Particle Physics Questions

---

Very Short Answers Questions [1 Mark Questions]

Ques. As per the standard model, how many elementary particles are seen?

1. 61
2. 72
3. 81
4. 91

Ans. The correct answer is a. 61

Explanation: There are 61 elementary particles in the standard model.

Ques. The formula to find the mass number is

1. A = Z × N
2. A = Z – N
3. A = Z/N
4. A = Z + N

Ans. The correct answer is d. A = Z + N

Explanation: If Z is the number of protons and N is the number of neutrons, then mass number A is given by the sum of the number of protons and neutrons i.e. A = Z + N.

Ques. The spin of the quark is

1. 3/4
2. 1/2
3. 0
4. 1

Ans. The correct answer is b. 1/2

Explanation: The spin of the quark is 1/2.

Ques. Particle Physics is used in

1. External beam radiotherapy
2. Semiconductors
3. Production of metal isotopes
4. All of the above

Ans. The correct answer is d. All of the above

Explanation: Particle physics is used in External beam therapy, production of metal isotopes, semiconductors, etc.

Ques. Another name for Particle Physics is

1. Constant Energy Physics
2. Low Energy Physics
3. High Energy Physics
4. Zero Energy Physics

Ans. The correct answer is c. High Energy Physics

Explanation: Physicists call particle physics "high energy physics" since elementary particles do not occur naturally, but can be created and identified when they collide with other particles.

---

Short Answers Questions [2 Marks Questions]

Ques. What is particle physics?

Ans. The study of basic particles and forces that make up matter and radiation is known as particle physics or high-energy physics. The Standard Model divides the basic components of the cosmos into fermions (matter particles) and bosons (force-carrying particles).

Ques. Why is particle physics known as high-energy physics?

Ans. Particle physics is a discipline of physics that examines the fundamental elements of matter and radiation, as well as their interactions. It is also known as high energy physics since many elementary particles do not occur naturally but may be generated and identified via powerful collisions with other particles, as in particle accelerators.

Ques. What are the properties of the fundamental particles?

Ans. A fundamental particle is defined by three fundamental properties: Mass, Charge, and Spin. Every characteristic is given a numerical value. The number for mass and charge can be zero. For example, the mass of a photon is zero while a neutrino has zero charge.

Ques. Why do stable nuclei never have more protons than neutrons?

Ans. Protons are positively charged particles that electrically repel each other. This repulsion is extremely strong in nuclei with more than ten protons. The excess neutrons only develop attractive forces and are essential for stability.

Also Read:

---

Long Answers Questions [3 Marks Questions]

Ques. Why is dark matter interesting and important?

Ans. Dark matter is interesting because it is made up of particles that do not absorb, reflect, or emit light, making its presence impossible to detect using electromagnetic waves. 

• According to physicists, a substance is responsible for the expansion of the cosmos and is the first to form structures under its own gravitational force. 
• The substance also explains the origins of life, which is an intriguing aspect of it. 
• As a result, it is often assumed that the content is both interesting and significant.

Ques. What is Higgs boson and why it is called God particle?

Ans. The Higgs boson, often known as the Higgs particle, is an elementary particle in particle physics formed by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field, one of the fields in particle physics theory. 

• The Higgs particle, according to the Standard Model, is a massive scalar boson with zero spins, even (positive) parity, no electric charge, and no color charge that couples to (interacts with) mass. 
• It is also extremely unstable, disintegrating almost shortly after formation into other particles.

The Higgs boson is commonly referred to as "the God particle" since it is thought to have triggered the "Big Bang" that formed our cosmos countless years ago.

Ques. If both the number of neutrons and the number of protons are conserved in each nuclear reaction, in what way is mass converted into energy (or vice versa) in a nuclear reaction? Explain.

Ans. Because of the mass defect, a nucleus' binding energy contributes nothing to its mass. Because the quantity of protons and neutrons in a nuclear reaction is conserved, the total mass of neutrons and protons is the same on each side of the reaction. As a result, the total binding energy of nuclei on the left side will differ from that on the right.

The difference between these binding energies manifests itself as the energy produced or absorbed in a nuclear reaction. The binding energy that contributes to mass is the difference in the total mass of nuclei on both sides, which is transformed into energy or vice versa.

---

Very Long Answers Questions [5 Marks Questions]

Ques. What are the benefits of particle physics?

Ans. The following are the benefits of particle physics

• Medicine: Particle accelerators and detectors originally developed for particle physics are currently utilized to treat and diagnose millions of patients by every major medical center in the country.
• Homeland Security: The same advanced detector technology that physicists use to analyze particles is also used to better secure the nation, from checking cargo in ports to monitoring nuclear waste.
• Industry: Particle physicists depend on industry to manufacture and enhance the millions of components required for experiments, placing businesses on a fast track to new goods and life-changing innovations.
• Computing: To collect and analyze the massive amounts of data created by particle collisions, particle physicists create cutting-edge computing technologies, making significant contributions to computer science solutions.
• Science: Particle physicists require cutting-edge tools, and many of these are useful in other fields of science.

Ques. Explain the standard model of particle physics.

Ans. The Standard Model of particle physics is the theory that describes three of the four known fundamental forces in the universe (electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions) and classifies all known elementary particles.

• It evolved in phases during the second part of the twentieth century, with the current formulation being finalized in the mid-1970s after experimental confirmation of the existence of quarks.
• Since then, evidence for the top quark (1995), tau neutrino (2000), and Higgs boson (2012) have lent credibility to the Standard Model. 
• Furthermore, the Standard Model accurately anticipated several features of weak neutral currents including the W and Z bosons.
• Although the Standard Model is thought to be theoretically self-consistent and has shown some effectiveness in delivering experimental predictions, it fails to explain some physical events and hence falls short of being a full explanation of basic interactions.
• The Standard Model was driven by both theoretical and experimental particle physicists. 
• The Standard Model is a quantum field theory paradigm for theorists that exhibits a wide range of phenomena such as spontaneous symmetry breaking, anomalies, and non-perturbative behavior.

Ques. How does a particle accelerator work?

Ans. The working principle of particle accelerator is

• Electric fields are used in particle accelerators to accelerate and raise the energy of a stream of particles that are directed and focussed by magnetic fields. 
• The particles to be accelerated, such as protons or electrons, are supplied by the particle source.
• In the metal beam pipe, a particle beam moves inside a vacuum. 
• The vacuum is essential for keeping an air and dust-free atmosphere in which the particle beam can flow freely. 
• Electromagnets guide and concentrate the particle beam as it goes through the vacuum tube.
• At a specific frequency, electric fields around the accelerator transition from positive to negative, producing radio waves that accelerate particles in groups. 
• Particles can be directed at a specific target, such as a thin strip of metal foil, or two particle beams can clash. 
• Particle detectors record and show the particles and radiation produced by the impact of a particle beam and a target.

---

Previous Year Questions

1. Extraction of metal from the ore cassiterite involves...[JEE Advanced 2011]
2. Commonly used vectors for human genome sequencing are...[NEET UG 2014]
3. Interfascicular cambium and cork cambium are formed due to​..
4. Pneumotaxic centre is present in​...[UP CPMT 2007]
5. Reaction of HBr with propene in the presence of peroxide gives….[NEET UG 2004]
6. Assuming the expression for the pressure exerted by the gas on the walls of the container, it can be shown that pressure is...[MHT CET 2016]
7. Which among the following is the strongest acid?...[TS EAMCET 2017]
8. Isopropyl alcohol on oxidation forms​..
9. A vector is not changed if​..
10. Which of the following arrangements does not represent the correct order of the property stated against it?...[JEE Main 2013]
11. The major product of the following reaction is​...[JEE Main 2019]
12. Major product of the following reaction is..[JEE Main 2023]
13. The percentage of nitrogen in urea is about..
14. The electric field at a point is​
15. Which of the following statements is true?​..[JKCET 2006]

For Latest Updates on Upcoming Board Exams, Click Here: https://t.me/class_10_12_board_updates

---

Check-Out: