Education Journalist | Study Abroad Lead
Heredity and Evolution are vital branches of biology that are linked to each other through inheritable traits. One of the fundamental pillars of modern biological theory is the theory of evolution, which investigates how such changes occur. Heredity refers to the biological processes by which certain traits are passed down from parents to their offspring. In a nutshell, heredity is the unaltered transmission of characteristics from a parent to its offspring. The modification of characteristics is referred to as evolution.
Q1: Although some dinosaurs had feathers, they were unable to fly, birds have feathers that aid in their flight. What does it mean in context to evolution?
[A]. Birds have evolved into reptiles.
[B]. Reptiles and birds have no evolutionary relationship.
[C]. Feathers in both organisms are homologous structures.
[D]. Birds are descendants of reptiles.
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Answer:- [D]. Birds are descendants of reptiles.
Explanation:- The use of feathers by birds for a flight indicates that birds evolved from reptiles in the context of evolution. Dinosaurs had feathers, but they couldn't fly. Birds later adapted the feathers to allow them to fly. Because dinosaurs were reptiles, it follows that birds descended from them.
Q2: In a human zygote, how many pairs(s) of sex chromosomes exist??
[A]. One
[B]. Two.
[C]. Three.
[D]. Four.
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Answer: [A]. One
Explanation: The number of sex chromosomes in a human zygote is one pair. Finding a perfect match is not always possible. It is ideal in females with two X-chromosomes. Males, on the other hand, have one X-chromosome and one Y-chromosome.
Q3: Which of the following statements is/are true?
[A]. The "Synthetic Theory of Evolution," which bases the origin of species on the interaction of "genetic variation" and "natural selection," is the most widely accepted theory of evolution.
[B] Animals' complex body organs, such as "eyes," have evolved in "stages" over many generations.
[C] When a farmer chooses to stop the flower development of a wild cabbage plant, it results in the production of another variety of cabbage known as "Broccoli."
[D] All the above
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Answer: [D] All the above
Explanation: In this case, all of the statements are correct. As a result, your answer will be [D].
Q4: New Species may form if:
[A] DNA Changes Significantly in Germ Cells and Chromosome Number Changes in Gametes.
[B] DNA undergoes significant changes in germ cells, but the genetic material remains unchanged.
[C] The gamete's chromosome number changes, but there is no change in the genetic material, and mating does not occur.
[D] DNA undergoes significant changes in germ cells, and the gamete's chromosome number changes, but the genetic material remains unchanged.
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Answer: [A] DNA Changes Significantly in Germ Cells and Chromosome Number Changes in Gametes.
Explanation: If the DNA changes are severe enough, such as a change in the number of chromosomes, new species may form. This results in new variations.
Q5: Badal appeared in class for a test, but he was puzzled as to which statement was incorrect. Would you be willing to assist him in understanding that?
[A] Organic evolution is a series of abrupt changes that occur in primitive organisms over the course of a hundred years, resulting in the emergence of new species.
[B]. Homologous organs are those that have the same basic structure but perform different functions.
[C]. Fossils are the remains for impressions of dead animals or plants that lived in the distant past.
[D]. Analogous organs are those that have a different basic structure for a different basic design but have a similar appearance and perform similar functions.
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Answer: [A] Organic evolution is a series of abrupt changes that occur in primitive organisms over the course of a hundred years, resulting in the emergence of new species.
Explanation: Evolution is a series of gradual changes that occur in primitive organisms over millions of years, resulting in the formation of new species. Because it is the evolution of living organisms, it is also known as "organic evolution." All of the plants, animals, and organisms we see around us today evolved from one or more ancestors who lived on this planet a long time ago.
Q6 In a Mendelian experiment, tall pea plants with violet flowers were bred with short pea plants with white flowers. The offspring all had violet flowers, but nearly half of them were short. This Suggested That The Tall Parent's Genetic Make-Up (Or Genotype) Could Be Depicted As:
[A]. TTWW
[B]. TTww
[C]. TtWW
[D]. TtWw
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Answer: [C]. TtWW
Explanation: The tall parent's genotype can be represented as TtWW. It's because T is the gene for tallness, and t is the gene for dwarfism; W is the gene for violet flowers, and w is the gene for white flowers. T and W are thus dominant genes, whereas t and w are recessive genes.
Q7 Choose a character from the list below that can be acquired but not inherited.
[A] The colour of one's eyes
[B] The colour of one's skin
[C] Body size
[D] Hair's natural state
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Answer: [C] Body size
Explanation: Acquired characteristics that evolved in response to their surroundings. The size of the body is an acquired trait because it can change depending on whether there is less or more food available. The other three characteristics inherited from the parents are the colour of the eyes and skin, as well as the type of hair.
Q8: Recently, on a science class test, you were asked whether the following statements are correct or not.
[A] During the process of sexual reproduction, the characteristics or traits of parents are passed down to their progeny (offspring) via genes present on their chromosomes.
[B]. The genes that dominate other genes are known as dominant genes, and the genes that are dominated are known as to receive genes.
[C]. The progeny inherits two genes for each trait from its parent, but the traits displayed by the progeny are determined by which of the two inherited genes is dominant.
[D]. All the above
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Answer: [D]. All the above
Explanation: In this case, all of the statements are correct. As a result, your answer will be [D].
Q9 According To Evolutionary Theory, The Origin Of A New Species Is Generally Caused By,
[A] Nature's sudden creation
[B] Variation accumulation over several generations
[C] Asexual reproduction produces clones.
[D]. Individuals moving from one habitat to another.
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Answer: [B] Variation accumulation over several generations
Explanation: New species are formed by the accumulation of variation over several generations. Genetic drift accumulates various changes in a species' subpopulations. Furthermore, natural selection may operate differently in different geographical locations. Different groups of new species will eventually form.
Q10: Choose the group with the greatest number of common characteristics.
[A] Two members of the same species.
[B] Two species of the same genus.
[C] A family's two genera.
[D] Two families and two genera.
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Answer: [A] Two members of the same species.
Explanation: Two individuals of the same species share the greatest number of common characteristics. A species is a group of organisms that have similar characteristics and can breed together to produce fertile offspring.
Q11: Choose the correct statement.
[A] A pea plant's tendril and Opuntia's phylloclade are homologous.
[B]. A pea plant's tendril and an Opuntia's phylloclade are similar.
[C]. Bird wings and lizard limbs are analogous.
[D]. Bird wings and bat wings are homologous.
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Answer: [D]. Bird wings and bat wings are homologous.
Explanation: Bird wings and bat wings are "homologous." They share some basic design elements, but their origins are different.
Q12: Which of the following statements is incorrect?
[A] Evolution occurs when the frequency of certain genes in a population changes over several generations.
[B]. Starvation causes an organism's weight to drop, which is genetically controlled.
[C]. It is possible for parents who are underweight to have children who are overweight.
[D]. Traits that are not passed down through generations do not cause evolution.
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Answer: [B]. Starvation causes an organism's weight to drop, which is genetically controlled.
Explanation: Weight loss caused by starvation will not alter the DNA of germ cells because obesity is not a genetically controlled or inherited trait. As a result, low-weight parents may have heavy-weight offspring. Traits that are not inherited, that is, acquired traits that simply change in non-reproductive tissues, cannot be passed on to germ cell DNA. The frequency of genes in a population changes over several generations, resulting in evolution.
Q13: In which of the following does the exchange of genetic material take place?
[A]. Vegetative reproduction.
[B]. Asexual reproduction.
[C]. Sexual reproduction.
[D]. Budding.
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Answer: [C]. Sexual reproduction.
Explanation: The exchange of genetic material occurs during sexual reproduction because the genes of both parents are involved. As a single parent is involved in asexual reproduction, there is no exchange of genetic material. Asexual reproduction includes budding and vegetative reproduction. As a result, no genetic material is exchanged
Q14:When two pink flowers crossed, one red, two pink, and one white flower progeny were produced. The Cross's Nature Will Be,
[A]. Double fertilization.
[B]. Self-pollination.
[C]. Cross-fertilization.
[D]. No fertilization.
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Answer: [C]. Cross-fertilization.
Explanation: The cross's nature will be cross-fertilization. Cross-fertilization occurs when a plant is fertilized with pollen from another plant of the same species. Double fertilization is a complex flowering plant fertilization mechanism. It is the result of the fusion of a male and female gamete. Self-pollination is a type of pollination that occurs in flowers that have stamens and carpels.
Q15: A Zygote that inherits an X-chromosome from its father will develop into a,
[A]. Boy
[B]. Girl
[C]. X- chromosome does not determine the sex of a child
[D]. Either boy or girl
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Answer: [B]. Girl
Explanation: A zygote with an inherited X-chromosome will develop into a girl. Every child, boy or girl, inherited an X-chromosome from their mother. As a result, their sex is determined by what they inherited from their father. A girl will inherit an X-chromosome from her father, while a boy will inherit a Y-chromosome from him.
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