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Mathematical symbols can be used to express connections between quantities because they are flexible representations of theories, ideas, and numbers.
- They function as a universal mathematical language that are applicable to various equations.
- A figure or a group of figures used to represent a mathematical item and its relationship with other items, or to organize other symbols that appear in a formula are known as mathematical symbols.
- Values like pi or Euler's constant are denoted using symbols.
They serve as a uniform standard and facilitate calculations that frequently call for the usage of these numbers.
Read Also: Indian – Numeral System
Key Terms: Roman Numerals, Math Symbols, Euler’s Constant, Tautology, Geometry, Linear Algebra, Calculus
Numeral Symbols
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Given below are the Hindu-Arabic and Roman numerals for numbers:
| Name | Hindu-Arabic numeral | Roman numeral |
|---|---|---|
| zero | 0 | |
| one | 1 | I |
| two | 2 | II |
| three | 3 | III |
| four | 4 | IV |
| five | 5 | V |
| six | 6 | VI |
| seven | 7 | VII |
| eight | 8 | VIII |
| nine | 9 | IX |
| ten | 10 | X |
| eleven | 11 | XI |
| twelve | 12 | XII |
| thirteen | 13 | XIII |
| fourteen | 14 | XIV |
| fifteen | 15 | XV |
| sixteen | 16 | XVI |
| seventeen | 17 | XVII |
| eighteen | 18 | XVIII |
| nineteen | 19 | XIX |
| twenty | 20 | XX |
| thirty | 30 | XXX |
| forty | 40 | XL |
| fifty | 50 | L |
| sixty | 60 | LX |
| seventy | 70 | LXX |
| eighty | 80 | LXXX |
| ninety | 90 | XC |
| one hundred | 100 | C |
Read More:
Basic Math Symbols
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Given below is a list of the most commonly used mathematical symbols along with their usage in a mathematical equation:
| Symbol | Symbol Name | Meaning / definition | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| = | equals sign | equality | 10=7+3 10 is equal to 7+3 |
| ≠ | not equal sign | inequality | 10 ≠ 01 10 is not equal to 01 |
| ≈ | approximately equal | approximation | cos(0.01) ≈ 1, a ≈ b means a is approximately equal to b |
| > | strict inequality | greater than | 10 > 5 10 is greater than 5 |
| < | strict inequality | less than | 5 < 7 5 is less than 7 |
| ≥ | inequality | greater than or equal to | 6 ≥ 4, a ≥ b means a is greater than or equal to b |
| ≤ | inequality | less than or equal to | 1 ≤ 5, a ≤ b means a is less than or equal to b |
| ( ) | parentheses | calculate expression inside first | 4 × (9+1)=40 |
| [ ] | brackets | calculate expression inside first | [(2+2)×(3+3)]=24 |
| + | plus sign | addition | 3+2=5 |
| − | minus sign | subtraction | 8 − 5=3 |
| ± | plus-minus | both plus and minus operations | 4 ± 8=12 or -4 |
| ± | minus-plus | both minus and plus operations | 4 ∓ 8 = -4 or 12 |
| * | asterisk | multiplication | 2*5=10 |
| × | times sign | multiplication | 2 × 5=10 |
| ⋅ | multiplication dot | multiplication | 2 ⋅ 5=10 |
| ÷ | division sign / obelus | division | 10 ÷ 5=2 |
| / | division slash | division | 9 / 3=3 |
| — | horizontal line | division / fraction | \(\frac{6}{2}\) = 3 |
| mod | modulo | remainder calculation | 9 mod 2=1 |
| . | period | decimal point, decimal separator | 4.71=4+71/100 |
| ab | power | exponent | 43=64 |
| a^b | caret | exponent | 4^3=64 |
| √a | square root | √a ⋅ √a =a | √4=±2 |
| 3√a | cube root | 3√a ⋅ 3√a ⋅ 3√a =a | 3√27=3 |
| 4√a | fourth root | 4√a ⋅ 4√a ⋅ 4√a ⋅ 4√a =a | 4√64=±4 |
| n√a | n-th root (radical) | for n=3, n√27=3 | |
| % | percent | 1%=1/100 | 10% × 65=6.5 |
Also Check: Rolle’s Theorem
Logic symbols
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Given below are some logic symbols that are used in tautology:
| Symbol | Symbol Name | Meaning / definition | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| + | plus | or | x + y |
| ^ | caret / circumflex | and | x ^ y |
| & | ampersand | and | x & y |
| · | and | and | x · y |
| ∨ | reversed caret | or | x ∨ y |
| | | vertical line | or | x | y |
| X̄ | bar | not – negation | x̄ |
| x’ | single-quote | not – negation | x’ |
| ! | Exclamation mark | not – negation | ! x |
| ⊕ | circled plus / oplus | exclusive or – xor | x ⊕ y |
| ¬ | not | not – negation | ¬ x |
| ~ | tilde | negation | ~ x |
| ∈ | Belong to/is an element of | Set membership | A = {2, 4, 6} 2 ∈ A |
| ∉ | Not element of | Negation of set membership | A={2, 4, 6} 0 ∉ A |
| ⇔ | equivalent | if and only if (iff) | p: this is a multiple of 2 q: this is an even number p ⇔ q |
| ⇒ | implies | Implication | p: a number is a multiple of 6 q: the number is even p ⇒ q |
| ↔ | equivalent | if and only if (iff) | p: this is a multiple of 2 Q: this is an even number p ↔ q |
| ∀ | for all | Universal Quantifier | 2n is even ∀ n ∈ N where N is a set of Natural Numbers |
| ∄ | there does not exist | Negation of existential quantifier | b is not divisible by a, then ∄ n ∈ N such that b = na |
| ∃ | there exists | Existential quantifier | b is divisible by a, then ∃ n ∈ N such that b = na |
| ∵ | because / since | Because shorthand | a = b, b = c ⇒ a = c (∵ a = b) |
| ∴ | therefore | Therefore shorthand (Logical consequence) | x + 4 = 7 ∴ x = 3 |
Combinatorics symbol
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Given below is the list of symbols that are used in Permutations and Combinations:
| Symbol | Symbol Name | Meaning / definition | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| n! | factorial | n! = 1⋅2⋅3⋅...⋅n | 3! = 1⋅2⋅3 = 6 |
| nPk | permutation | nPk = \(\frac{n!}{(n-k)!}\) | 4P2 = 4! / (4-2)! = 3⋅4 = 12 |
| nCk or \(\binom{n}{k}\) | combination | \(^nC_k \binom{n}{k}= \frac{n!}{k!(n-k)!}\) | 6C4 = 6!/[4!(6-4)!] = 5⋅6/1⋅2 = 15 |
Greek symbols
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Given below are some Greek symbols, that can be used as variables in algebra:
| Upper Case Letter | Lower Case Letter | Greek Letter Name | English Equivalent |
|---|---|---|---|
| Α | α | Alpha | a |
| Β | β | Beta | b |
| Γ | γ | Gamma | g |
| Δ | δ | Delta | d |
| Ε | ε | Epsilon | e |
| Ζ | ζ | Zeta | z |
| Η | η | Eta | h |
| Θ | θ | Theta | th |
| Ι | ι | Iota | i |
| Κ | κ | Kappa | k |
| Λ | λ | Lambda | l |
| Μ | μ | Mu | m |
| Ν | ν | Nu | n |
| Ξ | ξ | Xi | x |
| Ο | ο | Omicron | o |
| Π | π | Pi | p |
| Ρ | ρ | Rho | r |
| Σ | σ | Sigma | s |
| Τ | τ | Tau | t |
| Υ | υ | Upsilon | u |
| Φ | φ | Phi | ph |
| Χ | χ | Chi | ch |
| Ψ | ψ | Psi | ps |
| Ω | ω | Omega | o |
Geometry symbols
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Given below are some symbols used in geometry:
| Symbol | Symbol Name | Meaning / definition | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| ∠ | angle | formed by two rays | ∠ABC = 45° |
| \(\measuredangle\) | measured angle | \(\measuredangle\)ABC = 45° | |
| \(\sphericalangle\) | spherical angle | \(\sphericalangle\)AOB = 45° | |
| ∟ | right angle | = 90° | α = 90° |
| ° | degree | 1 turn = 360° | α = 75° |
| deg | degree | 1 turn = 360 deg | α = 75deg |
| ′ | prime | arcminute, 1° = 60′ | α = 60°59′ |
| ″ | double prime | arcsecond, 1′ = 60″ | α = 60°59′59″ |
| \(\overrightarrow{AB}\) | ray | line that start from point A | |
| ↔ AB | line | infinite line | |
| AB | line segment | line from point A to point B | |
|
| arc | arc from point A to point B |  = 90° |
| ∥ | parallel | parallel lines | AB ∥ CD |
| ⊥ | perpendicular | perpendicular lines (90° angle) | AC ⊥ BC |
| Δ | triangle | triangle shape | ΔABC≅ ΔXYZ |
| ~ | similarity | same shapes, not same size | ∆ABC~ ∆XYZ |
| ≅ | congruent to | equivalence of geometric shapes and size | ∆ABC≅ ∆XYZ |
| |x-y| | distance | distance between points x and y | | x-y | = 7 |
| π | pi constant | π = 3.141592654... is the ratio between the circumference and diameter of a circle | c = 2⋅π⋅r |
| rad | radians | radians angle unit | 2π rad = 360° |
| c | radians | radians angle unit | 2π c =360° |
| grad | gradians / gons | grads angle unit | 400 grad=360° |
| g | gradians / gons | grads angle unit | 400 g= 360° |
Probability and statistics symbols
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Given below is the list of symbols used in probability and statistics:
| Symbol | Symbol Name | Meaning / definition | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| P(A) | probability function | probability of event A | P(A) = 0.1 |
| P(A ⋃ B) | probability of events union | probability that of events A or B | P(A⋃B) = 0.2 |
| P(A ⋂ B) | probability of events intersection | probability that of events A and B | P(A⋂B) = 0.8 |
| P(A | B) | conditional probability function | probability of event A given event B occured | P(A | B) = 0.1 |
| F(x) | cumulative distribution function (cdf) | F(x) = P(X≤ x) | \(F_X(x) = P(X \leq x), \textrm{ for all }x \in \mathbb{R}. \) |
| f (x) | probability density function (pdf) | P(a ≤ x ≤ b) = ∫ f (x) dx | \(\begin{array}{l}f(x)= \left\{\begin{matrix}x; \ 0< x< 1 \\ 2-x;\ 1< x< 2 \\ 0;\ x> 2 \end{matrix}\right.\end{array}\) |
| E(X | Y) | conditional expectation | expected value of random variable X given Y | E(X | Y=2) = 2 |
| μ | population mean | mean of population values | μ = 2 |
| E(X) | expectation value | expected value of random variable X | E(X) = 4 |
| var(X) | variance | variance of random variable X | var(X) = 3 |
| σ2 | variance | variance of population values | σ2 = 1 |
| std(X) | standard deviation | standard deviation of random variable X | std(X) = 6 |
| σX | standard deviation | standard deviation value of random variable X | σX = 3 |
| \(\tilde{x}\) | median | middle value of random variable x | \(\tilde{x}\) = 5 |
| cov(X,Y) | covariance | covariance of random variables X and Y | cov(X,Y) = 9 |
| corr(X,Y) | correlation | correlation of random variables X and Y | corr(X,Y) = 0.7 |
| ρX,Y | correlation | correlation of random variables X and Y | ρX,Y = 0.7 |
| ∑ | summation | summation - sum of all values in range of series | \(\sum^4_{i = 1} x_i\)= x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 |
| ∑∑ | double summation | double summation | \(\sum_{j=1}^2 \sum^8_{i=1} x_{i,j} = \sum^8_{i=1} x_{i,1} + \sum^8_{i=1} x_{i,2}\) |
| MR | mid-range | MR = (xmax+xmin)/2 | Range = Highest value – Lowest value = 21 – 2 = 19 |
| Md | sample median | half the population is below this value | 1, 2, 4, 7, 9 = 4 is Sample Median |
| Mo | mode | value that occurs most frequently in the population | Mode of {4 , 2, 4, 2, 4, 1, 3, 2, 2} is 2 |
| Q1 | lower / first quartile | 25% of the population is below this value | Lower Quartile (Q1) = (N+1) * 1 / 4 |
| Q2 | median / second quartile | 50% of the population is below this value = median of samples | Middle Quartile (Q2) = (N+1) * 2 / 4 |
| Q3 | upper / third quartile | 75% of the population is below this value | Upper Quartile (Q3 )= (N+1) * 3 / 4 |
| x | sample mean | average / arithmetic mean | x = (1+2+3) / 3 = 2 |
| s 2 | sample variance | population samples variance estimator | s 2 = 5 |
| s | sample standard deviation | population samples standard deviation estimator | s = 3 |
| zx | standard score | zx = (x – x) / sx | z = \(\frac{X - \mu}{\sigma}\) |
| X ~ | distribution of X | distribution of random variable X | X ~ N(0,6) |
| N(μ,σ2) | normal distribution | gaussian distribution | X ~ N(0,5) |
| U(a,b) | uniform distribution | equal probability in range a,b | X ~ U(0,4) |
| exp(λ) | exponential distribution | f (x) = λe-λx , x≥0 | \(\begin{array}{l}f_{X}(x|\lambda )= \left\{\begin{matrix} \lambda e^{-\lambda x} & for\ x> 0\\ 0 & for\ x \leq 0 \end{matrix}\right.\end{array}\) |
| gamma(c, λ) | gamma distribution | f (x) = λ c xc-1e-λx / Γ(c), x≥0 | In case you calculate the time between accidents in days and the scale parameter is equivalent to 4, then there are four days between accidents on average. |
| Bin(n,p) | binomial distribution | f (k) = nCk pk(1-p)n-k | Using Yes or No to determine a trial. |
| Poisson(λ) | Poisson distribution | f (k) = λke-λ / k! | In the case of Poisson distribution, the mean is denoted as E(X) = λ. |
| Geom(p) | Geometric distribution | f (k) = p(1-p) k | A phenomenon which has two trials. |
| Bern(p) | Bernoulli distribution | binomial distribution is Bernoulli distribution | Determining the quantity of raw and used materials when creating a product. |
| χ 2(k) | chi-square distribution | f (x) = xk/2-1e-x/2 / ( 2k/2 Γ(k/2) ) | Χ2k = (Z1)2 + (Z2)2 + … + (Zk)2 |
| F (k1, k2) | F distribution | F distribution is a univariate continuous distribution usually used in hypothesis testing. | \({\displaystyle X={\frac {S_{1}/d_{1}}{S_{2}/d_{2}}}}\) |
| HG(N,K,n) | hyper-geometric distribution | distribution function wherein selections are made from the two groups without substituting the group members. |  |
Linear Algebra Symbols
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Given below are some symbols used in linear algebra:
| Symbol | Symbol Name | Meaning / definition | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| · | dot | scalar product | a · b |
| × | cross | vector product | a × b |
| A⊗B | tensor product | tensor product of A and B | A ⊗ B |
| \(\langle\)x,y\(\rangle\) | inner product | generalization of dot product | \(\langle\)x,y\(\rangle\) |
| ( ) | parentheses | matrix of numbers | (a, b) |
| [ ] | brackets | matrix of numbers | [a, b] |
| det(A) | determinant | determinant of matrix A | \(\begin{array}{l}\begin{bmatrix} 3 & -1\cr 4 & 3 \end{bmatrix}\end{array}\) |
| | A | | determinant | determinant of matrix A | |
| || x || | double vertical bars | norm | |
| AT | transpose | matrix transpose | (AT)ij=(A)ji |
| A -1 | inverse matrix | A A-1=I | |
| A† | Hermitian matrix | matrix conjugate transpose | (A†)ij=(A)ji |
| A* | Hermitian matrix | matrix conjugate transpose | (A*)ij=(A)ji |
| rank(A) | matrix rank | rank of matrix A | rank(A)=4 |
| dim(U) | dimension | dimension of matrix A | dim(U)=6 |
Algebra symbols
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Here are some symbols used in algebra:
| Symbol | Symbol Name | Meaning / definition |
|---|---|---|
| x | x variable | unknown value to find |
| ≡ | equivalence | identical to |
| ≜ | equal by definition | equal by definition |
| := | equal by definition | equal by definition |
| ~ | approximately equal | weak approximation |
| ∝ | proportional to | proportional to |
| ∞ | lemniscate | infinity symbol |
| ≪ | much less than | much less than |
| ≫ | much greater than | much greater than |
| ( ) | parentheses | calculate expression inside first |
| { } | braces | Set, calculate expression inside first |
| [ ] | brackets | calculate expression inside first |
| ⌈x⌉ | ceiling brackets | rounds number to upper integer |
| ⌊x⌋ | floor brackets | rounds number to lower integer |
| x! | exclamation mark | factorial |
| | x | | vertical bars | absolute value |
| f (x) | function of x | maps values of x to f(x) |
| (f ∘ g) | function composition | (f ∘ g) (x) = f (g(x)) |
| (a,b) | open interval | (a,b) = {x | a < x < b} |
| [a,b] | closed interval | [a,b] = {x | a ≤ x ≤ b} |
| ∆ | delta | change / difference |
| ∆ | discriminant | Δ = b2 - 4ac |
| ∑ | sigma | summation - sum of all values in range of series |
| ∑∑ | sigma | double summation |
| ∏ | capital pi | product - product of all values in range of series |
| e | e constant / Euler's number | e = 2.718281828... |
| γ | Euler-Mascheroni constant | γ = 0.5772156649... |
| φ | golden ratio | golden ratio constant |
Set theory symbols
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Here is the list of symbols used in set theory and its applications:
| Symbol | Symbol Name | Meaning / definition |
|---|---|---|
| { } | set | a collection of elements |
| A ∩ B | intersection | objects that belong to set A and set B |
| A ∪ B | union | objects that belong to set A or set B |
| A ⊆ B | subset | A is a subset of B. set A is included in set B. |
| A ⊂ B | proper subset / strict subset | A is a subset of B, but A is not equal to B. |
| A ⊄ B | not subset | set A is not a subset of set B |
| A ⊇ B | superset | A is a superset of B. set A includes set B |
| A ⊃ B | proper superset / strict superset | A is a superset of B, but B is not equal to A. |
| A ⊅ B | not superset | set A is not a superset of set B |
| 2A | power set | all subsets of A |
| P (A) | power set | all subsets of A |
| A = B | equality | both sets have the same members |
| Ac | complement | all the objects that do not belong to set A |
| A \ B | relative complement | objects that belong to A and not to B |
| A - B | relative complement | objects that belong to A and not to B |
| A ∆ B | symmetric difference | objects that belong to A or B but not to their intersection |
| A ⊖ B | symmetric difference | objects that belong to A or B but not to their intersection |
| a∈A | element of, belongs to | set membership |
| x∉A | not element of | no set membership |
| (a,b) | ordered pair | collection of 2 elements |
| A×B | cartesian product | set of all ordered pairs from A and B |
| |A| | cardinality | the number of elements of set A |
| #A | cardinality | the number of elements of set A |
| | | vertical bar | such that |
| \(\aleph _0\) | aleph-null | infinite cardinality of natural numbers set |
| \(\aleph _1\) | aleph-one | cardinality of countable ordinal numbers set |
| Ø | empty set | Ø = { } |
| \(\mathbb{U}\) | universal set | set of all possible values |
| \(\mathbb{N}\)0 | natural numbers / whole numbers set (with zero) | \(\mathbb{N}\)0 = {0,1,2,3,4,...} |
| \(\mathbb{N}\)1 | natural numbers / whole numbers set (without zero) | \(\mathbb{N}\)1 = {1,2,3,4,5,...} |
| \(\mathbb{Z}\) | integer numbers set | \(\mathbb{Z}\)= {...-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,...} |
| \(\mathbb{Q}\) | rational numbers set | \(\mathbb{Q}\)= {x | x=a/b, a,b∈\(\mathbb{Z}\)} |
| \(\mathbb{R}\) | real numbers set | \(\mathbb{R}\)= {x | -∞ < x <∞} |
| \(\mathbb{C}\) | complex numbers set | \(\mathbb{C}\)= {z | z=a+bi, -∞<a<∞, -∞<b<∞} |
Calculus & analysis symbols
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Here is the list of symbols used in calculus:
| Symbol | Symbol Name | Meaning / definition |
|---|---|---|
| lim x→x0 f(x) | limit | limit value of a function |
| ε | epsilon | represents a very small number, near zero |
| e | e constant / Euler's number | e = 2.718281828... |
| y ' | derivative | derivative - Lagrange's notation |
| y '' | Second derivative | derivative of derivative |
| y(n) | nth derivative | n times derivation |
| \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) | derivative | derivative - Leibniz's notation |
| \(\frac{d^2y}{dx^2}\) | second derivative | derivative of derivative |
| \(\frac{d^ny}{dx^n}\) | nth derivative | n times derivation |
| \(\dot{y}\) | time derivative | derivative by time - Newton's notation |
| \(\ddot{y}\) | time second derivative | derivative of derivative |
| Dx y | derivative | derivative - Euler's notation |
| Dx2y | second derivative | derivative of derivative |
| \(\frac{\partial f(x,y)}{\partial x}\) | partial derivative | derivative with respect to one of the variables. |
| ∫ | integral | opposite to derivation |
| ∫∫ | double integral | integration of function of 2 variables |
| ∫∫∫ | triple integral | integration of function of 3 variables |
| ∮ | closed contour / line integral | |
| ∯ | closed surface integral | |
| ∰ | closed volume integral | |
| [a,b] | closed interval | [a,b] = {x | a ≤ x ≤ b} |
| (a,b) | open interval | (a,b) = {x | a < x < b} |
| i | imaginary unit | i ≡ √-1 |
| z* | complex conjugate | z = a+bi → z*=a-bi |
| z | complex conjugate | z = a+bi → z = a-bi |
| Re(z) | real part of a complex number | z = a+bi → Re(z)=a |
| Im(z) | imaginary part of a complex number | z = a+bi → Im(z)=b |
| | z | | absolute value/magnitude of a complex number | |z| = |a+bi| = √(a2+b2) |
| arg(z) | argument of a complex number | The angle of the radius in the complex plane |
| ∇ | nabla / del | gradient / divergence operator |
| \(\hat{x}\) | unit vector | magnitude of 1 |
| \(\overrightarrow{x}\) | vector | quantity with both magnitude and direction. |
| x * y | convolution | y(t) = x(t) * h(t) |
| \(\mathscr{L}\) | Laplace transform | F(s) = \(\mathscr{L}\){f (t)} |
| \(\mathscr{F}\) | Fourier transform | X(ω) =\(\mathscr{F}\) {f (t)} |
| δ | delta function | Delta |
Importance of Mathematical Symbols
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There are several importances of Mathematical symbols, some include:
- It helps to denote quantities.
- Helps establish relationships between quantities.
- Identification of the operation type.
- Easier reference.
- Universal, thus breaking the language barrier.
Things to Remember
- Same symbols can mean different things in different areas. For example, x+y in algebra means the addition of two variables named x and y. However, in tautology, it means x OR y
- Some symbols have the same meaning. For example, both ‘ ⋅ ’ and ‘×’ signify multiplication in algebra. Some other examples include division sign ‘÷’ and division slash ‘÷’
- In algebra, (3i+4) means i is a variable, however in complex numbers, i stands for iota, i.e square root of -1.
Previous Years Questions
- ∫sin2xsin4x+cos4x∫sin2xsin4x+cos4x is equal to:
- Let [.] denote the greatest integer function then the value of 1.5∫0x[x2]∫01.5x[x2] dx is :
- ∫21/2|log10x|dx=
- If y(t) is a solution of (1+t)dydt−ty=1 and …[JEE Advanced 2003]
- The equation of the curve satisfying the differential ….[AMUEEE 2015]
- If xdy=y(dx+ydy),y(1)=1 and y(x)>0. Then, y(−3)...[JEE Advanced 2005]
- Which of the following is a correct solution of…..[AMUEEE 2014]
- Let f(x) be differentiable on the interval (0,∞) ...[AMUEEE 2014]
- Evaluate : ∫1sinx+√3cosxdx
- The graph of the function y=f(x)y=f(x)is symmetrical about the line x=2x=2, then
- Let R={(1,3),(4,2),(2,4),(2,3),(3,1)} be a relation on the set A={1,2,3,4}. The relation R is
- Which of the following are not equivalence relations on I?
- Evaluate: ∫{(2x−3)5+1(7x−5)3+1√5x−4+12−3x+√3x+2}dx
- Evaluate : ∫(exloga+ealogx+ealoga)dx
- Evaluate:2π∫0sin(π4+x2)dx
- Evaluate : π/2∫0cosx(cosx2+sinx2)3dx
Sample Questions
Ques: What does the ‘n!’ symbol mean? (1 mark)
Ans: ‘n!’ is a factorial symbol. n! =1⋅2⋅3⋅4⋅5…..(n-2)⋅(n-1).n
Ques: What is the difference between and ∠? (1 mark)
Ans: is the angle measured between two rays, while ∠ is the measured angle.
Ques: If set A= {1, 2, 3} and set B= {2,4,6}, what is A ∩ B? (1 mark)
Ans: A ∩ B=set of objects belonging to both A and={{1, 2, 3, 4, 6}.
Ques: What is the Greek equivalent of z? (1 mark)
Ans: The Greek equivalent of z is zeta (Ζ is in upper case, ζ in lower case).
Ques: What does |A| signify in linear algebra? (1 mark)
Ans: The symbol |A| stand for a determinant A in linear algebra.
Ques: How do we read the expression x+y, if it is pertaining to logic (not algebra)? (1 mark)
Ans: We read the expression as x or y. This is because in logical expressions,+is the symbol for or.
Ques: What is the symbol for derivative and double derivative? (1 mark)
Ans: The symbol for the derivative and double derivative is and respectively.
Ques: What is the difference between(), { } and [ ] ? (2 marks)
Ans:() denotes parenthesis. { } are curly brackets and [ ] are square brackets. In a mathematical equation, they have a priority order, i.e. which one to solve first.
The order is [ ]>{ }>()
Ques: Give the value of the following symbols: a) π b) e c) γ, rounding off to two decimal places. (3 marks)
Ans: a) π is pi and its value is 3.14
b) e is Euler’s number and its value is 2.72
c) γ is Euler-Mascheroni constant and its value is 0.58
Ques: Give the Roman numerals for the following: a) 10 b) 50 c) 100 (3 marks)
Ans: a) 10 is represented by X in Roman numerals.
b) 50 is represented by L in Roman numerals.
c)100 is represented by C in Roman numerals.
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