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Oganesson (also known as Ununoctium) is part of a synthetic chemical compound and is symbolized as Og with an atomic number 118. Oganesson has the highest atomic mass of all known elements. Oganesson atom's nucleus is very unstable, and since 2005, only five (about six) atoms of isotope oganesson-294 atoms have been found.
Read More: Periodic Table
Key Terms: Oganesson, Ununoctium, Atomic Mass, Atomic Number, Half-life, Decay, Elements, Atomic Number, Isotopes
Oganesson Introduction and Naming
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Oganesson is part of a synthetic chemical compound Og with an atomic number 118. It was first compiled in 2002 at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, near Moscow, Russia, by a combined group of Russian and American scientists. In December 2015, it was recognized as one of four new activities by the Joint Working Party of international scientific organizations IUPAC and IUPAP. It was officially named on November 28, 2016.
Oganesson Element
The name honours Nuclear physicist Yuri Oganesian, who played a key role in the discovery of the most complex objects in the periodic table. It is one of only two named after a person who lived at the time of the invention, the other being the seaborgium and the only one whose name is prevalent today.
Some of the significant points regarding oganesson are listed in the table below:
| Properties of Oganesson | |
|---|---|
| Symbol | Og |
| Atomic number | 118 |
| Atomic mass | 294 |
Physical & Chemical Properties of Oganesson
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- Oganesson has the highest atomic mass and the highest atomic number of all known elements.
- The oganesson atom's nucleus is very unstable, and since 2005, only five (about six) atoms of isotope oganesson-294 atoms have been found.
- While this has allowed for a very limited evaluation of its properties and possible combinations, theoretical calculations have led to many speculations, including some surprising ones.
- For example, although oganesson is a member of group 18 (respectable gasses) - the gas was found to be reactive, unlike all the other elements of that group.
- Previously it was thought to behave as a gas under normal conditions and is now predicted to be stable due to relativistic effects. In the periodic table, it forms a part of the p-block and is the last element of the 7th period.
The significant properties of Oganesson are mentioned in the table below:
| Properties of Ogansesson | |
|---|---|
| Electronegativity | Unknown |
| Element classification | Non-Metal |
| Density | 4.9–5.1 g/cm3 ( Estimated) |
| Melting Point | Unknown |
| Boiling Point | 80±30 °C |
| Van Der Waals radius | Unknown |
| Ionic Radius | Unknown |
| Isotopes | Unknown |
| Electronic Shell | [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p6 |
| The energy of First Ionization | 839.4 kJ/mol |
| Predicted oxidation states | −1, 0, +1,+2,+4, +6 |
Read More: Noble Gases
Atomic mass, Half-Life, and Decay
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The atomic mass, half-life, and decay of different isotopes of Og are mentioned in the table below:
| Nuclide | Estimated Atomic mass and Uncertainty [u] | Half-life and Uncertainty | Year of Discovery | Decay modes, Intensities, and Uncertainties [%] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ² ³Og | 293.21 ± 0.000761 | 1 ms | 2010 | α ≈ ? |
| ² Og | 294.21 ± 0.000594 | 0.7 ms ± 0.3 | 2004 | α≈100%; |
| ² Og | 295.21 ± 0.000703 | 680 ms ± 540 | 2006 | α≈100% |
Applications of Oganesson
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- Currently, there are no applications other than those used for research purposes. Its biological use is still unknown.
- There is no estimated crustal or oceanic abundance of the metal.
- These types of elements are constantly adjusted automatically as they do not occur naturally on Earth's Crust. Since it will never exist on Earth, there is no need to worry about its health consequences.
Read More: Brown Ring Test
Things to Remember
- Oganesson (also known as Ununoctium) is part of a synthetic chemical compound and is symbolized as Og with an atomic number 118.
- Oganesson has the highest atomic mass and the highest atomic number of all known elements.
- The oganesson atom's nucleus is very unstable, and since 2005, only five (about six) atoms of isotope oganesson-294 atoms have been found.
- In the periodic table, it forms a part of the p-block and is the last element of the 7th period.
- Currently, there are no applications or applications other than those used for research purposes. Its biological use is still unknown.
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Sample Questions
Ques. What are the half-lives of different isotopes of Og? (2 Marks)
Ans. The estimated 3 isotopes of Og are Og-293, Og-294, and Og-295. The half-life along with the uncertainty of the 3 isotopes are mentioned below:
- Og-293: 1 ms
- Og-294: 0.7 ms ± 0.3
- Og-295: 680 ms ± 540
Ques. Element X has atomic number 118. Mention the following things regarding X.
(1)Name of the element
(2)The atomic mass of the element
(3)Number of isotopes
(4)The block to which it belongs. (2 Marks)
Ans. 1. Oganesson (Og) which is also known as Ununoctium is an element with atomic number 118.
- The atomic mass of Og is 294u.
- The oganesson atom's nucleus is very unstable, and since 2005, only five (about six) atoms of isotope oganesson-294 atoms have been found.
- Og belongs to the p-block of the periodic table.
Ques. What is the application of Og? Is Og hazardous? (2 Marks)
Ans. Currently, there are no applications or applications other than those used for research purposes. Its biological use is still unknown. There is no estimated crustal or oceanic abundance of the metal.
No, Og is not hazardous. These types of elements are constantly adjusted automatically as they do not occur naturally on Earth's Crust. Since it will never exist on Earth, there is no need to worry about its health consequences.
Ques. Mention the following physical and chemical properties of Og.
(1)Melting point
(2)Boiling point
(3)Density
(4)Electronic shell configuration
(5)The energy of the first ionization (2 Marks)
Ans. The physical and chemical properties of Og are as follows:
- Melting point- Unknown
- Boiling point- 80±30 °C
- 4.9–5.1 g/cm³ (Estimated)
- Electronic shell configuration- [Rn] 5f¹? 6d¹? 7s² 7p?
- The energy of first ionization- 839.4 kJ/mol
Ques. Describe the history and naming of the element Og. (2 Marks)
Ans. Og was first compiled in 2002 at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, near Moscow, Russia, by a combined group of Russian and American scientists.
- In December 2015, it was recognized as one of four new activities by the Joint Working Party of international scientific organizations IUPAC and IUPAP. It was officially named on November 28, 2016.
- The name honours Nuclear physicist Yuri Oganesian, who played a key role in the discovery of the most complex objects in the periodic table.
- It is one of only two named after a person who lived at the time of the invention, the other being the seaborgium and the only one whose name is prevalent today.
Ques. Is Og a noble gas? Justify your answer. (2 Marks)
Ans. No, Og is not a noble gas and is not unreactive. Although oganesson is a member of group 18 (respectable gasses) - the gas was found to be reactive, unlike all the other elements of that group. Previously it was thought to behave as a gas under normal conditions and is now predicted to be stable due to relativistic effects. In the periodic table, it forms a part of the p-block and is the last element of the 7th period.
Ques. What is the electronic configuration of Og? Represent it with suitable diagrams. (2 Marks)
Ans. The electronic configuration of Og is [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p6
The filling of the shells is done as shown in the figure.
Ques. Mention any 5 physical properties of Oganesson. (2 Marks)
Ans. The physical properties of Og are mentioned in the table below:
| Element classification | Non-Metal |
|---|---|
| Density | 4.9–5.1 g/cm3 ( Estimated) |
| Melting Point | Unknown |
| Boiling Point | 80±30 °C |
| Ionic Radius | Unknown |
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