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Coordination refers to the process by which two or more organs communicate and compliment one another's functions. The neural and endocrine systems work together to coordinate and integrate all of the body's operations so that they run smoothly. While the neural system allows a well-organized structure of point-to-point connections for quick coordination and the endocrine system uses hormones to enable chemical integration.
Sample Questions
Ques: One of the functions of the Neuroglial cells protect and support _________
- Nephrons
- Myoid cells
- Neurons
- None of the above
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Ans: 3) Neurons
Explanation: Neuroglial cells are collective cells and provide homeostatic support, protection, and defence to the nervous tissue meanwhile also protect and support Neurons.
Ques: Which of the following abundant inhibitory neurotransmitters can be found in the CNS?
- Gamma-glutamyltransferase
- Gamma-linolenic acid
- Gamma-Aminobutyric acid
- None of the above
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Ans: 3) Gamma-Aminobutyric acid
Explanation: Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the main nervous system, acts primarily through a GABAA receptor in the subsynaptic membrane, which indicates a chloride channel.
Ques: How many laminae are present in the spinal cord’s grey matter?
- 2
- 4
- 6
- 10
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Ans: 4) 10
Explanation: Laminae are a network of ten layers of grey matter in the spinal cord (I-X). They are classified by their cellular structure instead of their position, comparable to Brodmann regions.
Ques: The thalamus and the hypothalamus are located in the _________
- Brain stem
- Cerebrum
- Cerebellum
- Diencephalon
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Ans: 4) Diencephalon
Explanation: In adults, the diencephalon is located in the middle of the cerebrum and the brain stem at the upper end of the brain stem. The thalamus, subthalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus are 4 different parts of the brain.
Ques: Which one of the following is an action of the parasympathetic nervous system?
- Inhibits peristalsis
- Formation of Pupils
- Dilates Bronchioles
- Sweat secretion
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Ans: 2) Formation of Pupils
Explanation: The parasympathetic nervous system slows respiration and heart rate while accelerating digestion. The parasympathetic nerve system is stimulated, resulting in the formation of pupils.
Ques: Between adjacent Schwann cells, the gap in the myelin sheath is known as ____
- Soma
- Dendrite
- Node of Ranvier
- None of these
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Ans: 3) Node of Ranvier
Explanation: There are approximately 1-m-long gaps regarded as nodes of Ranvier between two neighbouring myelin segments. The axon is subjected to the extracellular space at the nodes.
Ques: Synaptic vesicles discharge _________ at the neuromuscular junction.
- Acetylcholine
- Adrenaline
- Estradiol
- Testosterone
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Ans: 1) Acetylcholine
Explanation: Neurotransmitters including acetylcholine, neuropeptides, catecholamines, and others are found in synaptic vesicles. The hormone epinephrine, often known as adrenaline, is produced by the adrenal gland. It is also a neurotransmitter that is secreted by a few cells in the central nervous system.
Ques: What is the area located on the left hemisphere related to speech?
- Amygdala
- Broca’s Area
- Occipital lobe
- None of the above
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Ans: 2) Broca’s' Area
Explanation: Broca’s area is concerned with speech production and articulation and is found in the left hemisphere. This essential area has been linked to our ability to explain thoughts and use words correctly in spoken and written language.
Ques: When cocaine is used as a stimulant, it interferes with the CNS at the reuptake of the _____ at the synapses
- Testosterone
- Dopamine
- Adrenaline
- None of the above
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Ans: 2) Dopamine
Explanation: Drugs of abuse can disrupt the normal communication process. Cocaine, for example, works by binding to the dopamine transporter and preventing dopamine from being removed from the synapse. Dopamine then builds up in the synapse, resulting in an amplified signal to the receiving neurons.
Ques: Which of the following is the regulator of Smooth muscles, cardiac muscles and organs?
- Central nervous system
- Parasympathetic nervous system
- Sympathetic nervous system
- Autonomic system
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Ans: 4) Autonomic system
Explanation: The Autonomic Nervous System regulates the operations of smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, organs, and glands. It is a component of the nervous system that maintains management of the overall body as well as the nervous system itself.
Ques: Find the odd one.
- Schwann cells
- Nissl's granules
- Nephrons
- synaptic knob
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Ans: 3) Nephrons
Explanation: Nissl's granules, Schwann cells, and synaptic knobs are already the components of neurons.
Ques: Which layer is in contact with brain tissues?
- Pia Mater
- Arachnoid
- Uramater
- Piamater and Arachnoid
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Ans: 1) Pia Mater
Explanation: Pia Mater is the layer in contact with brain tissues. The pia mater refers to the meningeal layer closest to the brain’s surface. It extends the brain into the gyri of the cerebral hemispheres and the folia of the cerebellum, covering the whole surface of the brain. The pia mater contains numerous blood arteries that extend deep into the brain’s surface.
Ques: Which convoluted outer layer of grey matter covers the cerebral hemispheres?
- Medulla oblongata
- Thalamus
- Cerebral cortex
- Meninges
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Ans: 3) Cerebral cortex
Explanation: The cerebral cortex is a thin layer of grey matter that includes the cerebral hemispheres and is extremely convoluted. It is in charge of sensation, voluntary actions, and all conscious thought processes in the grey matter.
Ques: Which of the following neuroglial cells produces a fatty insulating material known as myelin?
- Satellite cells
- Schwann cells
- Both (A) and (B)
- Neither (A) nor (B)
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Ans: 2) Schwann cells
Explanation: There are two types of support cells that are composed of myelin. Oligodendrocytes wind their branch-like extensions around axons to generate a myelin sheath in the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord. Schwann cells synthesise myelin in nerves outside of the spinal cord.
Ques: The nerve which is the largest of all the cranial nerves is _________
- Abducens nerve
- Oculomotor nerve
- Olfactory nerve
- Trigeminal nerve
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Ans: 4) Trigeminal nerve
Explanation: The trigeminal nerve is regarded as the largest cranial nerve, having sensory and motor division. The trigeminal nerve motor division, has its own nucleus in the pons, which helps to innervate the "muscles of mastication" as well as the tensor muscle of the tympanic membranes of the ear.
Ques: Which of the following hormone plays a pivotal role in social bonding, sexual reproduction and childbirth?
- Oxytocin
- Melatonin
- Adrenaline
- None of the above
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Ans: 1) Oxytocin
Explanation: Oxytocin is a hormone that is released into the blood as reaction of sexual activity and during labour. Oxytocin increases uterine contractions in either form, speeding up the childbirth process.
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