NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 9: Biomolecules

A biomolecule is a chemical compound found in living organisms. These include chemicals that are composed of mainly carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus. Biomolecules are the building blocks of life and perform important functions in living organisms.

• Amino Acids

Amino acids are defined as the carbon-containing compounds with a carboxylic acid group and the amino group found at the two ends. Each of this amino acid consists of one central carbon enclosed by four substituents. These substituents are a carboxylic acid group, amino group, hydrogen, and a variable group 

• Lipids

Lipids are a group of water-insoluble compounds that consist of glycerol, fats, steroids, phospholipids, oils, etc. Lipids can be classified into different types depending upon constituents. Fatty acids are the simple lipids, composed of a variable group, R and a carboxyl group. 

• Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids are referred to as genetic materials that are present in an organism, include DNA and RNA. They are the amalgamation of the materials, nitrogenous bases, sugar molecules and phosphate group linked by different bonds in a series of steps. 

• Chemical constituents of living cells

The various biomolecules that are found in living tissues (a vegetable or a piece of liver, etc. ), by performing chemical analysis, can be studied. For instance, when the living tissue grinds in trichloroacetic acid (Cl₃CCOOH), a thick slurry is formed.

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