ICSE Class 10 Syllabus 2027: Revised Syllabus PDF, Subject Wise Topics and Deleted Topics

Narrative essays (personal experience, story-based); Descriptive essays (person, place, event, scene); Expository essays (process, explanation); Argumentative essays (for-and-against, opinion); Short story writing. Focus areas: structure, coherent paragraphing, vocabulary range, and cohesion.

Sentence transformation (active/passive voice, direct/indirect speech, degrees of comparison, affirmative/negative); Sentence combining; Gap-filling — prepositions, conjunctions, articles, modals; Error correction; Rearranging jumbled sentences; Collocations; Idioms and phrases; One-word substitutes.

Federal structure of India; Composition of Lok Sabha — election, qualifications, term, Speaker’s role; Composition of Rajya Sabha — Chairman (Vice-President), election, importance; Powers and functions of Parliament; Legislative procedure — ordinary bills, money bills, joint session; Parliamentary sessions; Question Hour; Zero Hour; No-confidence motion.

President — election process, qualifications, term, powers (executive, legislative, financial, judicial, military, diplomatic, emergency, discretionary); Vice-President — role and election; Prime Minister — appointment, position, powers; Council of Ministers — Cabinet, Ministers of State; Collective ministerial responsibility; Attorney General.

Supreme Court — composition, appointment of judges, jurisdiction (original, appellate, advisory, writ), judicial review; High Courts — composition and jurisdiction; Subordinate Courts — civil, criminal, revenue, family courts; Lok Adalats; Independence of the judiciary; Public Interest Litigation (PIL).

First War of Independence (1857) — causes, events, consequences; Growth of Nationalism — economic exploitation, reform movements, role of the press; Indian National Congress (1885) — formation, objectives; Moderate phase (Gokhale) and Assertive phase (Tilak, Lal-Bal-Pal); Partition of Bengal (1905) and Swadeshi Movement; Home Rule Movement; Mahatma Gandhi — Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22), Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-34), Round Table Conferences; Quit India Movement (1942) and Cripps’ Mission; Subhas Chandra Bose and the Indian National Army; Transfer of Power and Partition (1947).

World War I (1914-18) — causes (alliance system, imperialism, militarism, nationalism), key events, Treaty of Versailles, League of Nations; Rise of Dictatorships — Fascism in Italy (Mussolini), Nazism in Germany (Hitler), causes and impacts; World War II (1939-45) — causes, events, atomic bombs, consequences; United Nations — formation, structure, principal organs (General Assembly, Security Council, ICJ, ECOSOC, Trusteeship Council, Secretariat); Non-Aligned Movement — Panchsheel, architects, objectives.

Reading and interpreting Survey of India topographical maps (1:50,000 scale); map symbols and conventional signs; contour lines and landforms (ridges, valleys, spurs, cliffs); calculating distances using scale; Political map of India — states, union territories, capitals; Physical map features — mountain ranges, rivers, plains, coastal features; Marking major cities, ports, industries, and crop regions on blank maps.

Factors influencing India’s climate — latitude, altitude, distance from sea, ocean currents, relief features; The Indian Monsoon — onset, advance, variability, and retreat; Four seasons: hot dry season, South-West Monsoon season, season of retreating monsoon, cool dry season; Regional climate types; Climate change and its impact on India’s agriculture and water availability; Adaptation measures.

Sources — rivers, lakes, groundwater; Types of irrigation — canal, well and tube-well, tank, drip and sprinkler; Major multipurpose river valley projects — Bhakra Nangal (Sutlej), Hirakud (Mahanadi), Damodar Valley, Nagarjunasagar (Krishna); Rainwater harvesting; Water scarcity and conservation; Hydroelectric power generation.

Types of farming — subsistence, commercial, plantation; Kharif and Rabi crop seasons; Food crops — rice (states, requirements), wheat, millets, pulses; Cash crops — cotton, jute, sugarcane, oilseeds; Plantation crops — tea, coffee, rubber; Green Revolution — impact and limitations; Organic farming; Challenges in Indian agriculture — fragmented landholdings, price volatility, irrigation dependence.

Goods and Services Tax (GST) — CGST, SGST, IGST, Input Tax Credit, computation with examples; Compound Interest — formula A = P(1+r/100)^n, half-yearly, depreciation; Banking — Recurring Deposit accounts, maturity value calculation; Shares and Dividends — face value, market value, dividend calculation, yield, rate of return, annual income from shares.

Linear inequations in one variable; graphing on number line; Quadratic equations — factorisation method, formula method (Shreedharacharya’s rule), discriminant, nature of roots; Ratio and Proportion — alternendo, invertendo, componendo-dividendo; Matrices — types, equality, addition, subtraction, multiplication (2×2); Arithmetic Progressions — nth term, sum of n terms; Geometric Progressions — nth term, sum; Coordinate Geometry — distance formula, section formula, midpoint, centroid, slope, equation of a line (slope-intercept and two-point forms).

Similar triangles — AA, SAS, SSS criteria, area theorem, Pythagoras theorem; Circle theorems — tangent-radius perpendicularity, tangent from external point, chord-arc relations, angle in a semicircle, angle in alternate segment, cyclic quadrilaterals; Loci — standard loci, constructions using loci; Geometric constructions — circumscribed circle, inscribed circle, tangents from external point.

Turning effect of force — moment of force (torque); Principle of moments; Centre of gravity; Equilibrium — stable, unstable, neutral; Scalars and vectors; Uniform circular motion; Centripetal force and its examples.

Work done by a constant force (W = F × d, units: joule); Kinetic and potential energy; Conservation of energy; Power (watt, horsepower); Commercial unit of energy (kWh); Simple machines — levers (Class I, II, III), pulleys (single fixed, single movable, block and tackle), inclined plane; Mechanical advantage (MA), velocity ratio (VR), efficiency — formulae, relationships, and numerical problems.

Laws of refraction; Snell’s law; Refractive index; Critical angle and total internal reflection; Applications — optical fibre, prism periscope; Refraction through a prism; Convex and concave lenses — ray diagrams, focal length; Lens formula (1/v - 1/u = 1/f); Magnification; Power of a lens (dioptre); Human eye defects — myopia, hypermetropia — and correction with lenses.

Nature and propagation of sound; Characteristics — pitch, loudness (decibel), quality (timbre); Speed of sound in different media; Reflection of sound — echo, reverberation; Minimum distance for echo; Natural vibrations, damped vibrations, forced vibrations; Resonance — definition and examples; SONAR; Infrasound and ultrasound — properties and applications in medicine and industry.

Ohm’s Law; Resistance and resistivity; Factors affecting resistance; Series and parallel circuits — equivalent resistance, current and voltage distribution; EMF and internal resistance; Electric power and energy (P = VI = I²R = V²/R); Commercial unit (kWh); Domestic circuits — earthing, fuse, MCB, safety precautions; Magnetic effect of current — Oersted’s experiment, solenoid, electromagnets; Force on a current-carrying conductor (Fleming’s left-hand rule); DC motor principle; Electromagnetic induction — Faraday’s law; Fleming’s right-hand rule; AC generator; Transformer — step-up and step-down, uses.

Radioactivity — alpha, beta, gamma radiation: properties, penetrating power, deflection in fields; Background radiation; Geiger-Müller tube; Half-life — concept and simple numerical; Safe handling and uses of radioisotopes (medicine, carbon dating, food irradiation); Nuclear fission and chain reaction; Nuclear fusion; Principle of a nuclear reactor; Uses and hazards of nuclear energy.

Modern periodic law; Groups and periods; Electronic configuration and position in the periodic table; Periodic properties — atomic radius, ionisation energy, electronegativity, electron affinity; Metallic and non-metallic character; Trends across a period and down a group; Position of elements (alkali metals, halogens, noble gases).

Properties of acids and bases; pH scale; Indicators — litmus, phenolphthalein, universal indicator; Neutralisation reactions; Types of salts — normal, acid, basic, double; Preparation of salts — neutralisation, displacement, double decomposition, direct combination; Acidic and basic oxides; Hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in solution.

Detection of cations — NH₄⁺, Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺, Zn²⁺, Al³⁺, Ca²⁺, Ba²⁺ using NaOH and NH₄OH; Flame tests — Na (yellow), K (lilac), Ca (brick red), Ba (apple green), Cu (green); Detection of anions — CO₃²⁻, SO₄²⁻, Cl⁻, NO₃⁻; Gas tests for: NH₃, CO₂, H₂, Cl₂, HCl, H₂S, SO₂, NO₂.

Avogadro’s number (6.022 × 10²³); Mole concept and molar mass; Gay-Lussac’s law of combining volumes; Molar volume at STP (22.4 L); Percentage composition; Empirical formula and molecular formula; Stoichiometric calculations — mass-mass, mass-volume; Limiting reagent.

Ammonia (NH₃) — lab preparation (NH₄Cl + Ca(OH)₂), Haber Process (conditions: 450°C, 200 atm, iron catalyst), physical and chemical properties, tests, uses (fertilisers, refrigerants); Nitric Acid (HNO₃) — lab preparation (Cu + conc. HNO₃), Ostwald Process (conditions), properties of dilute and concentrated HNO₃, uses (fertilisers, explosives).

Sulphuric Acid (H₂SO₄) — Contact Process (conditions: V₂O₅ catalyst, 450°C), properties of dilute H₂SO₄ as an acid, properties of concentrated H₂SO₄ (dehydrating, oxidising, sulphonating agent), uses; Hydrogen Chloride — lab preparation (NaCl + conc. H₂SO₄), properties of HCl gas and hydrochloric acid, tests, uses.

Introduction to organic chemistry; Hydrocarbons — alkanes (methane, ethane), alkenes (ethene), alkynes (ethyne); Homologous series; IUPAC nomenclature; Substitution reactions (alkanes); Addition reactions (alkenes, alkynes); Structural isomerism; Ethanol — preparation by fermentation and hydration, properties, uses, denatured spirit; Ethanoic acid — preparation, properties, uses; Introduction to polymers — addition and condensation polymerisation.

Cell as the unit of life; Cell organelles — nucleus (chromatin, chromatid, centromere), mitochondria, chloroplast, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, ribosomes, vacuoles, lysosomes; Comparison of plant and animal cells; Cell cycle — G1, S, G2, M phases; Mitosis — stages (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase) and significance; Meiosis — significance as reduction division, role in genetic variation; Key differences between mitosis and meiosis.

Types — stomatal, lenticular, cuticular; Mechanism of stomatal opening and closing (guard cells, potassium ion movement); Factors affecting transpiration — light, temperature, humidity, wind, leaf area; Wilting and its causes; Potometer — principle and use; Significance of transpiration; Experiments to demonstrate transpiration.

Definition, equation, raw materials (CO₂, water) and energy (light); Site — chloroplast (chlorophyll); Overview of light-dependent and light-independent (Calvin cycle) reactions; Factors affecting rate — light intensity, CO₂ concentration, temperature, water; Experiments — starch test, variegated leaf, CO₂ requirement, light dependence; Carbon cycle; Significance of photosynthesis.

Plant growth regulators: Auxins (IAA) — role in phototropism, apical dominance; Gibberellins — role in stem elongation and seed germination; Cytokinins — role in cell division and delay of senescence; Abscisic acid (ABA) — role in dormancy, wilting, and seed dormancy; Ethylene — role in fruit ripening; Tropic movements — phototropism, geotropism, thigmotropism, hydrotropism; Nastic movements; Practical applications of plant hormones.

Human heart — chambers, valves, major blood vessels (aorta, pulmonary artery/vein, vena cava); Cardiac cycle; Blood composition — plasma, RBCs (haemoglobin, lifespan), WBCs (types and functions), platelets; ABO blood groups and Rh factor; Blood vessels — arteries, veins, capillaries (structure, function, differences); Double circulation (pulmonary and systemic circuits); Lymphatic system — lymph, lymph nodes, immunity, fat absorption; Blood pressure.

Excretory organs — kidneys, lungs, skin, liver; Kidney — external structure, internal sections (cortex, medulla, pelvis); Nephron — structure with labelled diagram; Urine formation — ultrafiltration (glomerular filtration), selective reabsorption, tubular secretion; Normal and abnormal urine constituents; Dialysis (haemodialysis); Role of liver (urea synthesis, bile pigments) and skin (sweat glands) in excretion; Excretion in plants.

Neuron — structure (cell body, axon, dendrites, myelin sheath, nodes of Ranvier, synaptic knobs); Types — sensory, motor, relay; Nerve impulse and synapse; CNS — brain (cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla oblongata), spinal cord; Peripheral nervous system; Autonomic nervous system (sympathetic, parasympathetic); Reflex action and reflex arc; Sense organs — eye (structure, function, defects: myopia and hypermetropia); ear (structure and function).

Endocrine glands and hormones: pituitary (GH, ADH, TSH, FSH, LH), thyroid (thyroxine), parathyroid (parathormone), adrenal (adrenaline, cortisol), pancreas (insulin and glucagon — blood sugar regulation), gonads (testosterone, oestrogen, progesterone); Feedback mechanism; Disorders — diabetes mellitus, goitre, dwarfism, gigantism.

Male reproductive system — testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, urethra; Spermatogenesis; Female reproductive system — ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina; Oogenesis; Menstrual cycle — phases, hormonal control; Fertilisation and implantation; Embryo development (blastocyst overview); Placenta — structure and functions; Parturition; Lactation; Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) — HIV/AIDS, prevention.

Mendel’s experiments with pea plants; Law of Dominance; Law of Segregation; Monohybrid cross using Punnett square; Dihybrid cross; Phenotype and genotype; Dominant and recessive alleles; Incomplete dominance; Sex determination in humans (XX/XY); Sex-linked (X-linked) traits — haemophilia, colour blindness; Hereditary diseases — haemophilia, sickle-cell anaemia, Down’s syndrome; Mutation — definition and types; Applications of genetics.

Origin of life — chemical evolution, Miller-Urey experiment (overview); Evidence of evolution — fossil record, comparative anatomy (homologous and analogous organs), embryology; Lamarck’s theory — use and disuse; Darwin’s theory — natural selection, survival of the fittest, variation; Role of mutations in evolution; Speciation; Human evolution (brief overview).

Bacterial diseases — tuberculosis, cholera; Viral diseases — dengue, influenza, HIV/AIDS; Protozoan diseases — malaria, amoebic dysentery; Vaccination and immunisation; Tobacco, alcohol, and drug abuse — physiological effects; Cancer — types, causes, treatment overview; Personal hygiene and community health.

Human population growth; Causes — decreased death rate, high birth rate, improved healthcare; Consequences — food shortage, unemployment, pollution, resource depletion; Family planning — barrier, hormonal, surgical methods; Environmental issues — deforestation (causes, effects, conservation); Air pollution — smog, acid rain, global warming, ozone depletion (CFCs); Water pollution — sewage, industrial effluents, eutrophication; Soil pollution — pesticides, plastic; Greenhouse effect; Biodiversity conservation; Sustainable development.