitive information and result in financial losses on digital systems.
- They are also extremely dependent on technology, which might be a disadvantage if the system fails or the user lacks the necessary technical knowledge.
- Because of the rapid rate of technical progress or invention, digital systems can soon become outdated, requiring the need to upgrade or replace systems on a regular basis.
- Personal interaction and customer service that may be delivered in a face-to-face or phone discussion may be lacking in digital platforms. This might result in a less-than-satisfactory consumer experience.
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