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An electric car or electric vehicle (EV) is a vehicle operated by one or more electric traction motors and powered only by energy stored in batteries.
- Electric vehicles are quieter, more responsive, have greater energy conversion efficiency, no exhaust emissions, and lower total vehicle emissions as compared to traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles.
- The word "electric car" most commonly refers to a battery electric vehicle (BEV), although it can also apply to a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), a range-extended electric vehicle (REEV), and a fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV).
The main components of electric cars are
- Battery
- DC/DC Converter
- Electric Traction Motor
- Charge Port
- Power Electronic Controller
- Thermal system
- Transmission
- The Onboard Charger
The advantages of electric cars are as follows:
- No noise pollution
- Low maintenance cost
- Lower running costs
- Zero tailpipe emission
- Better driving experience
Very Short Answers Questions [1 Mark Questions]
Ques. What is an electric car?
Ans. An electric car is a vehicle powered by electric motors that solely consume energy stored in batteries. Electric vehicles emit no pollution and are quieter than internal combustion engine vehicles.
Ques. What is an electric vehicle?
Ans. An electric vehicle (EV) is a vehicle that is propelled by one or more electric motors. It can be powered by a collector system, extravehicular sources of energy, or a battery.
Ques. What are the different types of batteries used in electric cars?
Ans. The different types of batteries used in electric cars are
- Lithium-ion battery
- Hybrid nickel-metal (NIMH) Battery
- Lead-Acid battery
Ques. What is EVSE?
Ans. EVSE stands for Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment. It is also known as “EV charging station” or “charging point.”
Ques. What is the gradability of a vehicle?
Ans. Gradability is defined as the ability of a vehicle to navigate a grade (slope/acclivity) in Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) condition, and it can range from 0% to 45% (maximum)
Short Answers Questions [2 Marks Questions]
Ques. What is an electric vehicle traction motor?
Ans. A traction motor is a type of electric motor used to provide propulsion in vehicles such as trains, electric cars (EVs), and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). It provides torque to drive the vehicle's wheels or axles, giving the necessary traction to propel the vehicle's movement.
Ques. What are the different types of electric traction motors that are used in electric vehicles?
Ans. The different types of electric traction motors used in electric vehicles are
- DC Series Motor
- AC Series Motor
- Three-Phase Induction Motor
- Linear Induction Motor
Ques. What is the function of a thermal system in electric vehicles?
Ans. The thermal system keeps the electric motor, power electrics, electric engine, and other components running at optimal temperatures.
Ques. What is the function of transmission in electric vehicles?
Ans. In an electric car, the role of transmission is to transmit power from the electric motor to the wheels. An electric car, unlike a gasoline-powered vehicle, does not require a multi-speed transmission. This is due to the fact that electric motors deliver a consistent amount of torque at every given RPM within a particular range.
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Long Answers Questions [3 Marks Questions]
Ques. What is the function of an onboard charger in electric vehicles?
Ans. The main function of an onboard charger in electric vehicles is that it converts the AC supply through the charging port to DC power to charge the traction battery. While charging the module it also communicates with the charging component and examines battery properties such as temperature, current, voltage, and charge status.
Ques. What is the function of an auxiliary battery in electric vehicles?
Ans. The main functions of an auxiliary battery in an electric vehicle are
- It gives power to the other accessories of the vehicle when the main battery is not in use.
- It helps the start-stop mechanism of the vehicle.
- It is used as a backup power source for the vehicle when the main battery stop functioning.
Ques. What is the difference between electric vehicles and conventional vehicles?
Ans. The followings are the differences between electric vehicles and conventional vehicles
| Electric Vehicles | Conventional Vehicles |
|---|---|
| It operates on renewable sources of energy | It operates on non-renewable sources of energy |
| It requires less maintenance | It requires more maintenance |
| It does not produce noise | It produces noise |
| Refueling is cheaper | Refueling is costly |
Very Long Answers Questions [5 Marks Questions]
Ques. What is the significance of electric vehicles?
Ans. Electric motors are capable of producing high power-to-weight ratios. Electric motors have a flat torque curve down to zero velocity in most cases.
- Most electric vehicles have fixed-ratio gearboxes for stability, but no clutch.
- Many electric vehicles accelerate far quicker than conventional ICE automobiles.
- This is mainly due to lower drivetrain frictional losses and the fast torque of the electric motor.
- Motors in each wheel or close to the wheels have the potential to be installed in electric cars.
- Though this is very rare, it is said to be considerably more secure.
- Electric cars without a differential or axle may have lower drivetrain inertia.
- Drag racer EVs with DC motors use a basic two-speed manual gearbox to increase the highest speed.
Ques. What are the main components of the electric car?
Ans. The main components of electric cars are
- Battery: In an electric car, the auxiliary battery provides power to vehicle accessories.
- DC/DC Converter: The device converts the higher-voltage DC power of the traction battery module into the lower-voltage DC power required to operate car components and recharge the battery.
- Electric Traction Motor: This motor propels the vehicle's wheels by drawing electricity from the battery pack.
- Charge Port: The charge port links the vehicle to an external power source so that the traction battery pack may be charged.
- Power Electronic Controller: It controls the flow of electrical energy supplied by the traction battery, hence controlling the motion of the electric traction motor and the torque it produces.
- Thermal system (cooling): The thermal system keeps the electric motor, power electrics, electric engine, and other components running at optimal temperatures.
- Transmission: The transmission provides mechanical power to the electric traction motor, which propels the wheels.
- The Onboard Charger: It converts the AC power supplied through the charging connector into DC power to charge the traction battery. While charging the module, it also communicates with the charging component and examines battery properties such as current, temperature, charge status, and voltage.
- Traction Battery Pack: It stores electricity for the electric traction motor.
Ques. What are the advantages of electric cars?
Ans. The advantages of electric cars are as follows:
- No noise pollution: Because there is no engine under their bonnets, electric vehicles may operate in complete silence. There will be no noise since there will be no engine.
- Low maintenance cost: Because electric cars have fewer moving parts than internal combustion vehicles, they require less maintenance. Electric automobiles require less maintenance than traditional petrol or diesel vehicles. As a result, the annual cost of operating an electric car is much lower.
- Lower running costs: An electric car has substantially lower operating costs than a comparable fuel or diesel vehicle. Electric vehicles charge their batteries with electricity rather than utilizing fossil fuels such as petrol or diesel.
- Zero tailpipe emission: Because there are no exhaust emissions, driving an electric vehicle can help to minimize the carbon impact. It further lessens the environmental effect of charging your vehicle by using renewable energy for household power.
- Better driving experience: Electric vehicles are often quieter and smoother to drive than petrol vehicles. They also have immediate torque, allowing them to accelerate quickly from the stopping point.
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