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Jute fibre is a form of plant fibre that is well known for its potential to be spun into sturdy and coarse threads. They are known to be gentle, lengthy, and vibrant in nature.
- Jute fibre is a long, shiny and soft natural fibre.
- The vegetation belonging to the genus Corchorus is believed to be the primary manufacturer of this fibre.
- It is a type of fibre that is compostable and biodegradable.
- Jute fibre is also known as golden fibre because of its golden colour and affordability.
- Water is an essential element for the survival of jute fibre.
- They belong to the family of flowering plants called ‘Tiliaceae’.
- The main chemical components of jute fibres include lignin and cellulose.
- It can be used in the production of gunny cloth, hessian fabric, or burlap fabric, which are commonly jute fibres.
Key Terms: Jute Fibre, Jute, Cellulose, Lignin, Cotton, Fibres, Natural Fibres, Polysaccharides, Fabric, Plant Fibre, Biodegradable, Flowering Plant
What is Jute Fibre?
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Jute Fibre is assumed to be one of the most inexpensive and economical plant fibres. The key chemical additives of jute fibres are lignin and cellulose. The term ‘lignin’ is used to refer to a category of complex organic polymers.
- Cellulose is a natural polysaccharide that includes a linear chain of masses of D-glucose molecules.
- Jute fibres are generally labelled as bast fibres.
- It can be amassed from the bastion or the phloem surrounding the plant stem.
- It could be cited that jute fibres are commonly brown to off-white in colour.
- The everyday length of jute fibre stages from 1 to 4 meters.
- Jute is also called the golden fibre because of its high cash cost and its shade.
- It is cheaper compared to other fibres which makes it easily available and affordable for everyone.
NoteDifferent amazing examples of fibres derived from the phloem or the bast of the producing flowers consist of linen (derived from the bast of the flax plant), commercial hemp, and kenaf (additionally known as Java jute and Deccan hemp). |
Jute Fibre
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Where is Jute Fibre produced?
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The major parts of the world where jute fibre is produced are India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. 85% of jute manufacturing is localized to the Ganges River Delta, which spans at some point in Bangladesh and the Bengal area of India.
- At the same time, China doesn’t produce as much jute as China or Bangladesh.
- It is, nonetheless, one of the international’s largest jute manufacturers.
- A selection of different Asian international locations also produces jute along with Thailand, Burma, and Bhutan.
- The largest marketplace for textiles in fashion is China.
A large population of jute fibre stays localized to Asia, but countries like India and Bangladesh also export jute to the USA, the EU Union, and other fertile markets through the course of the Western and developing worlds.
Production of Jute Fibre
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The production of jute fibre is divided into following steps which are as follows:
Cultivation
Jute fibres are cultivated in areas where the soil is fertile and receives adequate rainfall. The seeds are usually sown between March and May.
- The plant tends to grow to a height of 10 to 12 feet in about 4-5 months.
Harvesting
The process of harvesting usually begins when 120-125 days have passed after the sowing of seeds. When they are harvested, they are cut close to the ground.
- Later, their stems are dried in the sun to remove moisture.
Retting
In this process, the jute stems that are dried in the sun are placed in water for several days. This will separate jute seeds from stems.
Stripping
Once the jute seeds are separated from the stems, they are stripped manually or using mechanical tools. The outer bark is removed, and the inner fibre is separated into strands.
Washing
Jute fibres are washed so that dust and impurities are removed.
Drying
After the removal of impurities, jute is again dried to remove moisture from them.
Bailing
Bailing is a process where jute fibres are ready for sale to the factories.
Properties of Jute Fibre
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The properties of jute fibre are divided into physical and chemical properties which are as follows:
Physical Properties of Jute Fibres
Some of the physical properties of jute fibres are listed below:
- Jute fibre is one of the most affordable fibre available as it is easily available for people.
- The fibre is highly lustrous.
- It is used highly for commercial purposes.
- The fibres produced are quite lengthy in size.
- These fibres are of versatile nature.
- Jute fibre is rough and durable.
The physical properties are tabulated below:
| Physical Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Colour | Light brown to greyish white |
| Diameter | 20-30 micrometres |
| Length | 1-4 metres |
| Elasticity | Medium |
| Tenacity | 3.5-5.5 g/denier |
| 1.3 g/cm³ | |
| Moisture regain | 12-14% |
| Resistance to sunlight | Poor |
| Flammability | Highly flammable |
Chemical Properties of Jute Fibres
Some important chemical properties of jute fibres are as follows:
- These types of resitant to acids but get damaged by alkaline substance.
- They can absorb water which is 15% of their weight.
- These fibres when react with oxidising agents will form bleach.
- When these fibres are heated at 190-220°C they will release gases like carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water vapour.
Chemical Composition of Jute Fibres
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The main chemical component used in the preparation of jute fibres are as follows:
Cellulose
Jute fibre is made of 60-70% cellulose, providing strength and stiffness.
Hemicellulose
Jute fibre is made of 10-15% of hemicellulose, providing flexibility and elasticity to jute fibre.
Lignin
Jute fibre is made of 10-20% lignin, which protects against environmental factors, such as UV radiation and fungal attacks.
Ash
Jute fibre contains only 1% of ash, which is the residue left after burning the fibre.
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Application of Jute Fibre
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Jute is used everywhere for industrial and commercial use. Due to its rough and durable properties jute is one of the best fibre used for commercial purposes. Some of the applications of jute fibres are listed below.
- The most common use of jute is in making matt and twine.
- It is also used in making ropes.
- Jute is also used in making clothes and sacks.
- However, clothes made of jute are not suitable for humans but sacks are used for the storage of products.
- Jute fibre is also used in the manufacture of canvas and carpet backing cloths.
- It is completely biodegradable in nature.
- Carpets and rugs are also made up of jute fibre.
Things To Remember
- Jute fibre is a form of long, shiny plant fibre that can be spun into threads.
- It is second to cotton to produce most produced fibre.
- The key chemical additives of jute fibres are lignin and cellulose.
- 85% of jute manufacturing is localized to the Ganges River Delta, which spans at some point of Bangladesh and the Bengal area of India.
- The cultivation of jute fibre requires alluvial soil and water.
Sample Questions
Ques. What is jute fibre? (2 marks)
Ans. Jute fibre is a form of plant fibre that is well known for its potential to be spun into sturdy and coarse threads. Character jute fibres are known to be gentle, lengthy, and vibrant in nature. The vegetation belonging to the genus Corchorus is believed to be the primary manufacturer of this fibre. It is crucial to observe that the fibres which can be used within the production of gunny cloth, hessian fabric, or burlap fabric are commonly jute fibres.
Ques. Answer following question: (A) Which countries are the largest jute producers in the world
(B) Which is the largest jute-producing state of India? (2 marks)
Ans. (A) India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh are the world's largest jute producers.
(B) West Bengal is the largest jute cultivation in India. Followed by Bihar, Assam, Orissa, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Andhra Pradesh.
Ques. What are the advantages of using jute fibre? (3 marks)
Ans. The advantages of jute fibre are as follows:
- These fibres are quite strong in nature.
- Jute fibres are porous hence there is proper circulation of air.
- These type of materials are breathable.
- Jute fibres are eco-friendly as they are compostable.
- They are vey cheap and can be purchased easily.
Ques. Write physical properties of Jute fibre? (3 marks)
Ans. The physical properties of jute fibres are as follows:
- Jute is widely accessible, it is among the least expensive fibers available.
- The fiber has a brilliant sheen.
- It is heavily utilized in business.
- The resulting fibers are large and rather long.
- These fibers are adaptable in nature.
- The fiber of jute is robust and coarse.
- Jute fibres are the most affordable fibre available.
Ques. Answer the following question: (A) Where is jute manufactured the most
(B) Give two examples of products made of Jute? (2 marks)
Ans. (A) Ganges River Delta manufactures the most jute fiber in India about 85%.
(B) Mat and Bags are made of jute fibre.
Ques. Why jute is known as environmental friendly fibre? (3 marks)
Ans. Jute fibers are fully compostable and biodegradable in nature. These fibers can be recycled and used again because they are recyclable. Moreover, it is well known that bags composed of these fibers are more damage-resistant than plastic bags.
- As a result, a single jute bag has a far longer useful life than a single plastic bag.
- Furthermore, it should be mentioned that jute plant growth might improve the soil's fertility (for specific crop types).
- Jute is so frequently regarded as an environmentally beneficial plant fiber.
Ques. Which products are manufactured the most from Jute fibre? (1 mark)
Ans. Yarn and Twine are the most manufactured products of jute.
Ques. Explain the chemical composition of jute fibre? (3 marks)
Ans. The chemical composition of jute fibre are as follows:
- Cellulose:Jute fibre is made of 60-70% cellulose, providing strength and stiffness.
- Hemicellulose: Jute fibre is made of 10-15% of hemicellulose, providing flexibility and elasticity to jute fibre.
- Lignin: Jute fibre is made of 10-20% lignin, which protects against environmental factors, such as UV radiation and fungal attacks.
- Ash: Jute fibre contains only 1% of ash, which is the residue left after burning the fibre.
Ques. Write applications of jute fibre? (3 marks)
Ans. Applications of jute are as follows:
- Jute is most frequently used to make twine and matt.
- Ropes are also made from it.
- Additionally, sacks and clothing are made from jute.
- Though sacks are used to store goods, jute clothing is not appropriate for human use.
- Additionally, jute fiber is used to make backing cloths for carpets and canvases.
- In nature, it entirely biodegrades.
- Jute fiber is also used in carpets and rugs.
Ques. What are the disadvantages of using a jute fibre? (3 marks)
Ans. The disadvantages of jute fibre are as follows:
- These types of fibres are prone to creasing.
- When jute fibres are exposed to water then they will lose their tensile strength.
- When they are exposed to sunlight for too long then they will lose their colour.
Ques. What is the difference between jute and cotton? (3 marks)
Ans. The difference between jute and cotton are as follows:
| Jute | Cotton |
|---|---|
| Jute is obtained from jute plants. | Cotton is obtained from cotton plants. |
| It is grown when weather is rainy. | It is grown in warm season. |
| Jute is used to make ropes and matts. | Cotton is used to make clothes and bed sheets. |
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