CBSE Class 10 Syllabus 2027: Revised Syllabus Released, Subject-Wise Topics and Deleted Topics PDF

Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic; proofs of irrationality of √2, √3, √5; decimal representation of rational numbers — terminating and non-terminating repeating decimals. Deleted: Euclid’s Division Lemma and Euclid’s Division Algorithm are removed from the 2026-27 syllabus.

Zeros of a polynomial; relationship between zeros and coefficients of a quadratic polynomial; statement of the Division Algorithm for polynomials. Deleted: Detailed verification of Division Algorithm problems are removed.

Graphical representation and solution; algebraic methods — substitution, elimination, cross-multiplication; consistency and inconsistency; equations reducible to a pair of linear equations; real-life word problems on linear equations.

Standard form of a quadratic equation; solution by factorisation, completing the square, and the quadratic formula; nature of roots using the discriminant (D = b²–4ac); real-world application word problems.

Definition and examples of an AP; general term: an = a + (n–1)d; sum of first n terms: Sn = n/2[2a + (n–1)d]; applications involving sums and pattern problems in real-life contexts.

Distance formula; section formula (internal division); mid-point formula. Deleted: Area of a triangle using coordinate formula is removed from the 2026-27 syllabus.

Similar triangles and their properties; Basic Proportionality Theorem (Thales’ theorem) and its converse; criteria for similarity — AA, SAS, SSS; ratio of areas of similar triangles; Pythagoras Theorem and its converse (proof required); application problems on similar triangles.

Tangent to a circle at a point; number of tangents that can be drawn from an external point; lengths of tangents from an external point — theorem with proof; relationship between tangent and radius at the point of contact.

Trigonometric ratios (sin, cos, tan, cosec, sec, cot) of an acute angle; values for standard angles — 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°; proof and application of sin²A + cos²A = 1 and its derived forms; simplification and proof of trigonometric expressions. Deleted: Trigonometric ratios of complementary angles are removed.

Angle of elevation and angle of depression — definitions and significance; simple problems on heights and distances using trigonometric ratios; problems involving at most two right triangles; real-life contexts — towers, flagpoles, shadows, ramps.

Area of a sector and a segment of a circle; areas of combinations of plane figures involving circles; use of π = 22/7 or 3.14 as applicable.

Surface area and volume of combinations of any two solids: cuboid, cylinder, cone, sphere, hemisphere; problems on conversion of one solid shape into another. Deleted: Frustum of a cone — surface area and volume — is removed from the 2026-27 syllabus.

Mean of grouped data — direct, assumed mean, and step-deviation methods; median of grouped data; mode of grouped data; relationship between mean, median, and mode. Deleted: Cumulative frequency distribution and drawing/reading ogives are removed from the 2026-27 syllabus.

Classical definition of probability; computing probability of simple events using sample space; complementary events; mutually exclusive events; problems based on coins, dice, playing cards, and coloured balls; range of probability (0 ≤ P(E) ≤ 1).

Writing and balancing chemical equations; types of reactions — combination, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, redox; corrosion and rancidity as real-life applications.

Properties of acids and bases in solution; acid-base indicators; pH scale; neutralisation; important salts — common salt, baking soda, washing soda, bleaching powder, plaster of paris; water of crystallisation.

Physical and chemical properties of metals and non-metals; reactivity series; ionic compound formation; extraction of metals — occurrence, reduction, refining; alloys; corrosion prevention — galvanisation, alloying.

Covalent bonding; catenation and tetravalency of carbon; functional groups (alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, halide); homologous series; nomenclature of simple carbon compounds; ethanol and ethanoic acid; soaps and detergents — cleansing action and difference.

Autotrophic nutrition (photosynthesis — equation, raw materials, conditions) and heterotrophic nutrition; respiration — aerobic and anaerobic; transportation — blood, heart, lymph in animals; water and minerals in plants (xylem); excretion in plants and animals (kidneys, nephron).

Nervous system — neuron, brain (forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain), spinal cord, reflex arc; tropic movements in plants; plant hormones (auxin, gibberellin, abscisic acid); endocrine glands and their hormones (insulin, adrenaline, thyroxine).

Asexual reproduction — fission, budding, fragmentation, spore formation, vegetative propagation; sexual reproduction in plants — flower structure, pollination, fertilisation; human reproductive system; reproductive health and contraception.

Heredity and variations; Mendel’s experiments — monohybrid and dihybrid crosses; rules of inheritance; sex determination in humans; acquired traits vs inherited traits; significance of variations for species survival.

Ecosystem components; food chains and food webs; trophic levels and energy flow (10% law); biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances; ozone layer and its depletion; waste management; human impact on the environment.

Laws of reflection; spherical mirrors — concave and convex, mirror formula (1/v + 1/u = 1/f), magnification; refraction — laws of refraction, refractive index; refraction through glass slab; lenses — converging and diverging, lens formula, magnification; power of a lens (P = 1/f in dioptres).

Human eye structure and accommodation; defects of vision — myopia, hypermetropia, presbyopia — causes and correction; refraction through prism; dispersion; atmospheric refraction (twinkling of stars, advance sunrise); scattering of light — Tyndall effect, blue sky, red sunset.

Electric current; potential difference; Ohm’s Law (V = IR); resistance and factors; resistors in series and parallel; Joule’s Law (H = I²Rt); electric power (P = VI); domestic electric circuits — earthing, fuse, MCB; numerical problems.

Magnetic field and field lines; field due to straight wire, circular coil, solenoid; Fleming’s left-hand rule; force on a current-carrying conductor; electric motor — principle and working; electromagnetic induction; Fleming’s right-hand rule; electric generator (AC and DC); domestic circuit components.