To Determine Young’s Modulus of Elasticity of the Material of a Given Wire Viva Questions with Answers

Young's modulus (or Young modulus) is a mechanical characteristic of solid materials that determines the tensile or compressive stiffness when applied longitudinally.

• It is also known as the modulus of elasticity. 
• Although Young's modulus is named after the 19th-century British physicist Thomas Young, Leonhard Euler originated the concept in 1727.
• It is the elasticity modulus for tension or axial compression. 
• Young's modulus is defined as the ratio of applied stress (force per unit area) to axial strain (displacement or deformation) in the material's linear elastic region.
• The SI unit of Young’s modulus is Pascal (Pa).

The formula of Young’s modulus is given by

E = σ/∈

Where

• E is the Young’s modulus
• σ is the uniaxial stress in Pa
• ∈ is the strain or proportional deformation

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Ques. Define Young’s modulus.

Ans. Young's modulus, also known as the modulus of elasticity, is defined as a material's mechanical ability to withstand compression or elongation with respect to its length.

Ques. What is the SI unit of Young’s modulus?

Ans. The SI unit of Young's modulus of elasticity is Nm^-2 or Pascal.

Ques. Define yield point.

Ans. The yield point is the point on a stress-strain curve that signifies the end of elastic behavior and the beginning of plastic behavior in materials science and engineering. A material will bend elastically below the yield point and return to its original shape when the applied force is removed.

Ques. What happens when the object crosses the yield point?

Ans. The yield point is the point at which a material starts to deform plastically. Permanent plastic deformation occurs after the yield point is passed.

Ques. What are the types of elastic constants?

Ans. The different types of elastic constants are

• Bulk modulus (K)
• Young’s modulus or modulus of elasticity (E)
• Poisson’s ratio (µ)
• Shear modulus or modulus of rigidity (G)

Ques. What is Young’s modulus of lead?

Ans. Young’s modulus of lead is 5.5 MPa.

Ques. What is the formula to find Young’s modulus?

Ans. The formula to calculate Young’s modulus is given by

E = σ/∈

Where

• σ is pressure units, uniaxial stress, or uniaxial force per unit surface
• ∈ is a dimensionless strain or proportional deformation (change in length divided by original length)

Ques. What is Young’s modulus of steel?

Ans. Young’s modulus of steel is 200 GPa.

Ques. Consider a wire with length L and radius r loaded with weight Mg where l is the increase in length. What is the formula to calculate the normal stress and longitudinal strain?

Ans. Normal stress is given by the formula

(Stress)_normal = Mg/πr²

Longitudinal strain is given by the formula

(Stress)_longitudinal = I/L

Young’s modulus = Normal stress (Stress)_normal / Longitudinal strain (Stress)_longitudinal

⇒ Young’s modulus = MgL/πr²l

Ques. What is meant by strain?

Ans. Strain is the ratio of a body's change in shape or size to its initial shape or size.

Ques. What is the formula to determine the strain?

Ans. The formula to determine the strain is given by

Strain = Change in Dimensions/Original Dimensions

Ques. What is the dimension of strain?

Ans. The ratio of the body's changed dimensions to its original dimensions is called strain. This is a dimensionless quantity since it is a ratio.

Ques. Define Poisson’s ratio.

Ans. Poisson's ratio is a measure of the Poisson effect, which is the deformation of a material in directions perpendicular to the specified loading direction. Poisson's ratio is the negative of the transverse strain to axial strain ratio.

Ques. What is the formula to express Hooke’s law?

Ans. The expression for the Hooke’s law is given by

F = – kx

Where

• F is the force
• x is the extension of the spring
• k is spring constant

Ques. Define stress.

Ans. Stress is a physical quantity that is expressed as force per unit area. The formula for stress is 

Stress = Force/Area

Ques. What are the types of stress?

Ans. The different types of stress are

• Longitudinal stress
• Volume stress or bulk stress
• Tangential stress or shear stress

Ques. What is the unit of stress?

Ans. The SI unit of stress is Nm^-2 or Pascal.

Ques. What is elasticity?

Ans. Elasticity is a quality of a body under which a body tends to return to its initial size or shape when external forces are removed.

Ques. When is tangential stress experienced?

Ans. Tangential stress occurs when the elastic restoring force acts perpendicular to the surface area.

Ques. What is meant by tensile strain?

Ans. Tensile strain is the change in length caused by the application of tensile stress to a body.

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