Interior of Earth Questions

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Very Short Answers Questions [1 Mark Questions]

Ques. The percentage of the mantle layer that contributes to the total volume of the earth is

1. 26%
2. 84%
3. 78%
4. 65%

Ans. The correct answer is b. 84%

Explanation: The mantle forms the middle layer of the interior of the earth. About 84 % of the total volume of the earth consists of the mantle layer.

Ques. The outermost solid part of the Earth is known as

1. Mantle
2. Crust
3. Core
4. None of the above

Ans. The correct answer is c. Crust

Explanation: The crust of the earth is mainly composed of silica and aluminum forms the uppermost layer of the interior of the earth.

Ques. The layer that constitutes the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle is called

1. Atmosphere
2. Hydrosphere
3. Exosphere
4. Lithosphere

Ans. The correct answer is d. Lithosphere

Explanation: The lithosphere is composed of the crust and a part of the upper mantle, which compose the rigid and hard outer layer of the Earth.

Ques. In which state is the core of the Earth exists?

1. Solid
2. Liquid
3. Gas
4. Both solid and liquid

Ans. The correct answer is d. Both solid and liquid

Explanation: The core is the innermost layer of the earth divided into two parts the inner and the outer core. The outer core is liquid while the inner core is solid.

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Short Answers Questions [2 Marks Questions]

Ques. How is the interior of the Earth classified?

Ans. The interior of the earth is majorly divided into three layers. 

• Crust
• Mantle
• Core

Ques. Define the term NIFE.

Ans. The core of the earth is called NIFE that consists of Nickel and Ferrous. NI stands for nickel and FE stands for ferrous. The average depth of NIFE is 3500 km and has a density of about 13 kg m^-3

Ques. What is the Asthenosphere?

Ans. Asthenosphere is a part of the upper mantle of the interior of the earth that lies below the lithosphere, at a depth between 80 km and 200 km below the surface. Asthenosphere is involved in plate tectonic movement and isostatic adjustments.

Ques. Where does information about the structure of the Earth's interior come mainly from?

Ans. Scientists get information about the structure of the interior of the earth by the study of the seismic waves which pass through the layers of the earth. These waves, reflect, refract and bend according to the material through which they are passing and thus we get information about the interiors of the earth.

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Long Answers Questions [3 Marks Questions]

Ques. What are the properties of the core of the Earth?

Ans. The following are the properties of the core of the earth

• It is divided into two sub-layers i.e. outer core and inner core.
• The outer core is liquid or semi-liquid, while the inner core is solid.
• The core of the earth is made up of Nickel and Iron.
• Sometimes the core of the earth is termed the Barysphere.

Ques. What are the properties of the mantle layer of the Earth?

Ans. The following are the properties of the mantle layer of the earth

• The thickness of the mantle layer is about 2900 km.
• The mantle layer of the earth contributes about 84% of the earth's volume.
• The mantle layer of the earth is made up of Silica and Magnesium.

Ques. Define the terms, SIAL and SIMA.

Ans. SIAL is the outermost layer of the earth that consists of silica and aluminum. SI stands for silica and AL stands for aluminium. The average depth of SIAL is 60 km and has an average density of 2.75 kg m^-3

SIMA is the layer below the SIAL that consists of silica and magnesium. SI stands for silica and MA stands for magnesium. The average depth of the SIMA layer is 2800 km and has a density of 4.75 km^-3

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Very Long Answers Questions [5 Marks Questions]

Ques. Name the direct sources of information about the interior of the earth.

Ans. The direct sources of information about the interior of the earth are

• Drilling: Drilling into the Earth is a way for scientists to probe the Earth's crust, sediments, and upper mantle.
• Mining: The process by which valuable mineral resources are extracted from the surface of the earth.
• Volcanic Eruptions: During volcanic eruptions, molten material is thrown onto the surface of the earth and is available for analysis.

Ques. What are the four characteristics of the interior structure of the earth?

Ans. The characteristics of the interior of the earth are

• There is a rise in temperature as we move towards the center of the earth.
• The estimated temperature at the center of the earth is about 3000 ^oC to 5000 ^oC.
• Due to the immense pressure present at the center of the earth, the materials are found to be in a solid state even after such high temperatures.
• The pressure will be increased as we move towards the center of the earth.
• In the deeper portion of the earth, the pressure is estimated to be around 3 to 4 million times the atmospheric pressure.

Ques. What are two types of crust and what are their properties?

Ans. The crust of the earth is divided into two parts

1. Continental crust
2. Ocean crust

The properties of continental crust are

• The depth of the continental crust is about 30 km to 50 km.
• It is mostly composed of different types of granites. 
• The rocks of the continental crust as “SIAL”. 
• The term SIAL stands for silicate (SI) and aluminum (AL), the most abundant minerals in the continental crust.

The properties of ocean crust are

• The depth of the ocean crust is about 5 km to 10 km.
• It is mostly composed of denser rocks like basalt and gabbro. 
• The rocks of the oceanic crust as “SIMA”.
• The term SIMA stands for silicate (SI) and magnesium (MA), the most abundant minerals in the oceanic crust.

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