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Electromagnetism is the study of the electromagnetic force that exists between electrically charged particles.
- The electromagnetic force is one of the four fundamental forces, and it exhibits itself in electromagnetic fields such as magnetic fields, electric fields, and light.
- It is the fundamental reason electrons are bonded to the nucleus and are responsible for the nucleus's entire structure.
- People and scientists used to believe that electricity and magnetism were two separate issues before the discovery of electromagnetism.
- After James Clerk Maxwell released A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism in 1873, people's perspectives changed.
- According to the article, the interaction of positive and negative charges is mediated by a single force.
- This discovery created the groundwork for electromagnetism. Later, several scientists, like Michael Faraday, Oliver Heaviside, and Heinrich Hertz, contributed to electromagnetic with their concepts.
Very Short Answers Questions [1 Mark Questions]
Ques. Which of the following is a vector quantity?
- Flux density
- Relative permeability
- Magnetic field intensity
- Magnetic potential
Ans. The correct answer is c. Magnetic field intensity
Explanation: Magnetic field strength, also known as magnetic intensity or magnetic field intensity, is the portion of a material's magnetic field that is caused by an external current and is not intrinsic to the material itself. It is denoted by the vector H and is measured in amperes per meter.
Ques. The magnetism of a permanent magnet can be destroyed by
- Hammering
- Heating
- Rough handling
- All of the above
Ans. The correct answer is d. All of the above
Explanation: Hammering, heating, and rough handling can all decrease a permanent magnet's magnetic characteristics.
Ques. When an iron piece is placed in a magnetic field
- The magnetic lines of force will bend away from their usual paths in order to pass through the piece.
- The magnetic lines of force will bend away from their usual paths in order to go away from the piece.
- The iron piece will break
- The magnetic field will not be affected
Ans. The correct answer is a. The magnetic lines of force will bend away from their usual paths in order to pass through the piece.
Explanation: Magnetic flux can easily travel through iron since it is a ferromagnetic substance. When an iron piece is put in a magnetic field, the magnetic lines of force bend away from their normal paths to pass through the piece.
Ques. How are electromagnetic waves propagated?
Ans. Electromagnetic waves are propagated in the direction perpendicular to oscillating electric and magnetic waves.
Ques. State Faraday’s Law?
Ans. According to Faraday's Law, whenever there is relative motion between the magnetic field and the conductor, the flux linkage changes, and this flux change induces a potential difference across the coil.
Short Answers Questions [2 Marks Questions]
Ques. Define electromagnetic induction.
Ans. The production of an electromotive force across an electrical conductor in a changing magnetic field is known as electromagnetic induction. It was discovered in 1831 by Michael Faraday, and James Clerk Maxwell mathematically characterized it as Faraday's law of induction.
Ques. What is an electromagnetic field?
Ans. An electromagnetic field is a physical phenomenon created by charged particles and magnetic particles. There is no magnetic moment or electric charge in the physical field. It does, however, have movement and energy. It has the ability to transfer momentum and energy to charged particles and particles with a magnetic moment.
Ques. What is meant by intrinsic magnetic moment?
Ans. Despite the lack of evidence for the magnetic charge, certain fundamental particles have an inert magnetic characteristic known as intrinsic magnetic moment. Particles containing a magnetic moment, such as an electron, can be thought of as a very small bar magnet. A permanent magnet is made up of particles that have organized magnetic moments.
Ques. Explain the electromagnetic forces.
Ans. Electromagnetic forces are used to describe electromagnetic phenomena. It is also known as the Lorentz force. It considers magnetism and electricity to be different forms of the same entity. Electromagnetic force has a significant impact on the interior properties of most natural bodies.
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Long Answers Questions [3 Marks Questions]
Ques. Explain the nature of electric charges and magnetic poles.
Ans. Electric charges repel or attract one another with a force equal to the square of their distance (similar charges repel and unlike charges attract).
Magnetic poles repel or attract one other in the same manner as negative and positive charges do. They are always found in pairs. Every time the north pole is attached to a south pole.
Electric current flowing through a wire creates a concentric magnetic field around it. Its path is determined by the direction of the current in the wire.
Ques. What are the main consequences of Maxwell’s equations?
Ans. The main consequences of Maxwell’s equations are
- An electric field is produced by an electrically energized particle. This is how basic electric circuits, spark plugs, capacitors, and other devices function. This principle is called Gauss’s Law. There is no such thing as a magnetically charged particle. As a result, several theoretically possible magnetic field genres do not exist in reality. The concept is called Gauss’s Law for magnetism.
- An electric field is created when a magnetic field changes. This is the operating principle of transformers, microphones, electric generators, and other devices. This law is called Faraday’s Law of Induction.
- A magnetic field is produced when an electric charge is in motion. This principle is called Ampère’s Law. A magnetic field develops when an electric field changes. When both laws are combined, it is called the Ampere-Maxwell Law.
Ques. Which are the main mathematical representations of magnetic fields?
Ans. The magnetic field may be represented mathematically in a variety of ways.
- Especially, Maxwell's equations illustrate how magnetic and electric fields interact with one another.
- Initially, magnetism and electricity were thought to be different things.
- The introduction of Maxwell's equations and postulates changed this structure of thought.
- He demonstrated that the interactions of negative and positive charges are mediated by a single force.
Very Long Answers Questions [5 Marks Questions]
Ques. What are the differences between an electric field and a magnetic field?
Ans. The differences between an electric field and a magnetic field are
| Electric Field | Magnetic Field |
|---|---|
| An electric field is the region space around a charged particle within which its influence can be felt by other charged particles. | It is the region or space around a magnet within which its influence can be felt by other small magnets. |
| Its SI unit is Newton/coulomb or Volt/meter. | Its SI unit is a Tesla |
| It is measured by using a device known as an Electrometer. | It is measured by a device known as a Magnetometer. |
| It is always perpendicular to the magnetic field. | It is always perpendicular to the electric field. |
| Electric field lines start from a positive charge and terminate on a negative charge. | Magnetic field lines start from the North Pole and end on the South Pole. |
Ques. What are the applications of electromagnetism?
Ans. The following are the applications of electromagnetism
- Many home appliances in domestic applications depend on electromagnetism as a key operating mechanism.
- Maglev trains, often known as high-speed trains, operate on the electromagnetic principle.
- In a communication system, electromagnetic radiation is utilized to transport data from the source to the receiver.
- Electromagnetism is used at some stage in the manufacturing process in sectors ranging from small devices to huge power equipment.
Ques. What are the examples of electromagnetism?
Ans. Some examples of electromagnetism are
- Permanent magnetic speakers: Permanent magnetic speakers, which are commonly seen in televisions and radios, are examples of electromagnetic devices. The speakers are designed to convert electrical waves into audible sounds. A permanent magnet is linked to a metal coil, which generates a magnetic field when electricity flows through it. The freshly produced magnetic field repels the permanent magnetic field, causing vibrations. The cone-like structure that makes sound amplifies the vibrations. This is how electromagnetism-powered speakers work.
- Electric Motors: Electric fans, blowers, and other cooling devices all need motors. The electromagnetic induction principle, a part of electromagnetism, is used to power these motors. The magnetic field created by the electric current propels the electric motor in any electrical device, according to the Lorenz force principle. Depending on the application, the size, rating, and cost of these motors vary.
- Medical System: Electromagnetic fields are used in a wide range of modern medical technology, including cancer hyperthermia therapy, implants, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RF spectrum frequencies are commonly used in medical applications. Advanced technology that employs electromagnetic to scan minute parts of the human body is employed in MRI scans.
- Electric Bell: An electric bell is based on the principle of electromagnets. When the circuit is completed and the button is pressed, the electric doorbell creates a sound. When an electromagnet is subjected to electrical influences, it functions similarly to a typical magnet (creating magnetic fields). When the electricity to an electromagnet is turned off, so is the magnetic field. An electromagnet, like the Armature, Spring, Armature rod, Hammer, and Gong, is a necessary component of an electric bell.
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