Hypermetropia Questions

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Very Short Answers Questions [1 Mark Questions]

Ques. The capacity of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is known as

1. Rectification
2. Regularisation
3. Accommodation
4. Correction

Ans. The correct answer is c. Accommodation

Explanation: Accommodation of the eye refers to the process by which particular muscles adjust to change the focal length of the eyes in order to generate an image on the retina.

Ques. When the crystalline lens in old age turns milky and cloudy, it is known as

1. Myopia
2. Hypermetropia
3. Presbyopia
4. Cataract

Ans. The correct answer is d. Cataract

Explanation: When a cataract develops, crystalline lenses become milky and cloudy.

Ques. The objects at a distance can be viewed clearly when the focal length

1. Increases
2. Becomes Zero
3. Decreases
4. Remains same

Ans. The correct answer is a. Increases

Explanation: Far objects can be seen clearly when the focus length is increased.

Ques. In a person suffering from hypermetropia, the image of a nearby object is formed ______ the retina.

1. Before
2. On
3. Behind
4. None of the above

Ans. The correct answer is c. Behind

Explanation: For a person suffering from hypermetropia, the image of the nearby object is formed behind the retina.

Ques. Blurred vision due to aging is known as

1. Hypermetropia
2. Presbyopia
3. Myopia
4. None of the above

Ans. The correct answer is b. Presbyopia

Explanation: Presbyopia is a disorder that commonly affects adults over the age of 40.

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Short Answers Questions [2 Marks Questions]

Ques. What is hypermetropia?

Ans. A human eye that can see far-off objects or distant objects clearly but cannot able to see near objects clearly is said to be suffering from a defect known as long-sightedness or Hypermetropia.

Ques. Define accommodation of the eye.

Ans. The process by which ciliary muscles change the focal length of the eye lens in such a way that the sharp image of an object at any position from the eye is formed on the retina is known as accommodation of the eye.

Ques. How is hypermetropia classified based on the accommodative status?

Ans. Hypermetropia is classified on the basis of accommodative status as

• Total hypermetropia
• Latent Hyperopia
• Manifest Hyperopia

Ques. What are the defects of vision?

Ans. The common defects of vision are

• Hypermetropia (also known as Long-sightedness or Far-sightedness)
• Myopia (also known as Short-sightedness or Near-sightedness)
• Presbyopia
• Astigmatism

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Long Answers Questions [3 Marks Questions]

Ques. The near-point of a person suffering from hypermetropia is 50 cm from his eye. What is the nature and power of the lens needed to correct this defect? (Assume that the near-point of the normal eye is 25 cm).

Ans. In the given case, when the object is kept at 25 cm of a person suffering from hypermetropia, then he can see the object clearly if its image will be formed at its own near point i.e. 50 cm.

• Object distance, u = – 25 cm
• Image distance, v = – 50 cm

From the lens formula, we have

1/f = 1/v - 1/u

On substituting the values, we get

1/f = -1/50 + 1/25 = 1/50

⇒ f = +50 cm

Power of the lens, P = 100/f (in cm) = 100/50 = +2 D

The positive sign represents the lens is convex.

Ques. What are the causes of hypermetropia?

Ans. There is usually a shortening along the axis of the eyeball when hypermetropia occurs. As a result, the light rays that enter the eyes fall behind the retina rather than on the retina, resulting in blurry vision. Hypermetropia can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Another issue that might be considered is an increase in the focal length of the eye lens, which eventually leads to hypermetropia.
• Hypermetropia can also develop if the cornea of the eye is not sufficiently curved, i.e., the lens or cornea is flatter than usual.
• Another cause of hypermetropia might be stiffness of the ciliary muscles.

Ques. How is hypermetropia classified based on severity?

Ans. On the basis of severity, hypermetropia can be classified into

• Low Hypermetropia: If the refractive error is less than or equal to +2.00 Diopters (D), then it is referred to as Low hypermetropia.
• Moderate Hypermetropia: If the refractive error is more than +2.00 Diopters but less than +5.00 Diopters, then it is referred to as Moderate hypermetropia.
• High Hypermetropia: If the refractive error is more than +5.00 Diopters, then it is referred to as High hypermetropia.

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Very Long Answers Questions [5 Marks Questions]

Ques. How can we correct hypermetropia?

Ans. Hypermetropia has been thoroughly researched and analyzed, and doctors and scientists have developed a variety of treatments over time.

• One way is to wear suitable corrective lenses and spectacles in accordance with the ophthalmologist's prescription.
• Intraocular lens implantation is used to treat more severe hypermetropia.
• Surgery such as LASIK (Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis), PRK (Photo-Refractive Keratectomy), and LASEK (Laser Subepithelial Keratomileusis) are also beneficial, depending on the severity of the various cases.
• The Snellen Chart, which is used to measure the quality of vision and visual acuity, is commonly used to identify vision defects. 
• Although this may be used to identify hypermetropia, many ophthalmologists and vision scientists now utilize the Log MAR chart.

Ques. How is hypermetropia classified based on the structure of the eye?

Ans. Hypermetropia may be divided into different types based on the structure of the eyes. The following are the three types of hypermetropia.

• Simple Hypermetropia: Simple hypermetropia, which includes axial hypermetropia, is a type of hypermetropia. Hypermetropia can also occur when the axial length of the eyeball is abnormally short and the corneal or lens curve is flatter than usual. This defect in the curvature is also known as curvature hypermetropia. As a result, the presence of both of the reasons mentioned above results in simple hypermetropia which is the most common type of hypermetropia.
• Functional Hypermetropia: Functional hypermetropia is usually observed in individuals who already have third intracranial nerve palsy and internal ophthalmoplegia when the ability of the eye to accommodate is paralyzed.
• Pathological Hypermetropia: Pathological hypermetropia can be caused by either congenital or acquired conditions. Pathological hypermetropia is classified into four types: senile or acquired hypermetropia, aphakic hypermetropia, positional hypermetropia, and consecutive hypermetropia.

Ques. What are the symptoms of hypermetropia?

Ans. The problem of hypermetropia is determined by a number of symptoms. The existence of these symptoms may make it easier to identify the problem. Some of the major symptoms are:

• The most common symptom is blurry vision, which people may experience when focused on objects held close.
• Eye strain, tiredness, wet eyes, and frontotemporal headaches are among the additional biological and physical symptoms.
• At the same time, young children with acute disability of farsightedness may have double vision as a result of over-focusing.
• Any person who has hypermetropia may also acquire unusual problems including strabismus and amblyopia.
• Patients who are hypermetropic and have a short axial length are also more likely to develop primary angle-closure glaucoma. 

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