ICSE Class 10 Syllabus 2027: Subject-Wise Topics, Weightage and PDF Download

Directed Writing (Notice, Letter, Report, Article, Speech); Essay Writing (Descriptive, Narrative, Argumentative, Discursive); Short Composition (dialogue, summary, email).

Unseen prose passage; questions on content, inference, vocabulary in context; summary writing (identifying and presenting main points from the passage in your own words).

Sentence transformation; sentence combination; gap-filling (prepositions, conjunctions, articles); error correction; rearranging jumbled sentences; active and passive voice; direct and indirect speech; degrees of comparison.

Parliament of India; Lok Sabha — composition, qualifications for membership, term, Speaker, functions; Rajya Sabha — composition, election, term, Chairman, functions; Parliamentary Procedures — sessions, quorum, question hour, no-confidence motion, adjournment motion.

The President — election, qualifications, term, powers (executive, legislative, judicial, emergency); The Vice-President; The Prime Minister and Council of Ministers — appointment, powers, collective responsibility; The Attorney General of India.

The Supreme Court — composition, appointment of judges, jurisdiction (original, appellate, advisory, writ); High Courts — composition and jurisdiction; Subordinate Courts; Judicial review and independence of the judiciary.

First War of Independence (1857); Growth of Nationalism — formation of Congress, Moderates and Extremists; Partition of Bengal and Swadeshi Movement; Home Rule Movement; Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–22); Civil Disobedience Movement (1930–34); Quit India Movement (1942); Role of Subhash Chandra Bose and the INA; The Last Phase (1945–47) and Transfer of Power.

The First World War (1914–1918) — causes, major events, results; Rise of Fascism and Nazism in Europe; The Second World War (1939–45) — causes, events, consequences; The United Nations Organisation — formation, structure, objectives, principal organs, role; Non-Aligned Movement — origin and significance.

Types of soils — alluvial, black, red, laterite, mountain, desert soils; Factors affecting soil formation; Types of soil erosion and conservation methods; Importance of soil conservation for agriculture.

Types of natural vegetation — tropical evergreen forests, tropical deciduous forests, tropical thorn and scrub, mountain vegetation, mangrove forests; Distribution across India; Importance and conservation of forests.

Sources of water — rivers, lakes, groundwater; Multipurpose river valley projects (Bhakra Nangal, Damodar Valley, Hirakud); Rainwater harvesting; Water scarcity and conservation strategies.

Metallic minerals — iron ore, copper, bauxite, manganese; Non-metallic minerals — mica, limestone; Conventional energy — coal, petroleum, natural gas; Non-conventional energy — solar, wind, hydroelectric, biogas, tidal energy.

Types of farming — subsistence, commercial, mixed, plantation; Major food crops — rice, wheat, pulses, millets; Major cash crops — cotton, jute, sugarcane, tea, coffee; Green Revolution and its impact on Indian agriculture.

Classification of industries; Major industries — Cotton Textile (Mumbai–Ahmedabad belt), Iron and Steel (Jamshedpur, Bhilai, Rourkela), Petrochemicals, Software (Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Pune); Factors of industrial location; Industrial pollution and control measures.

Types of transport — road, rail, water, air, pipeline; Golden Quadrilateral and National Highways; Indian Railways — zones, importance; Major airports and seaports in India; Importance of transport in economic development.

GST (Goods and Services Tax) — concept, types (CGST, SGST, IGST), calculation with input tax credit; Banking — savings accounts, recurring deposits, fixed deposits, interest calculations; Shares and Dividends — face value, market value, rate of return, annual income from shares.

Linear Inequations in one variable; Quadratic Equations in one variable (factorisation and quadratic formula); Ratio and Proportion (proportion, componendo-dividendo rule); Factorisation of polynomials; Matrices — order, types, addition, subtraction, multiplication of 2×2 matrices; Arithmetic Progressions — nth term, sum of n terms; Geometric Progressions — nth term and sum; Co-ordinate Geometry — distance formula, section formula, mid-point formula, equation of a straight line, slope.

Similarity — similar triangles (AA, SAS, SSS), applications to maps and models, areas of similar triangles; Loci — concept of locus, standard loci results; Circles — arc and chord properties, angle subtended by a chord, cyclic quadrilateral properties; Tangent and Secant — tangent to a circle at a point, properties; Constructions — circumscribed and inscribed circles of triangles, tangents from an external point.

Surface area and volume of 3D solids — Cylinder (curved surface area, total surface area, volume); Cone (slant height, curved surface area, total surface area, volume); Sphere (surface area, volume); Hemisphere (curved and total surface area, volume); Combination of solids (e.g., cone mounted on a cylinder, hemisphere on a cylinder).

Trigonometric identities — proving and using standard identities; Heights and Distances — angle of elevation, angle of depression; Problems involving right-angled triangles using sin, cos, tan, cosec, sec, cot.

Graphical representation — Histogram, Frequency Polygon, Ogive (cumulative frequency curve); Measures of central tendency — Mean (direct, short-cut, step-deviation methods for grouped data), Median (from ogive), Mode (from histogram); Quartiles and inter-quartile range from ogive.

Classical definition of probability; Random experiments; Sample space; Events — simple, compound, complementary; Probability of an event; Problems on playing cards, dice, and coins; Probability scale (0 to 1).

Turning effect of forces — moment of a force, torque, principle of moments; Centre of gravity — location in regular bodies, stability (stable, unstable, neutral equilibrium); Uniform circular motion — centripetal force, examples (Earth’s orbit, car on a curved road).

Work done by a force; Kinetic energy and Potential energy — formulae and examples; Law of conservation of energy; Power — formulae and units; Simple machines — levers (classes I, II, III), pulley systems (single fixed, single movable, block and tackle); Mechanical Advantage (MA), Velocity Ratio (VR), Efficiency — relationships and calculations.

Refraction at a plane surface — laws of refraction, refractive index, Snell’s Law, apparent depth; Total internal reflection — critical angle, conditions, applications (optical fibre, prism periscope, sparkling of diamonds); Refraction through a lens — convex and concave lenses, lens formula, magnification, power of a lens; Human eye — structure, accommodation, defects (myopia, hypermetropia, presbyopia) and correction; Simple microscope and astronomical telescope (ray diagrams).

Electromagnetic spectrum — members, wavelength range, and uses; Dispersion of white light through a prism; Scattering of light — Rayleigh scattering; Why the sky is blue and sunsets are red; Colours of objects.

Properties of sound waves (longitudinal, transverse); Characteristics of sound — pitch, loudness, quality (timbre); Speed of sound in different media; Reflection of sound — echo, reverberation; Resonance; Free and forced vibrations; Applications of sound reflection (SONAR, acoustics of buildings).

Ohm’s Law; Resistance — factors affecting it, specific resistance (resistivity); Series and parallel circuits — equivalent resistance, current and voltage; EMF and internal resistance; Electrical power and energy — formulae and units; Domestic electric circuits — earthing, fuses, MCBs, safety precautions; Magnetic effect of current — Oersted’s experiment, field due to a straight conductor and a coil; Electromagnets; Force on a current-carrying conductor (Fleming’s Left-Hand Rule); DC Motor; Electromagnetic induction — Faraday’s Laws, Fleming’s Right-Hand Rule, AC Generator; Transformer (principle, step-up, step-down).

Calorimetry — heat capacity, specific heat capacity, principle of calorimetry (method of mixtures); Latent heat — specific latent heat of fusion and vaporisation; Numerical problems on heat gained and heat lost.

Radioactivity — alpha, beta, gamma radiations; Properties of nuclear radiations; Background radiation; Detectors of radiation (Geiger-Müller tube); Safe handling and uses of radioisotopes; Nuclear energy — fission chain reaction, fusion; Basic principle of a nuclear reactor.

Periodic properties — atomic size, metallic character, electron affinity, electronegativity, ionisation energy; Variation across periods and down groups; Significance of the Modern Periodic Table.

Electrovalent (ionic) bonds — electron transfer, formation of ions, properties of ionic compounds; Covalent bonds — electron sharing, single, double and triple bonds, properties; Co-ordinate (dative) bonds; Comparison of ionic and covalent compounds.

Properties of acids and bases (Arrhenius concept); pH scale; Neutralisation reactions; Types of salts — normal, acid, basic, double, complex; Methods of preparation of salts; Properties of salts.

Identification of cations: Na+, K+, Ca2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Al3+, NH4+, Pb2+; Identification of anions: Cl−, SO42−, CO32−, NO3−; Tests using specific reagents; Flame test colours; Colour of compounds.

Atomicity; Relative Atomic Mass and Molecular Mass; Mole — Avogadro’s number; Molar mass; Gay-Lussac’s Law of combining volumes; Molar volume at STP; Percentage composition; Empirical and molecular formulae; Stoichiometric calculations from balanced equations.

Electrolytes and non-electrolytes; Electrolytic dissociation; Electrolysis of dilute sulphuric acid; Electrolysis of acidified water; Electrolysis of brine (sodium chloride solution); Discharge of ions at electrodes; Applications — electroplating, electrorefining, extraction of aluminium.

Occurrence of metals; Activity series and extraction methods; Extraction of zinc (reduction) and iron (blast furnace); Alloys — composition and uses (brass, bronze, stainless steel); Corrosion — rusting of iron, prevention methods (galvanising, electroplating, painting).

Ammonia — laboratory preparation (ammonium chloride + calcium hydroxide), industrial preparation (Haber Process), physical and chemical properties, uses (fertilisers, refrigerants); Nitric Acid — laboratory preparation (copper + conc. HNO3), industrial preparation (Ostwald Process), dilute and concentrated acid properties, uses.

Industrial preparation (Contact Process — steps and conditions); Properties of dilute H2SO4 as an acid; Properties of concentrated H2SO4 as a dehydrating agent and as an oxidising agent; Reactions with metals and non-metals; Uses.

Introduction to organic compounds; Hydrocarbons — alkanes, alkenes, alkynes (IUPAC nomenclature, preparation, properties, substitution and addition reactions); Homologous series; Isomerism (structural); Functional groups; Ethanol — preparation (fermentation, hydration of ethylene), properties, uses; Ethanoic acid — preparation, properties, uses.

Cell as the basic unit of life; Cell organelles — nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplast, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body, ribosomes, vacuoles, lysosomes, centrosome; Cell division — Mitosis (phases and significance), Meiosis (overview and significance in reproduction and variation); Comparison of plant and animal cells.

Absorption and Ascent of Sap — osmosis, plasmolysis, root pressure, cohesion-tension theory; Transpiration — types (stomatal, lenticular, cuticular), significance, factors affecting, wilting; Photosynthesis — light and dark reactions, chloroplasts, factors affecting, significance; Respiration in plants — aerobic and anaerobic, Krebs cycle (overview); Growth regulators — auxins and gibberellins (role).

Circulatory System — structure of the human heart, cardiac cycle, blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries), blood composition (plasma, RBCs, WBCs, platelets), ABO blood groups, Rh factor, disorders (hypertension, coronary artery disease); Excretory System — structure of the kidney, nephron (diagram), process of urine formation (glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion), kidney disorders (kidney stones, dialysis).

Nervous System — neuron structure, central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), peripheral nervous system, autonomic nervous system, reflex arc, sense organs (structure of the eye and ear); Endocrine System — major glands (pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads), hormones and their functions, feedback mechanism, diabetes mellitus.

Male and female reproductive organs (labelled diagrams); Menstrual cycle; Fertilisation; Foetal development; Birth and parturition; Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and their prevention.

Mendel’s Laws — Law of Segregation, Law of Independent Assortment; Monohybrid and dihybrid crosses; Punnett square method; Phenotype, genotype, dominant, recessive alleles; Sex determination in humans (XX/XY); Hereditary diseases — haemophilia, colour blindness, sickle-cell anaemia, Down’s syndrome.

Theories of evolution — Lamarck’s theory (use and disuse), Darwin’s theory (natural selection, survival of the fittest, variations); Evidence for evolution — fossil record, comparative anatomy (homologous and analogous organs), embryology; Human evolution (brief overview).

Bacterial diseases — tuberculosis, cholera (causes, symptoms, prevention); Viral diseases — dengue, influenza, AIDS/HIV; Protozoan diseases — malaria, amoebic dysentery; Vaccination and immunisation; Tobacco, alcohol, and drug abuse — effects on health and society; Cancer — types, causes, treatment basics; AIDS — transmission and prevention.

Population growth — causes, demographic transition, consequences, control measures; Environmental issues — deforestation (causes and effects), pollution (air, water, soil, noise — sources and control); Ozone layer depletion — causes and effects; Global warming and greenhouse effect; Conservation of biodiversity; Sustainable development.