ICSE Class 10 Syllabus 2027: Subject-Wise Topics, PDF Download and Chapter Wise Weightage

Essay writing (narrative, descriptive, argumentative, and discursive types); formal and informal letter writing; email and notice writing; report writing. Questions reward clarity of thought, logical organisation, and appropriate vocabulary range.

Tenses and their correct usage; active and passive voice transformation; direct and indirect speech; sentence transformation; prepositions and conjunctions; punctuation; error detection and correction; vocabulary-in-context exercises.

Unseen prose passage with questions testing literal and inferential comprehension; vocabulary-in-context; title suggestion; summarising a specific section from the passage in your own words (typically 60–80 words).

Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare. Questions test character analysis (Caesar, Brutus, Antony, Cassius), scene-by-scene comprehension, extract-based contextual questions, and theme interpretation. Key themes include ambition, betrayal, loyalty, and political power.

Selected short stories from the prescribed anthology Treasure Chest. Questions cover character analysis, plot comprehension, theme identification, and extract-based questions requiring textual evidence.

Poems from the CISCE-prescribed poetry anthology. Questions test appreciation of poetic devices (metaphor, simile, alliteration, rhyme scheme, imagery), stanza-level interpretation, and identification of theme and mood. Both classical and modern poems are included.

Linear Inequations in one variable, graphing solutions on a number line; Quadratic Equations by factorisation, formula method (Shridharacharya’s rule), and nature of roots (discriminant); Ratio and Proportion including componendo and dividendo; Matrices — types, addition, subtraction, multiplication, solving simultaneous equations; Arithmetic Progressions — nth term and sum of n terms; Geometric Progressions — nth term and sum of n terms.

Goods and Services Tax (GST) — calculating CGST, SGST, and IGST on transactions; Banking — Recurring Deposit accounts and maturity value calculation; Shares and Dividends — face value, market value, dividend yield, rate of return. The 2027 cycle places increased emphasis on real-life application of GST problems.

Similarity of triangles — conditions (AA, SAS, SSS), ratio of areas, Pythagoras theorem; Circles — tangent properties, angles in a semicircle, angle in alternate segment, cyclic quadrilateral properties; Coordinate Geometry — section formula, mid-point formula, equation of a line (slope-intercept form), slope; Geometric Constructions — tangents from an external point, circumscribed and inscribed circles.

Trigonometric identities (sin²θ + cos²θ = 1 and derived forms); complementary angle relations; Heights and Distances — angle of elevation and depression; real-life word problems involving two triangles requiring simultaneous equations.

Surface area and volume of cylinder, cone, sphere, and hemisphere; combined solid figures (e.g., cone on a cylinder); conversion problems — melting one solid to form another; real-life word problems involving 3D shapes.

Mean using direct, shortcut, and step-deviation methods for grouped data; Median using the formula and from the ogive; Mode using the modal class formula and histogram; Graphical representation — histograms (equal and unequal class intervals), frequency polygon, cumulative frequency ogive (less-than and more-than types).

Sample space and events; classical definition of probability; single-event probability; complementary events; simple problems using playing cards, dice, and coloured balls.

Turning effect of force; moment of force (torque); couple; principle of moments; centre of gravity; equilibrium of bodies (stable, unstable, neutral); uniform circular motion and centripetal force.

Work done (W = F × d); kinetic and potential energy; conservation of mechanical energy; power and commercial unit (kWh); simple machines — levers (Class I, II, III), pulleys (single fixed, single movable, block and tackle); mechanical advantage, velocity ratio, efficiency — formulae and numerical problems.

Laws of refraction; Snell’s law; refractive index; critical angle and total internal reflection (optical fibre, diamond); convex and concave lenses — ray diagrams, image formation; lens formula (1/v − 1/u = 1/f); magnification; power of a lens (dioptre); human eye defects — myopia, hypermetropia, and correction with lenses.

Nature and propagation of sound waves; speed of sound and factors affecting it; reflection of sound — echoes, reverberation; characteristics — loudness (decibel), pitch, quality (timbre); resonance; SONAR; ultrasound — properties and applications in medicine and industry.

Ohm’s law; resistance and resistivity; factors affecting resistance; series and parallel circuit calculations; EMF and internal resistance; electrical energy and power (P = VI = I²R = V²/R); commercial unit (kWh); domestic circuits — earthing, fuse, MCB, safety; electromagnetic induction — Faraday’s law, Fleming’s right-hand rule; AC generator (principle); transformer — step-up and step-down, uses.

Calorimetry — specific heat capacity, heat capacity, principle of calorimetry (method of mixtures); latent heat — specific latent heat of fusion and vaporisation; thermal expansion; ideal gas laws (Boyle’s law, Charles’s law); greenhouse effect and global warming.

Nuclear structure — atomic number, mass number, isotopes; radioactivity — alpha, beta, and gamma radiation (properties, penetrating power); background radiation; half-life (concept and simple numericals); nuclear fission and chain reaction; nuclear fusion; nuclear reactor (principle); uses and hazards of radioactivity.

Modern periodic law; groups and periods; periodicity in properties — atomic radius, ionisation energy, electronegativity, electron affinity; metallic and non-metallic character trends across periods and down groups.

Arrhenius concept; indicators and pH scale; neutralisation reactions; types of salts (acidic, basic, normal); preparation of soluble salts (neutralisation, displacement, action on carbonates) and insoluble salts (double decomposition); uses of important salts.

Identification of cations (NH₄⁺, Ca²⁺, Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Pb²⁺) using NaOH and NH₄OH; flame tests — Na (yellow), K (lilac), Ca (brick red), Ba (apple green); identification of anions (CO₃²⁻, SO₄²⁻, NO₃⁻, Cl⁻); gas tests for NH₃, CO₂, HCl, SO₂, H₂S, Cl₂.

Avogadro’s number (6.022 × 10²³); molar mass; molar volume at STP (22.4 L); Gay-Lussac’s law of combining volumes; percentage composition; empirical and molecular formulae; stoichiometric calculations — mass-mass, mass-volume; limiting reagent.

Ammonia — lab preparation, Haber Process (450°C, 200 atm, iron catalyst), properties, uses; Nitric Acid — Ostwald Process, properties of dilute and concentrated HNO₃, uses; Sulphuric Acid — Contact Process (V₂O₅ catalyst, 450°C), properties of dilute and concentrated H₂SO₄, uses; Hydrogen Chloride — lab preparation, properties of HCl gas and hydrochloric acid, uses.

Introduction to organic compounds; IUPAC nomenclature; homologous series; alkanes, alkenes, alkynes — properties and reactions (substitution, addition, combustion); ethanol — preparation by fermentation and hydration, properties, uses; acetic acid — preparation, properties, uses; polymers — polyethylene, PVC (addition polymerisation, introductory level).

Cell organelles — nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplast, Golgi apparatus, ribosomes, lysosomes, vacuoles; plant vs animal cell differences; cell cycle; Mitosis — stages (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase) and significance; Meiosis — reduction division, significance for genetic variation; key differences between mitosis and meiosis.

Types — stomatal, lenticular, cuticular; mechanism of stomatal opening and closing (guard cells); factors affecting transpiration — light, temperature, humidity, wind, leaf area; wilting and its causes; potometer; significance of transpiration; experiments to demonstrate transpiration.

Definition, balanced equation, raw materials (CO₂, water) and light energy; site — chloroplast; overview of light-dependent and light-independent (Calvin cycle) reactions; factors affecting rate — light intensity, CO₂ concentration, temperature, water; experiments (starch test, variegated leaf, CO₂ requirement, light dependence); carbon cycle; significance of photosynthesis.

Five plant growth regulators: Auxins (IAA) — phototropism, apical dominance; Gibberellins — stem elongation, seed germination; Cytokinins — cell division, delay of senescence; Abscisic acid (ABA) — dormancy, wilting; Ethylene — fruit ripening; tropic movements (phototropism, geotropism, thigmotropism, hydrotropism); nastic movements; practical applications of plant hormones.

Human heart — chambers, valves, major blood vessels; cardiac cycle; blood composition — plasma, RBCs (haemoglobin, lifespan), WBCs (types and functions), platelets; ABO blood groups and Rh factor; blood vessels — arteries, veins, capillaries; double circulation; lymphatic system — lymph, lymph nodes, immunity, fat absorption; blood pressure.

Excretory organs — kidneys, lungs, skin, liver; kidney structure (cortex, medulla, pelvis); nephron — structure with labelled diagram; urine formation (ultrafiltration, selective reabsorption, tubular secretion); normal and abnormal urine constituents; dialysis (haemodialysis); role of liver (urea synthesis) and skin (sweat glands).

Neuron — structure (cell body, axon, dendrites, myelin sheath, synaptic knobs); types of neurons (sensory, motor, relay); nerve impulse and synapse; CNS — brain (cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla oblongata), spinal cord; reflex action and reflex arc; sense organs — eye (structure, defects: myopia and hypermetropia); ear (structure and hearing).

Endocrine glands and hormones: pituitary (GH, ADH, FSH, LH, TSH), thyroid (thyroxine), parathyroid (parathormone), adrenal (adrenaline, cortisol), pancreas (insulin and glucagon — blood glucose regulation), gonads (testosterone, oestrogen, progesterone); feedback mechanism; disorders — diabetes mellitus, goitre, dwarfism, gigantism.

Male reproductive system — testes, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, urethra; spermatogenesis; Female reproductive system — ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix; oogenesis; menstrual cycle and hormonal control; fertilisation and implantation; placenta — structure and functions; parturition; lactation; sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and prevention.

Mendel’s laws (law of segregation, law of independent assortment); monohybrid and dihybrid crosses using Punnett squares; phenotype and genotype; dominant and recessive alleles; incomplete dominance; sex determination in humans (XX/XY); sex-linked traits — haemophilia and colour blindness; hereditary diseases — haemophilia, sickle-cell anaemia, Down’s syndrome; types and causes of mutation.

Human population growth — causes and consequences; family planning methods (barrier, hormonal, surgical); deforestation — causes, effects, conservation; air pollution — smog, acid rain, global warming, ozone depletion; water pollution — sewage, eutrophication; soil pollution — pesticides, plastics; greenhouse effect; biodiversity conservation; sustainable development.

Factors influencing India’s climate — latitude, altitude, distance from sea, ocean currents, relief; Indian monsoon — onset, withdrawal, distribution, variability; four seasons (hot dry, advancing monsoon, retreating monsoon, cool dry); rainfall distribution; regional climate types; climate change and its impact on Indian agriculture.

River systems — Himalayan rivers (Ganga, Brahmaputra) and peninsular rivers; types of irrigation — canal, well/tube-well, tank, drip, sprinkler; multipurpose river valley projects (Bhakra-Nangal, Damodar Valley, Nagarjunasagar); rainwater harvesting; water scarcity and conservation; hydroelectric power.

Types of farming — subsistence, commercial, plantation; Kharif, Rabi, and Zaid crop seasons; food crops — rice, wheat, millets, pulses (conditions, major states); cash crops — cotton, jute, sugarcane, oilseeds; plantation crops — tea, coffee, rubber; Green Revolution — impact and limitations; challenges in Indian agriculture.

Roadways (National Highways, Golden Quadrilateral); railways — zones, importance; inland waterways and major seaports; airways — major airports; solid waste management — composting, recycling, sanitary landfills; hazardous and e-waste disposal; 3R principle (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle).

Identification and labelling on outline maps of India: physical features (mountains, hills, passes, rivers, lakes, coastal features); states and union territories with capitals; distribution of climate zones, soil types, natural vegetation, crop regions, mineral deposits, major industries, and transport routes. Map Work is compulsory in the external exam and carries direct marks.

Fundamentals of OOP — objects and classes; four pillars of OOP: abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism; advantages of OOP over procedural programming; overview of the Java platform and the BlueJ development environment.

Java tokens — keywords, identifiers, literals, operators; primitive data types (int, double, char, boolean, long, float); variables — declaration, initialisation, and scope; type casting (implicit and explicit); Scanner class for user input; System.out.println() and System.out.print(); arithmetic, relational, logical, bitwise, assignment, and ternary operators; operator precedence and associativity.

Conditional statements: if, if-else, if-else-if ladder, nested if-else, and switch-case; looping constructs: for loop, while loop, do-while loop, and nested loops; break and continue statements; writing programs for patterns, series (Fibonacci, prime, perfect numbers), and digit-wise operations (digit sum, reverse, palindrome check).

One-dimensional (1D) arrays — declaration, initialisation, traversal; linear search; sorting: bubble sort and selection sort; two-dimensional (2D) arrays — declaration, traversal, input/output; matrix operations (addition, transpose); passing arrays to methods.

String class in Java; important methods: length(), charAt(), indexOf(), lastIndexOf(), substring(), toUpperCase(), toLowerCase(), equals(), equalsIgnoreCase(), compareTo(), trim(), replace(), concat(), startsWith(), endsWith(); converting strings to numbers using Integer.parseInt() and Double.parseDouble(); Character class methods: isDigit(), isLetter(), isUpperCase(), isLowerCase(), toUpperCase(), toLowerCase().

Defining classes and creating objects; instance variables and instance methods; constructors — default and parameterised; constructor overloading; method overloading (same name, different parameter lists); this keyword; static variables and static methods; Math class: Math.sqrt(), Math.pow(), Math.abs(), Math.ceil(), Math.floor(), Math.round(), Math.min(), Math.max(); wrapper classes — Integer, Double, Character (boxing and unboxing).

Concept and need for inheritance; single inheritance in Java; extends keyword; access modifiers in inheritance (public, protected, private); super keyword — calling parent class constructor and methods; method overriding — rules and runtime behaviour; difference between method overloading and method overriding; runtime polymorphism; types of inheritance in Java (single and multilevel — multiple inheritance is not supported in Java).

Number systems: binary (base 2), octal (base 8), decimal (base 10), hexadecimal (base 16); conversions between all four systems (binary to/from decimal, octal, and hexadecimal; decimal to/from octal and hexadecimal); binary arithmetic — addition; subtraction using 1’s complement and 2’s complement; Boolean laws (identity, complement, idempotent, associative, commutative, distributive); De Morgan’s theorem — both forms with truth table proof; logic gates: AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR, XNOR — symbols, truth tables, Boolean expressions; simplification of Boolean expressions; designing basic combinational circuits using logic gates.