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Logarithm is the most convenient technique to express huge numbers in mathematics. Logarithm is defined as the power to which any integer must be raised to get some values. Exponentiation is also known as the inverse process of logarithms.
Read Also: Value of Log 0
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Keyterms: Log, Logarithm, Exponential functions, Integer, Base, Logarithm functions, Natural logarithmic functions, Common logarithmic functions
Types of Logarithmic Functions
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Logarithm is a quantity that represents the power with which a fixed number's base is raised to generate a given number. The logarithmic function's general representation is
f(x) = loga x
The two types of logarithmic functions are, in general,
- The base of a common logarithmic function is 10. This function is represented by log10 or log.
- The base of the natural logarithmic function is e. This function is represented by the letters ln or loge.
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|---|---|---|
| Sequence and Series | Arithmetic Progression | Geometric Progression |
| Geometric Mean | Straight Lines | Angle Between Two Lines |
Logarithmic Rules
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Quotient rule- The quotient rule involves dividing two numbers by the same base and then subtracting the exponents.
Logb M/N = Logb M - Logb N
Product Rule- The product rule involves multiplying two numbers with the same base and then adding the exponents.
Logb MN = Logb M + Logb N
Power Rule- Exponents' expressions are raised to power in the power rule, and then the exponents are multiplied.
Logb Mp = P logb M
Value of Log 1 to 10 for Log Base 10
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Here is a list of the values of log 1 to 10 (common logarithm- log10 x).
| Common Logarithm to a Number (log10 x) | Log Value |
|---|---|
| Log 1 | 0 |
| Log 2 | 0.3010 |
| Log 3 | 0.4771 |
| Log 4 | 0.6020 |
| Log 5 | 0.6989 |
| Log 6 | 0.7781 |
| Log 7 | 0.8450 |
| Log 8 | 0.9030 |
| Log 9 | 0.9542 |
| Log 10 | 1 |
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|---|---|---|
| Real-Valued Function | Trigonometric Functions | Complex numbers and Quadratic Equations |
| Hyperbola | Ellipse | Parabola |
Value of Log 1 to 10 for Log Base e
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This table shows the value of log 1 to 10 in terms of the natural logarithm (loge x).
| Natural Logarithm to a Number (loge x) | Ln Value |
|---|---|
| ln (1) | 0 |
| ln (2) | 0.693147 |
| ln (3) | 1.098612 |
| ln (4) | 1.386294 |
| ln (5) | 1.609438 |
| ln (6) | 1.791759 |
| ln (7) | 1.94591 |
| ln (8) | 2.079442 |
| ln (9) | 2.197225 |
| ln (10) | 2.302585 |
Things to Remember
- In the 2nd century BC, India was the first country to apply logarithm.
- Michael Stifel, a German mathematician, was the first to employ the logarithm in contemporary times.
- The main benefit of utilizing base 10 logarithms is that they are simple to calculate mentally for some particular numbers. For example, the log base 10 of 1.000,000 is 6, and all you have to do is count the zeros.
- For theoretical work, natural logs are more convenient. They're simple to figure out quantitatively.
- Exponentiation is also known as the inverse process of logarithms.
Read Here: Value of Log 1
Previous Year Questions
- The differential coefficient of f (Sinx) w.r.t. x where f(x)=logx is….[KCET 2004]
- The differential coefficient of log10x with respect to logx10 is….….[KCET 2016]
- If log72=?, then the value of log49(28) is….
- The derivative of y = xsinx is...[UPSEE 2016]
- The derivative of (logx)x with respect to log x is….
- The sum of the divisors of 24⋅33⋅53 is…..
- The value of =dxd[xnlogaxex]=…
- The value of dxd[xnlogaxex] is...[JKCET 2013]
- If a=log23,b=log25,c=log72, then log14063 in terms of a, b, ca,b,c is…...[BITSAT 2007]
- The general value of the real angle θ, which satisfies the equation,...[WBJEE 2019]
Sample Questions
Ques: Name two different types of logarithmic functions. (2 marks)
Ans: The two types of logarithmic functions are:
- The base of a common logarithmic function is 10. This function is represented by log10 or log.
- The base of the natural logarithmic function is e. This function is represented by the letters ln or loge.
Ques: Calculate the difference between log1 and log0. (2 marks)
Ans: log1 – log 0 (Given)
Value of Log 1 = 0 and Value of log 0 = - ∞
Hence, log 1+ log 0 = 0-(-∞) = ∞
Ques: What is the value of log264? (3 marks)
Ans: Using the base formula,
Log2 x = log10 x/ log10 2
= log2 64 = log10 64/ log10 2
=1.806180/ 0.301030
= 6
Ques: What are some of the applications of a logarithm? (3 marks)
Ans: John Napier was the first to introduce the concept of the logarithm. Many scientists, navigators, engineers, and others afterward used it to make various calculations quickly. The logarithm notion is also commonly employed in the fields of science and technology.
Problems based on logarithm can be simply calculated with the logarithm calculator. In surveying and celestial navigation, the logarithm is also utilized. The logarithm is also employed in computations such as determining the soundness of a building, the intensity of an earthquake on the Richter scale, and the acidity of radioactivity (pH =- log 10 H+, etc.).
As a result, the logarithm is quite significant in today's world.
Ques: Describe product rule. (2 marks)
Ans: Power rule- Exponents' expressions are raised to power in the power rule, and then the exponents are multiplied.
Logb Mp = P logb M
Ques: What is the value of Log10 0? (1 mark)
Ans: Log10 0 = Not Defined
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