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Dilution factor equation can be described by the final volume of the solution to the final volume of the solution. By adjusting the amount of solvent present, dilution is the process of reducing a solute's concentration in a solution. The saltwater solution, which contains salt as the solute and water as the solvent, is an excellent example.
- Dilution refers to the process of lowering a solution's concentration.
- When a solute dissolves in a solvent, a solution is created.
- The quantity of solute dissolved in a volume of solution is referred to as concentration.
- Calculating the dilution factor, DF is as follows: DF = V2 ÷ V1, where V1 is the initial volume of solution and V2 is the final volume of solution.
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Key Terms: Dilution formula, Dilution, Solution, Solvent, Molarity.
What is Dilution?
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Dilution describes the act of lowering a solute's concentration in a solution, often by adding an additional solvent. A solvent is added during dilutions, which results in a less concentrated solution. On the other hand, boosting a solution's concentration calls for the addition of more solute.
- Despite having certain similarities, concentration, and dilution are two distinct ideas.
- The amount of solute that is present in a specific amount of solvent or solution is referred to as "concentration".
- Diluting can also be accomplished by combining two solutions with different concentrations.
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Dilution Formula
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The dilution formula can be used to determine the right amount of solvent to use during diluting a solution. The initial and finishing solute concentrations in molarity, or moles per liter solution, as well as the total volume of the solution in liters, are considered in the dilution formula. The equation reads as follows:
M1V1 = M2V2
Here, M1 is the molarity of the initial solution.
V1 is the volume of the initial solution.
M2 stands for the final solution's molarity.
The final solution's volume is designated as V2.
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Dilution Factor Calculation
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The original solution or stock solution is diluted using a dilution factor. The final volume of the solution divided by the original volume is known as the dilution factor. The volume of the solution following dilution is the final volume. The initial volume, or the volume of the original solution utilized for the dilution, is the volume of the solution before it dilutes. In addition to the solute's mass, this connection can be employed.
Using a known volume of the stock solution (Vinitial), add enough solvent to create a fresh volume of the solution (Vfinal) that is 50 times Vinitial.
Vfinal = 50 × Vinitial
The ratio of volumes to employ while preparing the new solution is indicated by the "1:50".
V1 : V2 = 1: 50
Given that V1 = 1 and V2 = 50
so the dilution factor, DF, = V2 ÷ V1 = 50 ÷ 1 = 50
To put it another way, the new, diluted solution will be 50 times larger in volume than the previous, undiluted solution:
Vfinal = DF × Vinitial
A dilution factor just informs you of the start-to-final volume ratio; it does not provide information on the initial or final volumes themselves.
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Solved Examples
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Example 1: 175 ml of a 1.6 M aqueous solution of LiCi is diluted with water to a final volume of 1.0 L. What is the final concentration of the diluted solution?
Solution: The equation reads as follows:
M1V1 = M2V2
Here, M1 is the molarity of the initial solution.
V1 is the volume of the initial solution.
M2 stands for the final solution's molarity.
The final solution's volume is designated as V2
Here, 1.6*175= M2 *1000
M2 = 0.28M
Example 2: A scientist wishes to dilute 100 mL of a 5 M NaOH solution to make a new 1 L solution. What will the new solution's final concentration be?
Solution: Initial concentration of HCl is 6M
The final concentration of HCl is 1.5M
The final volume of the solution is 5L
The initial volume needs to be found.
Substituting the values, we get
Vi = 1.5 x 5.0 / 6
= 1.3 L
Things to Remember
- Dilution factor equation can be described by the final volume of the solution to the final volume of the solution.
- Dilution refers to the process of lowering a solution's concentration.
- When a solute dissolves in a solvent, a solution is created.
- The quantity of solute dissolved in a volume of solution is referred to as concentration.
- Dilution describes the act of lowering a solute's concentration in a solution, often by adding an additional solvent.
- A dilution factor just informs you of the start-to-final volume ratio; it does not provide information on the initial or final volumes themselves.
- Diluting can also be accomplished by combining two solutions with different concentrations.
Sample Questions
Ques: A 10 liters solution of 5M HCl is diluted to 1M HCl solution. What is the volume of the 1M HCl solution formed? (3 Marks)
Ans: Given,
M1 = 5M, M2 = 1M, V1 = 10l, V2 = ?
Using dilution formula: M1V1 = M2V2
5 ×10 = 1 × V2
V2 = 50l
Thus the volume of 1M HCl formed is 50 liters.
Ques: What do you mean by dilution? Give one example. (2 Marks)
Ans: By introducing extra solvent, dilution is the process of lowering a solution's concentration. Another definition of dilution is the fall in pH of a chemical, which can be a solution, vapor, or gas. Dilution is the opposite of concentration.
For instance, adding additional water to sugar syrup causes the solution's concentration to drop, which is referred to as dilution.
Ques: State dilution formula. (2 Marks)
Ans: The following can be used to express a dilution formula:
M1V1 = M2V2
where
M1 is the solution's initial molarity.
M2 is the molarity of the diluted solution.
V1 is the solution's initial volume.
Volume after dilution is V2.
Ques: What is serial dilution? (1 Mark)
Ans: Serial dilution is the step-by-step diluting of a solution. Each step's dilution factor is a fixed amount.
Ques: Why molality is not considered a unit for concentration in the dilution formula? (2 Marks)
Ans: The quantity of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent is known as molality. In chemistry, the liquid volume is often measured in liters, thus knowing the liquid's density will help us determine the solvent's weight in kilograms. As a result, since each type of solvent has a distinct density, weight determination is needed.
Ques: Why does a solution become less conducting when diluted? (2 Marks)
Ans: When a solution is diluted, the solvent content rises while the solvent content stays the same. As a result, there are fewer solute particles in a given volume of solution. A characteristic of solute particles is the conductivity of solutions, which decreases with dilution.
Ques: If you dilute 175 mL of a 1.6 M solution of LiCl to 1.0 L, determine the new concentration of the solution. (2 Marks)
Ans: M1V1 = M2V2
(1.6 mol/L) (175 mL) = (x) (1000 mL)
x = 0.28 M
Ques: How many solutions of 3M KCl is needed to make 10 liters of 2M KCl solution? (2 Marks)
Ans: Given,
M1 = 3, V1 = ?, M2 = 2, V2 = 10
Using dilution formula,
M1V1 = M2V2
3 × V1 = 2 × 10
V1 = 6.67 liters
Thus, 6.67 liters of 3M KCl is needed to make 10 liters of 2M KCl solution.
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