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Water Management is the process of planning, developing and managing the use of water resources as per policies and regulations set by the authority.
Water Management
Today, the population is increasing at an extremely fast rate, which results in the consumption of resources. This also results in creating a pressure on other countries on the usage of water resources.
- Climate change further aggravates the situation, which affects the hydrological cycles.
- The only solution to this problem is the method of water management.
- Water Management is the process of planning, developing and managing the use of water resources as per policies and regulations set by the authority.
- It includes treatment of drinking water, sewage water, industrial water and management of irrigation.
- Greywater treatment and black water treatment are some of the water management techniques.
- The most common advantage of water management includes reducing the water related cost.
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Very Short Answer Questions (1 mark)
Ques. What is the weight of the water molecule?
Ans. The weight of a water molecule is estimated to be 18 grams per mole.
Ques. In how many states water can be found?
Ans. Water exists in three states, namely solid, liquid and gas.
Ques. What is the most common cause of acidity in the water?
Ans. Carbon Dioxide is the most common use of acidity in the water.
Ques. What is the detention period?
Ans. The detention period is the amount of time water remains in the vessel until it flows out of the vessel.
Ques. Explain the term reduce level?
Ans. The amount of water above or below the sea level is called a reduced level. It is also known as zero level or datum.
Ques. Which of the processes cannot be used for water disinfection?
- Alums
- Filtration
- Boiling
- Chlorine Tablets
Ans: The correct answer is (B) Filtration
Explanation: Filtration is the process of removing solids from liquid and gaseous states.
Ques. When should an area be declared as drought-affected?
Ans. An area is drought-affected when it receives rainfall of less than 85%.
Short Answer Questions (2 marks)
Ques. How can chlorine be used in the treatment of infected water?
Ans. Chlorination is the process by which chlorine can be used in the treatment of infected water. It is defined as the amount of chlorine added to water to remove impure pathogens. The amount of chlorine that must be added to the water is 1 to 16 milligrams per litre.
Ques. Explain the force of cohesion and force of adhesion?
Ans. Force of Cohesion is defined as the intermolecular force between molecules of a similar substance.
Force of Adhesion is defined as the intermolecular force between molecules of dissimilar substance.
Ques. What is rainwater harvesting?
Ans. Rainwater harvesting is the process of collecting rainwater, which is collected on the roof and directly transferred to a tank or a reservoir.
Ques. How can the efficiency of a sedimentation tank be increased?
Ans. The rate of overflow of liquid can increase the efficiency of a sedimentation tank. It will also indicate the amount of removal of suspended particles at the given rate of overflow.
It can be explained with the formula: Vs = Q / BL.
Ques. What is the specific gravity of a liquid?
Ans. The specific gravity of a liquid is defined as the relative weight of the liquid with respect to an equal quantity of water. It can be calculated by dividing the density of the required material by dividing the density of water at four degrees celsius.
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Long Answer Questions (3 marks)
Ques. What are the benefits of water management?
Ans. Water Management is defined as the process of controlling the movement of water resources in order to return water to its original state. The management of water is done as per the policies laid out by the higher authority.
The advantages of water management are as follows:
It will reduce water-related costs
- The management of water will help in the reduction of wastage of water, which in turn will reduce the water bills.
- Thus, the management of water will help in the reduction of water costs.
Increase sustainability for the environment:
- The management of water will result in the proper treatment of sewage water, rainwater and other types of water.
- This, in turn, will solve the problem of drought and water scarcity.
Ques. Explain the difference between greywater treatment and blackwater treatment?
Ans. The difference between greywater treatment and blackwater treatment are as follows:
| Greywater Treatment | Blackwater Treatment |
|---|---|
| Greywater is the water released from bathing, laundering and showering. | Blackwater is the water released from bathrooms in the form of faecal and urine. |
| It can be used in irrigation and construction of wetlands. | It is used in the disinfection process. |
| It is less toxins and can be easily recycled | It is more toxins and can not be easily recycled |
Ques. Explain the term biochemical oxygen demands?
Ans. Biochemical Oxygen Demand is the process of determining the amount of dissolved oxygen which is consumed by aerobic bacteria. It is commonly abbreviated as BOD and can be expressed in milligrams of oxygen consumed per litre of sample at 20 degrees celsius. It measures the amount of waste loaded into the treatment plants. The process will have a short-term effect on the oxygen levels. Some methods to calculate the biological oxygen demand includes dilution method and manometric method.
Ques. Explain
(A) Water Stress
(B Desalination
(C) Coefficient of discharge
Ans. (A) Water Stress: Water stress also known as water scarcity is defined as the time when the amount of water required at present exceeds the amount of water available for usage is called water stress. It is also caused by deterioration in the quality of water.
(B) Desalination: Desalination is defined as the process by which mineral impurities are removed from the water. The concept is quite expensive and currently used in seawater treatment which in turn is used in agricultural farming and human use.
(C) Coefficient of Discharge: Coefficient of Discharge or Efflux Discharge is defined as the ratio of actual discharge of liquid to the ideal discharge of liquid.
Very Long Answer Questions (5 marks)
Ques. Explain the different types of water conservation techniques?
Ans. The different type of water conservation techniques are as follows:
- Rainwater Harvesting: It is defined as the process of collecting the rainwater stored on the roof in a tank, reservoir or natural tanks.
- Drip Irrigation: Drip irrigation also known as trickle irrigation is a type of water conservation technique that saves water by allowing it to drip slowly to the roots of the plants.
- Groundwater Harvesting: Another water technique is ground water harvesting which involves storing of collected water in an aquifer installed beneath the ground. It will also retain the level of moisture within the ground.
- Dams: Dam is a large solid structure that is built on rivers and streams. The main purpose of dams is to provide water to the nearby facilities, agricultural farms and people as per the consumption of water.
Ques. How can water conservation be achieved through the daily activities of an individual?
Ans. Water conservation can be achieved through following daily activities of an individual
- Avoid taking a bath under the shower and try to bathe using a bucket.
- Close the tap while brushing and washing and shaving.
- Avoid water in the overhead tank from overflowing.
- Wash the vegetables in the sink of clean water rather than washing them under a running tap.
- Clean your driveways or house with the help of brooms rather than cleaning them with water pipes.
- Check and fix all leakage in the house.
- Use store water when you are watering your plants.
Ques. Explain the process of coagulation?
Ans. Coagulation is a chemical process which involves the treatment of water to remove the insoluble impurities by changing the characteristic of electrostatic charge in water. The most important thing in the coagulation process is choosing the right coagulation method which will increase the efficiency of the system. Some of the examples of the process of coagulation includes: demulsifying oil emulsion, paint detackification and removal of solid particles from colloidal solution.
Coagulants used for water treatment are as follows:
- Ferric Chloride
- Aluminium Chloride
- Aluminium Chlorohydrate
- Ferric and Ferrous Sulphate
Ques. Explain the working of treatment of industrial waste?
Ans. Treatment of industrial waste is one of the biggest requirements of today’s generation. As the name suggests industrial wastewater treatment includes treating the waste that is discharged from the industries and factories. The waste treated from industries are used in sanitary sewer or surface water in the environment.
To remove waste coming from the industries, the required material is put in the container. A suitable amount of waste is treated by adding an acid or an alkali to separate the impure compound. The process is carried out by changing the temperature of the solid. Neutralization process is carried out to control the pH of the wastewater. The precipitate is removed by the process of sedimentation or flotation.
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