Diseases MCQ: Introduction and Explanation

Ans. d) Excessive Sleeping Disorder

Explanation: Narcolepsy is a chronic disease where the person has a sleeping disorder causing him or her to have overwhelming daytime drowsiness. They can fall asleep suddenly at any given time in a day. Some of the symptoms of narcolepsy are – Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS), cataplexy, hallucinations, sleep paralysis, disrupted sleeping patterns. The exact reason for this disorder is not known but it might be due to genetic factors.

Ans. b) Virus

Explanation: Chikungunya is a viral disease that is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito. The name of the virus is Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV). The disease is characterized by certain symptoms such as sudden fever, joint pain which slowly turns severe, headache, nausea, vomiting, maculopapular rash, conjunctivitis, myalgia, etc.  The most common type of mosquito causing Chikungunya are Aedes aegypti and  Aedes albopictus. Blood tests are generally used by doctors to detect this disease.

Ans. b) Virus

Explanation: Dengue is a mosquito-borne disease that is caused by the dengue virus. The virus is transmitted when a female mosquito Aedes albopictus bits the human host. They generally bite during the daytime and can breed in large pools of stagnant water.  The mosquitoes are highly active during dawn and dusk. The symptoms generally take 6 to 10 days to surface after being bitten by the infected mosquito. The symptoms include nausea, vomiting, body rash, body pains and aches (eye pain, typically behind the eyes, muscle joint, and bone), fever, headache, etc.

Ans. a) Bird Flu

Explanation: Bird Flu is caused by the virus H5N1. It is caused by the influenza virus which is highly contagious, severe respiratory flu occurring in birds. It spreads through airborne respiratory droplets like coughs and sneezes. It is treated by the administration of antiviral medicine Oseltamivir. The causal agent of HIV is the AIDS virus whereas the causal agents of Fowl Cholera and Swine Flu are bacteria Pasteurella multilocularis and H1N1 virus respectively.

Ans. c) The focal length of the eye is too long.

Explanation: Hypermetropia is an eye condition where the person affected cannot see the near object but is able to see the far object clearly. This is due to the reason that the focal length of the eyeball becomes too long and the eyeball becomes short. It can be corrected with the help of convex-lensed spectacles or lenses.

Ans. b) Virus

Explanation: Influenza is a common viral disease that attacks the lungs, nose, and throat. It can spread through airborne droplets, contact, and saliva. The symptoms of the disease include – fever, muscle aches, runny nose, coughs, fatigue, and congestion. It mainly attacks a person with a weak immune system. 

Ans. c) Vibrio

Explanation: Cholera is an acute diarrheal disease caused by the infection of the intestine with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae bacteria. This disease can occur when a person swallows or drinks contaminated food and water with Cholera in action. The symptoms are often mild or non-threatening, however, sometimes they can be fatal, severe, and life-threatening. In this condition, a patient has to be administered with oral rehydration solution and in severe conditions, intravenous fluid and antibiotics have to be given.

Ans. a) Cadmium

Explanation: Itai-Itai disease is caused by cadmium and was first recognized in Japan in the 1960s. It was a result of human activities which are associated with industrial activities. It mainly affects women who work in the rice field of Toyama, Japan which is irrigated by the contaminated Jinzu river. The symptom of this disorder is osteomalacia which is characterized by severe bone pain. It is also associated with renal tubular failure.

Ans. c) Diarrhoea

Explanation: The pathogens are transmitted to the person through contaminated water. They can spread through contaminated water, food, and bathing in contaminated water. If not treated properly, such diseases can even prove to be fatal. 

Ans. c) TB

Explanation: BCG vaccine stands for Bacille Calmette- Guerin. It is a vaccine used in the treatment of TB disease. Tuberculosis is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria generally attacks the lungs. The BCG vaccine was first considered by the WHO expert committee in the treatment of tuberculosis. Now, it is one of the widely used vaccines in the treatment of this disease. It also provides protection against meningitis and disseminated TB among children.

Ans. a) Beriberi

Explanation: Beriberi is a deficiency disorder caused by the deficiency of vitamin B1, which is also known as thymine. It is mostly seen in underdeveloped countries where the dietary input of the people is mostly are white rice and highly refined carbohydrates. It is classified into 2 kinds – wet beriberi and dry beriberi. The symptoms of Beriberi include shortness of breathing, swelling of legs and feet, increased heart rate, and severe lack of energy or fatigue.

Ans. c) Joints

Explanation: Arthritis is a disease of the joints. The main symptoms of the disease include swelling and tenderness of our joints along with joint pain and stiffness. It can attack the body's own immune system There are 2 types of Arthritis, namely, Osteoarthritis (most common type) and Rheumatoid Arthritis (caused when your own immune system attacks the body system).

Ans. a) Vitamin A

Explanation: Night Blindness is due to the deficiency of vitamin A. Vitamin A is found in a range of different foods like spinach, milk, egg, liver, fish, carrots. Night blindness is a deficiency disorder where the person is unable to see properly at night or in low, poor light. It is associated with the inability of the person to adapt to poorly illuminated light.

Ans. a) Shigella

Explanation: Dysentery is the infection of the intestines that causes diarrhea containing blood in the stool. It is caused by Bacteria Shigella. It spreads through contaminated food and water. Shigella is a rod-shaped bacteria and is genetically close to E.coli.

Ans. b) Down’s Syndrome

Explanation: Down’s Syndrome is the condition where the person has an extra set of 21st chromosomes. It is called the Trisomy-21. It is called a chromosomal disorder. The person exhibits Mongolian features. The person associated with this disorder has impaired cognitive abilities, physical features, and a series of facial features.

Ans. b) Scurvy

Explanation: Scurvy refers to the condition which occurs due to the deficiency of vitamin C in the diet. It can lead to pains in the limbs, spontaneous bleeding, exhaustion, anemia, and debility. It may lead to death if it is undiagnosed and untreated. The main sources of Vitamin C are citrus fruits and vegetables.